Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association (지역연구)

Korean Regional Science Association (한국지역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors Affecting Community Resilience in the Process of Environmental Pollution Purification: Focusing on the Restoration of Soil Pollution around the Janghang Smelter

환경오염 정화 과정에 나타난 지역공동체 회복력 영향 요인: 장항제련소 토양오염 복구를 중심으로

  • 이진욱 (한경대학교 식물자원조경학부 조경학전공)
  • Received : 2021.08.03
  • Accepted : 2021.12.21
  • Published : 2021.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the community's capacity and hindrance factors affecting the community's activities by exploring the process of restoring the community's environmental pollution. This study examined the community activities related to the restoration of pollution that occurred at the former Janghang smelter in Seocheon-gun. The results of this study showed that leaders, cooperative resources, and the media were elements positively influencing the recovery of the community. The starting point that became the driving force for community activities was the presence of a leader who had a small stake in it. Moreover, it required cooperation such as the continuous interest of local active groups and residents to continue this effort. Above all, the media publicized the incident and amplified the activities of members. Meanwhile, there were various conflicts hindering the activities of local communities in the process of restoring the pollution such as the internal conflicts of community groups, conflicts between residents and active groups, and conflicts with the government. The behaviors that appeared in the process of restoring the pollution revealed a form of united governance. Moreover, they changed from an initial "supportive" character to "resistant" and "defensive" activities. Later, it was transformed into "subjective" and "creative" activities.

이 연구는 공동체의 환경오염 복구 과정을 탐색하여 공동체 회복에 영향을 미친 공동체의 역량 및 저해요인 등을 탐색하는 것이다. 서천군 구 장항제련소에서 발생한 오염 복구와 관련한 공동체 활동을 사례로 연구하였다. 연구 결과, 공동체의 회복에 긍정적 영향을 주는 요인은 리더, 협력 자원, 언론 등의 요소가 있었다. 공동체 회복을 위한 원동력에는 이해관계가 적은 리더의 존재가 있었으며, 공동체 회복을 지속하는 데에는 주변 지역의 단체와 지역 주민들의 지속적인 관심 등의 협력이 필요했다. 무엇보다, 언론은 사건을 외부로 공론화하고 구성원의 활동을 증폭시키는 역할을 하였다. 한편, 오염정화 과정에서 단체 내부의 갈등, 주민과 활동 단체와의 갈등, 정부와의 갈등 등 공동체의 회복을 저해하는 요소가 존재했다. 공동체 회복 과정에서 보인 활동들은 연합된 거버넌스의 모습을 보였으며, 초기엔 '지원적'인 성격에서 이후 '저항적'이고 '방어적' 활동으로, 그리고 '주체적'이고 '창조적'인 모습으로 변화하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 한경대학교 2020년도 학술연구조성비의 지원에 의한 것임.

References

  1. 김도균, 2014, 「환경오염 사고의 이차적 피해와 복구과정」. 사회과학연구, 25(3), pp.267-295.
  2. 김상민, 2016, 「주민자치와 협력적 마을만들기」 한국지방자치학회보, 28(1), pp.181-209.
  3. 김주용, 1993, 「서울지역 및 장항제련소지역의 토양과 분진중의 중금속 원소의 분산에 관한 연구」. (국내석사학위논문), 서울대학교 대학원, 서울.
  4. 양수철, 2006, 「왜 그런대유」. 서천: 디아이택.
  5. 우상덕, 2010, 「장항제련소 주변 토양 내 중금속 분포에 관한 연구」. (국내석사학위논문), 한남대학교 일반대학원, 대전.
  6. 임슬예.유승훈, 2016, 「장항제련소 토양오염 정화사업의 비용-편익 분석」.
  7. 임진우, 2014, 「세척효율과 토양기능을 고려한 (구)장항제련소 비소 오염토양의 토양세척법 개발 및 평가」. (국내 석사학위논문), 서울대학교 대학원, 서울.
  8. 조석주.박기관, 2004, 「이장제도 운영의 실태 분석 및 발전 방안」. 한국지방자치학회보, 16(1), pp.73-92.
  9. 채상원.신혜란, 2017, 「도시 비공식성과 공식성의 상호구성: 김포시 개별입지공장을 사례로」. 대한지리학회지, 52(3), pp.305-320.
  10. 최진식, 2015, 「마을공동체 사업의 핵심적 성공요인」. 공동체발전 국민포럼, 한국정책학회 기획세미나 발표자료집.
  11. Adger, W. N., 2000, Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in human geography, 24(3), pp.347-364. https://doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540465
  12. Adger, W. N., Hughes, T. P., Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., & Rockstrom, J., 2005, Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters. science, 309(5737), pp.1036-1039. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112122
  13. Akamani, K., 2012, A community resilience model for understanding and assessing the sustainability of forest-dependent communities. Human Ecology Review, pp.99-109.
  14. Akamani, K., & Hall, T. E., 2015, Determinants of the process and outcomes of household participation in collaborative forest management in Ghana: A quantitative test of a community resilience model. Journal of environmental management, 147, pp.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.09.007
  15. Alshehri, S. A., Rezgui, Y., & Li, H., 2015, Delphi-based consensus study into a framework of community resilience to disaster. Natural Hazards, 75(3), pp.2221-2245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1423-x
  16. Antle, J. M., Capalbo, S. M., Elliott, E. T., & Paustian, K. H., 2004, Adaptation, spatial heterogeneity, and the vulnerability of agricultural systems to climate change and CO 2 fertilization: an integrated assessment approach. Climatic Change, 64(3), pp.289-315. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000025748.49738.93
  17. Berkes, F., & Ross, H., 2013, Community resilience: toward an integrated approach. Society & Natural Resources, 26(1), pp.5-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2012.736605
  18. Bishop, P., & Williams, L., 2012, The temporary city: Routledge London.
  19. Chandra, A., Acosta, J., Howard, S., Uscher-Pines, L., Williams, M., Yeung, D., ... Meredith, L. S., 2011, Building community resilience to disasters: A way forward to enhance national health security. Rand health quarterly, 1(1).
  20. Cumming, G. S., 2011, Spatial resilience: integrating landscape ecology, resilience, and sustainability. Landscape Ecology, 26(7), pp.899-909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9623-1
  21. Cumming, G. S., Barnes, G., Perz, S., Schmink, M., Sieving, K. E., Southworth, J., ... Van Holt, T., 2005, An exploratory framework for the empirical measurement of resilience. Ecosystems, 8(8), pp.975-987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0129-z
  22. Cutter, S. L., Ash, K. D., & Emrich, C. T., 2014, The geographies of community disaster resilience. Global environmental change, 29, pp.65-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.08.005
  23. Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J., 2008, A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global environmental change, 18(4), pp.598-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013
  24. Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G., & Emrich, C. T., 2010, Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7(1).
  25. Cutter, S. L., Emrich, C. T., Mitchell, J. T., Boruff, B. J., Gall, M., Schmidtlein, M. C., ... Melton, G., 2006, The long road home: Race, class, and recovery from Hurricane Katrina. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 48(2), pp.8-20. https://doi.org/10.3200/ENVT.48.2.8-20
  26. Eakin, H., Winkels, A., & Sendzimir, J., 2009, Nested vulnerability: exploring cross-scale linkages and vulnerability teleconnections in Mexican and Vietnamese coffee systems. Environmental Science & Policy, 12(4), pp.398-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2008.09.003
  27. Fox-Lent, C., Bates, M. E., & Linkov, I., 2015, A matrix approach to community resilience assessment: an illustrative case at Rockaway Peninsula. Environment Systems and Decisions, 35(2), pp.209-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-015-9555-4
  28. Frankenberger, T., Mueller, M., Spangler, T., & Alexander, S., 2013, Community resilience: Conceptual framework and measurement feed the future learning agenda. Rockville, MD: Westat, 1.
  29. Gawler, S., & Tiwari, S., 2014, ICLEI ACCCRN PROCESS building urban climate change resilience: A toolkit for local governments. ICLEI South Asia.
  30. Gunderson, L., 2010, Ecological and human community resilience in response to natural disasters. Ecology and Society, 15(2).
  31. Kelly, C., Ferrara, A., Wilson, G. A., Ripullone, F., Nole, A., Harmer, N., & Salvati, L., 2015, Community resilience and land degradation in forest and shrubland socio-ecological systems: Evidence from Gorgoglione, Basilicata, Italy. Land Use Policy, 46, pp.11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.01.026
  32. Klein, R. J., Nicholls, R. J., & Thomalla, F., 2003, The resilience of coastal megacities to weather-related hazards. Building Safer Cities, pp.101-120.
  33. Klein, R. J., Nicholls, R. J., & Thomalla, F., 2003, Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept? Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 5(1-2), pp.35-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazards.2004.02.001
  34. Leykin, D., Lahad, M., Cohen, O., Goldberg, A., & Aharonson-Daniel, L., 2013, Conjoint community resiliency assessment measure-28/10 items (CCRAM28 and CCRAM10): A self-report tool for assessing community resilience. American Journal of Community Psychology, 52(3-4), pp.313-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-013-9596-0
  35. MacQueen, K. M., McLellan, E., Metzger, D. S., Kegeles, S., Strauss, R. P., Scotti, R., Trotter, R. T., 2001, What is community? An evidencebased definition for participatory public health. American journal of public health, 91(12), pp.1929-1938. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.12.1929
  36. Manyena, B., O'Brien, G., O'Keefe, P., & Rose, J., 2011, Disaster resilience: a bounce back or bounce forward ability? Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 16(5), pp.417-424. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2011.583049
  37. Masterson, J. H., Peacock, W. G., Van Zandt, S. S., Grover, H., Schwarz, L. F., & Cooper, J. T., 2014, Planning for community resilience: Island Press.
  38. Merriam, S. B., 1998, Qualitative Research and Case Study Application in Education; Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, CA, USA.
  39. Miles, S. B., 2015, Foundations of community disaster resilience: Well-being, identity, services, and capitals. Environmental Hazards, 14(2), pp.103-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2014.999018
  40. Mulligan, M., Steele, W., Rickards, L., & Funfgeld, H., 2016, Keywords in planning: what do we mean by 'community resilience'? International Planning Studies, 21(4), pp.348-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2016.1155974
  41. Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L., 2008, Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American journal of community psychology, 41(1-2), pp.127-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6
  42. Peacock, W. G., Brody, S. D., Seitz, W. A., Merrell, W. J., Vedlitz, A., Zahran, S., Stickney, R., 2010, Advancing Resilience of Coastal Localities: Developing, Implementing, and Sustaining the Use of Coastal Resilience Indicators: A Final Report. Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center.
  43. Pfefferbaum, R., Pfefferbaum, B., & Van Horn, R., 2011, Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART): The CART integrated system. Oklahoma City: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Terrorism and Disaster Center. In.
  44. Rapaport, C., Hornik-Lurie, T., Cohen, O., Lahad, M., Leykin, D., & Aharonson-Daniel, L., 2018, The relationship between community type and community resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, pp.470-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.05.020
  45. Rowcliffe, P., Lewis, M., & Port, A., 2000, The community resilience manual: A resource for rural recovery & renewal. Centre for Community Enterprise.
  46. Satterthwaite, D., & Dodman, D., 2013, Towards resilience and transformation for cities within a finite planet. In: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England.
  47. Stake, R. E., Qualitative case studies. In The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research; Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S., Eds.; Sage Publications Ltd.: London, UK, 2005; pp.443-466.
  48. Team, A. S., 2010, Community economic resilience index. Birmingham, UK.
  49. Timmerman, P., 1981, Vulnerability, resilience and the collapse of society. Environmental Monograph 1. Institute for Environmental Studies, Toronto University.
  50. Twigg, J., 2009, Characteristics of a disaster-resilient community: a guidance note (version 2).
  51. UNDP, 2014a, Community Based Resilience Analysis (CoBRA): Conceptual Framework and Methodology.
  52. UNDP, 2014b, Understanding Community Resilience: Findings from Community-Based Resilience Analysis (CoBRA) Assessments.
  53. Yin, R. K., 1994, Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 2nd ed.; Sage Publications: New York, NY, USA.
  54. 기획재정부.행정안전부.지식경제부.환경부.국토해양부.충남도.서천군, 2009, 「舊 장항제련소 주변지역 토양 오염 개선 종합대책(안)」.
  55. 네이버 뉴스라이브러리 http://newslibrary.naver.com
  56. 뉴스서천 www.newssc.co.kr/
  57. 매일신문 http://news.imaeil.com/page/view/2018121916540705309
  58. 빅카인즈 https://www.bigkinds.or.kr
  59. 엠비씨뉴스 http://imnews.imbc.com/replay/2007/nwdesk/article/2043529_18813.htm