한국자원식물학회지 (Korean Journal of Plant Resources)

  • 제33권6호
  • /
  • Pages.597-603
  • /
  • 2020
  • /
  • 1226-3591(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-8203(eISSN)
한국자원식물학회 (The Plant Resources Society of Korea)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Biological Activities and Metabolite Analysis of Various Extracts and Fractions from Red Ginseng Marc

  • Lee, Dong Gyu (Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jang, Ik Soon (Division of Analytical Science Korea Basic Science Institute) ;
  • Kang, Young-Hwa (Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University)
  • 투고 : 2020.06.08
  • 심사 : 2020.07.23
  • 발행 : 2020.12.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Red ginseng marc (RGM) has been used on primary industries using fertilizer or forage, and it mostly has been dumped. To improve utilization of RGM, the biological activities of RGM were examined. RGM was extracted and fractionated using various solvents and their biological activities were compared. The hexane fraction from the methanol extract of RGM (RGMMH) showed strong anti-cancer activity (58.56 ± 6.04% at 100 ㎍/mL) and anti-inflammatory effect (65.72 ± 1.33% at 100 ㎍/mL). But, oil extract of RGM extracted with hexane (RGMH) showed low activities (anti-cancer: 16.42 ± 3.33%, at 100 ㎍/mL, anti-inflammatory activity: 29.46 ± 2.10%, at 100 ㎍/mL). Their metabolites were analyzed using HPLC. Panaxydol known as anti-cancer compound of RGM was one of major compounds in RGMMH. Meanwhile, panaxydol was detected in trace amount in red ginseng marc oil (RGMH). In addition, RGMMH and RGMH showed big differences in HPLC profiling. This research suggests optimal extraction method of RGM oil.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Attele, A.S., J.A. Wu and C.-S. Yuan. 1999. Ginseng pharmacology: Multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58:1685-1693. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9
  2. Baeg, I.-H. and S.-H. So. 2013. The world ginseng market and the ginseng (Korea). J. Ginseng Res. 37:1-7. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.1
  3. Bak, M.-J., S.-G. Hong, J.-W. Lee and W.-S. Jeong. 2012. Red ginseng marc oil inhibits iNOS and COX-2 via NFκB and p38 pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Molecules 17:13769-13786. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171213769
  4. Cho, I.-H. 2012. Effects of Panax ginseng in neurodegenerative diseases. J. Ginseng Res. 36:342-353. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.342
  5. Choi, K.T. 2008. Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng CA Meyer. Acta. Pharmacol. Sin. 29:1109-1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00869.x
  6. Wang, C.-Z., Anderson, S., Du, W., He, T.-C. and Y. C.-S 2016. Red ginseng and cancer treatment. Chin. J. Nat. Medicines.14: 7-16. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1009.2016.00007
  7. Han, B., M. Park, L. Woo, W. Woo and Y. Han. 1979. Antioxidant components of Korean ginseng. Korean Biochem. J. 12:12-33.
  8. Jin, Y., Y.-J. Kim, J.-N. Jeong, C. Wang, J.-W. Min, S.-Y. Jung and D.-C.Yang. 2012. Changes of ginsenosides and physiochemical properties in ginseng by new 9 repetitive steaming and drying process. Korean J. Plant Res. 25:473-481. https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2012.25.4.473
  9. Jung, Y.M., H. Oh and S.T. Kang. 2015. Quality characteristics of muffins added with red ginseng marc powder. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 44:1050-1057. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.7.1050
  10. Kim, K., Y. Um, D.-H. Jeong, H.-J. Kim, M.-J. Kim and K.-S. Jeon. 2019. The correlation between growth characteristics and location environment of wild-simulated ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer). Korean J. Plant Res. 32:463-470.
  11. Korhonen, R., A. Lahti, H. Kankaanranta and E. Moilanen. 2005. Nitric oxide production and signaling in inflammation. Inflamm. Allergy. Drug Targets 4:471-479. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568010054526359
  12. Lee, J.W., E.J. Mo, J.E. Choi, Y.H. Jo, H. Jang, J.Y. Jeong, Q. Jin, H.N. Chung, B.Y. Hwang and M.K. Lee. 2016. Effect of Korean red ginseng extraction conditions on antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content: optimization using response surface methodology. J. Ginseng Res. 40:229-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.001
  13. Lee, S.-H., M. Oh, J. Park, S.Y. Jang, S.H. Cheong, H. Lee and S.-H. Moon. 2015a. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of fermented red ginseng marc. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 24:651-657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-015-0085-0
  14. Lee, S.D., G. Yoo, H.J. Chae, M.-J. In, N.-S. Oh, Y.K. Hwang, W.I. Hwang and D.C. Kim. 2009. Lipid-soluble extracts as the main source of anticancer activity in ginseng and ginseng marc. J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc. 86:1065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-009-1460-x
  15. Lee, S.M., B.-S. Bae, H.-W. Park, N.-G. Ahn, B.-G. Cho, Y.-L. Cho and Y.-S. Kwak. 2015b. Characterization of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): History, preparation method, and chemical composition. J. Ginseng Res. 39: 384-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.04.009
  16. Lee, S.Y., Y.K. Kim, N.I. Park, C.S. Kim, C.Y. Lee and S.U. Park. 2010. Chemical constituents and biological activities of the berry of Panax ginseng. J. Med. Plants Res. 5:349-353.
  17. Lim, T.-G., C.C. Lee, Z. Dong and K.W. Lee. 2015. Ginsenosides and their metabolites: A review of their pharmacological activities in the skin. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 307:397-403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-015-1569-8
  18. Marcocci, L., J.J. Maguire, M.T. Droylefaix and L. Packer. 1994. The nitric oxide-scavenging properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Co. 201:748-755. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1764
  19. Park, H.-J., D.-H. Jung, H.-M. Joo, N.-S. Kang, S.-A. Jang, J.-G. Lee and E.-H. Sohn. 2010. The comparative study of anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects by fermented red ginseng and red ginseng. Korean J. Plant Res. 23:415-422.
  20. Seo, H.-J., H.J. Eo, H.J. Kim, K.S. Jeon, G.H. Park, S.C. Hong and J.B. Jeong. 2020. Effects of cultivated wild Panax ginseng extract on the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Korean J. Plant Res. 33:227-236. https://doi.org/10.7732/KJPR.2020.33.4.227
  21. Re, R., N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang and C. Rice-Evans. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Bio. Med. 26:1231-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  22. Shin, H.R., J.Y. Kim, T.K. Yun, G. Morgan and H. Vainio. 2000. The cancer-preventive potential of Panax ginseng: A review of human and experimental evidence. Cancer Cause. Control 11:565-576. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008980200583
  23. Singleton, V.L. and J.A. Rossi. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Viticult. 16:144-158.
  24. Sohn, E.-H., J.W. Yoon, H.J. Koo, D.W. Park, Y.J. Jeong, S. NamKoong, H.-S. Han and S.C. Kang. 2012. Immunomodulating effects of red ginseng on the regulation of cytokine release in vivo. Korean J. Plant Res. 25:578-585. https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2012.25.5.578
  25. Song, J.-Y., M. Akhalaia, A. Platonov, H.-D. Kim, I.-S. Jung, Y.-S. Han and Y.-S. Yun. 2004. Effects of polysaccharide ginsan from Panax ginseng on liver function. Arch. Pharm. Res. 27:531-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980127
  26. Song, J.-Y., S.-K. Han, K.-G. Bae, D.-S. Lim, S.-J. Son, I.-S. Jung, S.-Y. Yi and Y.-S. Yun. 2003. Radioprotective effects of ginsan, an immunomodulator. Radiat. Res. 159: 768-774. https://doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0768:REOGAI]2.0.CO;2
  27. Sun, Y. 2011. Structure and biological activities of the polysaccharides from the leaves, roots and fruits of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: An overview. Carbohyd. Polym. 85:490-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.033
  28. Twentyman, P.R. and M. Luscombe. 1987. A study of some variables in a tetrazolium dye (MTT) based assay for cell growth and chemosensitivity. Brit. J. Cancer 56:279-285. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1987.190
  29. Wang, J., C. Sun, Y. Zheng, H. Pan, Y. Zhou and Y. Fan. 2014. The effective mechanism of the polysaccharides from Panax ginseng on chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch. Pharm. Res. 37:530-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-013-0235-y
  30. Yoo, G., S.D. Lee, M.-J. In, W.I. Hwang, K.S. Lee, E.S. Lee, D.C. Kim and H.J. Chae. 2009. An alternative sequential extraction process for maximal utilization of bioactive components from Korean red ginseng. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 26:1094-1097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-009-0182-y
  31. Yun, T.-K. 2001. Panax ginseng-a non-organ-specific cancer preventive?. Lancet Oncol. 2:49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(00)00196-0