Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Designing an innovative support system in loess tunnel

  • Wang, Zhichao (School of Highway, Chang'an University) ;
  • Xie, Yuan (Powerchina Xibei Engineering Corporation Limited) ;
  • Lai, Jinxing (School of Highway, Chang'an University) ;
  • Xie, Yongli (School of Highway, Chang'an University) ;
  • Su, Xulin (School of Highway, Chang'an University) ;
  • Shi, Yufeng (School of Highway, Chang'an University) ;
  • Guo, Chunxia (School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology)
  • Received : 2020.03.13
  • Accepted : 2021.01.21
  • Published : 2021.02.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The sufficient early strength of primary support is crucial for stabilizing the surroundings, especially for the tunnels constructed in soil. This paper introduces the Steel-Concrete Composite Support System (SCCS), a new support with high bearing capacity and flexible, rapid construction. The bearing characteristics and construction performance of SCCS were systematically studied using a three-dimensional numerical model. A sensitivity analysis was also performed. It was found that the stress of a π-shaped steel arch decreased with an increase in the thickness of the wall, and increased linearly with an increase in the rate of stress release. In the horizontal direction of the arch section, the nodal stresses of the crown and the shoulder gradually increased in longitudinally, and in the vertical direction, the nodal stresses gradually decreased from top to bottom. The stress distribution at the waist, however, was opposite to that at the crown and the shoulder. By analyzing the stress of the arch section under different installation gaps, the sectional stress evolution was found to have a step-growth trend at the crown and shoulder. The stress evolution at the waist is more likely to have a two-stage growth trend: a slow growth stage and a fast growth stage. The maximum tensile and compressive stresses of the secondary lining supported by SCCS were reduced on average by 38.0% and 49.0%, respectively, compared with the traditional support. The findings can provide a reference for the supporting technology in tunnels driven in loess.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52008028, 52078421) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD (Grant No. 300102210112).

References

  1. Al Zand, A.W., Badaruzzaman, W.H.W., Mutalib, A.A. and Hilo, S.J. (2016), "The enhanced performance of CFST beams using different strengthening schemes involving unidirectional CFRP sheets: An experimental study", Eng. Struct., 128, 184-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.044.
  2. Ariznavarreta-Fernandez, F., Gonzalez-Palacio, C., Menendez-Diaz, A. and Ordonez, C. (2016), "Measurement system with angular encoders for continuous monitoring of tunnel convergence", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 56, 176-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.03.014.
  3. Bjureland, W., Spross, J., Johansson F., Prastings, A. and Larsson, S. (2017), "Reliability aspects of rock tunnel design with the observational method", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 98, 102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.07.004.
  4. Bonini, M., Lancellotta, G. and Barla, G. (2013), "State of stress in tunnel lining in squeezing rock conditions", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46(2), 405-411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0326-y.
  5. Chang, X., Luo, X.L., Zhu, C.X. and Tang, C.N. (2014), "Analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) support in high ground stress conditions", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 43, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.04.002.
  6. Chen, J.X., Xu, Z.L., Luo, Y.B., Song, J.K., Liu, W.W. and Dong, F.F. (2020), "Application of the upper-bench CD method in super large-span and shallow tunnel: A case study of Letuan Tunnel", Adv. Civ. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8826232.
  7. Cui, L., Zheng, J.J., Zhang, R.J. and Lai, H.J. (2015), "A numerical procedure for the fictitious support pressure in the application of the convergence-confinement method for circular tunnel design", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 78, 336-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.07.001.
  8. Dancygier, A.N., Karinski, Y.S. and Chacha, A. (2016), "A model to assess the response of an arched roof of a lined tunnel", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 56, 211-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.03.009.
  9. Doostmohammadi R. (2016), "Investigation of swelling pressure of weak rocks in vicinity of support systems", J. Min. Sci., 52(3), 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739116030670.
  10. Fang, Q., Du, J.M., Li, J.Y., Zhang, D.L. and Cao, L.Q. (2021), "Settlement characteristics of large-diameter shield excavation below existing subway in close vicinity", J. Cent. South Univ., In Press.
  11. GB 50936-2014 (2014), Technical Code for Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Structures, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
  12. Hassanein, M.F., Patel, V.I., El Hadidy, A.M., Al Abadi, H. and Elchalakani, M. (2018), "Structural behaviour and design of elliptical high-strength concrete-filled steel tubular short compression members", Eng. Struct., 173, 495-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.07.023.
  13. He, S.Y., Lai, J.X. and Zhong, Y.J. (2021), "Damage behaviors, prediction methods and prevention methods of rockburst in 13 deep traffic tunnels in China", Eng. Fail. Anal., 121, 105178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.105178.
  14. Hua, J.X. (2018), Geological Engineering Handbook, China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, China.
  15. Huang, W.P., Yuan, Q., Tan, Y.L., Wang, J., Liu, G.L., Qu, G.L. and Li, C. (2018), "An innovative support technology employing a concrete-filled steel tubular structure for a 1000-m-deep roadway in a high in situ stress field", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 73, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.11.007.
  16. JTG 3370.1-2018 (2018), Specifications for design of highway tunnels, Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
  17. Kaya, A., Karaman, K. and Bulut, F. (2017), "Geotechnical investigations and remediation design for failure of tunnel portal section: A case study in northern Turkey", J. Mountain Sci., 14(6), 1140-1160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4267-x.
  18. Khan, U.H., Mitri, H.S. and Jones, D. (1996), "Full scale testing of steel arch tunnel supports", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 33(3), 219-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(95)00065-8.
  19. Lai, H.P., Song, W.L. and Liu, Y.Y. (2017), "Influence of flooded loessial overburden on the tunnel lining: Case study", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 31(6), 04017108. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001100.
  20. Li, H., Ma, E.L., Lai, J.X., Wang, L.X., Xu, S.S., Wang, K. and Liu T. (2020), "Tunnelling-induced settlement and treatment techniques for a Loess Metro in Xi'an", Adv. Civ. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1854813.
  21. Li, S.C., Lu, W., Wang, Q. and Sun, H.B., Jiang, B. and Qin, Q. (2018), "Study on failure mechanism and mechanical properties of casing joints of square steel confined concrete arch", Eng. Fail. Anal., 92, 539-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.05.011.
  22. Li, W.T., Yang, N., Mei, Y.C., Zhang, Y.H., Wang, L. and Ma, H.Y. (2020), "Experimental investigation of the compression-bending property of the casing joints in a concrete filled steel tubular supporting arch for tunnel engineering", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 96, 103184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103184.
  23. Liu, K.Q., Li, S.C., Ding, W.T., Hou, M.L., Gong, Y.J. and Li, H.L. (2020a), "Pre-supporting mechanism and supporting scheme design for advanced small pipes in the silty clay layer", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 98, 103259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103259.
  24. Liu, T., Xie, Y., Feng, Z.H., Luo, Y.B., Wang, K. and Xu, W. (2020b), "Better understanding the failure modes of tunnels excavated in the boulder-cobble mixed strata by distinct element method", Eng. Fail. Anal., 116, 104712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104712.
  25. Liu, Y.Y. and Lai, H.P. (2019), "Load characteristics of tunnel lining in flooded loess strata considering loess structure", Adv. Civ. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3731965.
  26. Liu, Y.Y., Lai, H.P., Xie, Y.L. and Song, W.L. (2017), "Cracks analysis of highway tunnel lining in flooded loess", P. I. Civ. Eng. Geotech., 170(1), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.15.00177.
  27. Liu, X.G., Zhang, W.P., Gu, X.L. and Ye, Z.W. (2021). "Probability distribution model of stress impact factor for corrosion pits of high-strength prestressing wires", Eng Struct., 230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111686.
  28. Liu, Z.D. (1997), Mechanics and Engineering of Loess, Shanxi Science and Technology Press, Xi'an, China.
  29. Mao, Z.J., Wang, X.K., An, N., Li, X.J. and Wei, R.Y. (2019), "Water disaster susceptible areas in loess multi-arch tunnel construction under the lateral recharge condition", KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 23(10), 4564-4577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0951-z.
  30. Ozdogan, M.V., Yenice, H., Gonen, A. and Karakus, D. (2018), "Optimal support spacing for steel sets: Omerler underground coal mine in Western Turkey", Int. J. Geomech., 18(2), 05017003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001069.
  31. Prazeres, P.G.C., Thoeni, K. and Beer, G. (2012), "Nonlinear analysis of NATM tunnel construction with the boundary element method", Comput. Geotech., 40, 160-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.10.005.
  32. Rahimi, B., Shahriar, K. and Sharifzadeh, M. (2014), "Evaluation of rock mass engineering geological properties using statistical analysis and selecting proper tunnel design approach in Qazvin-Rasht railway tunnel", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 41, 206-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.12.010.
  33. Rehman, H., Ali W., Naji A.M., Kim, J.J., Abdullah, R.A. and Yoo, H.K. (2018), "Review of rock-mass rating and tunneling quality index systems for tunnel design: Development, refinement, application and limitation", Appl. Sci., 8(8), 1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081250.
  34. Skrzypkowski, K., Korzeniowski, W., Zagorski, K. and Zagorska, A. (2019), "Flexibility and load-bearing capacity of roof bolting as functions of mounting depth and hole diameter", Energies, 12(19), 3754 https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193754.
  35. Song, W.L., Lai, H.P., Liu, Y.Y., Yang, W.H. and Zhu, Z.D. (2019), "Field and laboratory study of cracking and safety of secondary lining for an existing highway tunnel in loess ground", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 88, 35-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.02.018.
  36. Vlachopoulos, N. and Diederichs, M.S. (2009), "Improved longitudinal displacement profiles for convergence confinement analysis of deep tunnels", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 42(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-009-0176-4.
  37. Wang, H.T., Li, S.C., Wang, Q., Wang, D.C., Li, W.T., Liu, P., Li, X.J. and Chen, Y.J. (2019a) "Investigating the supporting effect of rock bolts in varying anchoring methods in a tunnel", Geomech. Eng., 19(6), 485-498. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.6.485.
  38. Wang, Q., Jiang, B., Li, Y., Shao, X., Wang, F.Q., Li, S.C., Zhang, S.G. and Ruan, G.Q. (2017), "Mechanical behaviors analysis on a square-steel-confined-concrete arch centering and its engineering application in a mining project", Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 21(4), 389-411. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2015.1124809.
  39. Wang, Q., Luan, Y.C., Jiang, B., Li, S.C., He, M.C., Sun, H.B., Qin, Q. and Lu, W. (2019b), "Study on key technology of tunnel fabricated arch and its mechanical mechanism in the mechanized construction", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 83, 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.10.002.
  40. Wang, Z.C. (2019), "Analysis on characteristics of composite structure support system in loess tunnel", Ph.D. Thesis, Highway School, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China.
  41. Wang, Z.C., Du, K., Xie, Y.L., Su, X.L., Shi, Y.F., Li, X. and Liu, T. (2021a), "Buckling analysis of an innovative type of steel-concrete composite support in tunnels", J. Construct. Steel Res., 179, 106503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106503.
  42. Wang, Z.C., Shi; Y.F., Xie; Y.L., Zhang, M.Z., Liu, T. and Li, C. (2021b), "Support characteristic of a novel type of support in loess tunnels using the convergence-confinement method", Int. J. Geomech., In Press.
  43. Wang, Z.C., Su, X.L., Lai, H.P., Xie, Y.L., Qin, Y.W. and Liu, T. (2021c), "Conception and evaluation of a novel type of support in loess tunnels", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 35(1), 04020144. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001533.
  44. Wang, Z.C., Xie, Y.L., Liu, H.Q. and Feng, Z.H. (2021d), "Analysis on deformation and structural safety of a novel concrete-filled steel tube support system in loess tunnel", Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 25(1), 39-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2018.1515665.
  45. Wu, H., Zhong, Y.J., Xu, W., Shi, W.S.Y., Shi, X.H. and Liu, T. (2020), "Experimental investigation of ground and air temperature fields of a cold-region road tunnel in NW China", Adv. Civ. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4732490.
  46. Wu, K., Shao, Z., Qin, S., Wei, W. and Chu, Z. (2021), "A critical review on the performance of yielding supports in squeezing tunnels", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 114(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.103815.
  47. Xue, Y.G., Zhang, X.L., Li, S.C., Qiu, D.H., Su, M.X., Xu, Z.H., Zhou, B.H. and Xia, T. (2019), "Sensitivity analysis of loess stability to physical and mechanical properties: Assessment model", Int. J. Geomech., 19(7), 06019012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001400.
  48. Yoo, C. and Choi, J. (2018), "Effect of construction sequence on three-arch tunnel behavior-Numerical investigation", Geomech. Eng., 15(3), 911-917. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.3.911.
  49. Zhang, J.C., Yan, Q.X., Sun, M.H., Li, B.J., Chen, W.Y. and Chen, H. (2021a), "Experimental study on the vibration damping of two parallel shield tunnels connected by an assembled transverse passage", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 107, 103659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103659.
  50. Zhang, W.J., Li, W.T., Yang, N., Wang, Q., Li, T.C. and Wang, G. (2017), "Determination of the bearing capacity of a concrete-filled steel tubular arch support for tunnel engineering: Experimental and theoretical studies", KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 21(7), 2932-2945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1418-8.
  51. Zhang, Y.J., Su, K., Qian, Z.D. and Wu, H.G. (2019a), "Improved longitudinal displacement profile and initial support for tunnel excavation", KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 23(6), 2746-2755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0411-9.
  52. Zhang, Y.W., Weng, X.L., Song, Z.P. and Sun, Y.F. (2019b), "Modeling of loess soaking induced impacts on a metro tunnel using a water soaking system in centrifuge", Geofluids. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5487952.
  53. Zhang, Y.W., Yang, T. and Liu, T. (2021b), "Seismic performance of mortise-groove prefabricated metro station based on dynamic constitutive model", Shock Vib. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8873212.
  54. Zhang, Z.P., Zhou, Z.J., Guo, T., Xu, T.Y. and Zhu, L.X. (2021c), "A measuring method for layered compactness of loess subgrade based on hydraulic compaction", Meas. Sci. Technol., 32(4).
  55. Zheng, H.B., Li, P.F., Ma, G.W. (2021), "Stability analysis of the middle soil pillar for asymmetric parallel tunnels by using model testing and numerical simulations", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 108, 103686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103686
  56. Zhou, S.H., Tian, Z.Y., Di, H.G., Guo, P.J. and Fu, L.L. (2020), "Investigation of a loess-mudstone landslide and the induced structural damage in a high-speed railway tunnel", B. Eng. Geol. Environ., 79(5), 2201-2212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01711-y.
  57. Zhu, Y.M., Chen, L., Zhang, H., Zhou, Z.L. and Chen, S.G. (2019), "Physical and mechanical characteristics of soft rock tunnel and the effect of excavation on supporting structure", Appl. Sci., 9(8), 1517. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9081517.

Cited by

  1. Ground fissures geology in Xi’an and failure mitigation measures for utility tunnel system due to geohazard vol.14, pp.13, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07189-x