한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지 (Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information)

  • 제25권11호
  • /
  • Pages.277-286
  • /
  • 2020
  • /
  • 1598-849X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2383-9945(eISSN)
한국컴퓨터정보학회 (Korean Society of Computer Information)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Programming Concepts of Programming Education Experts through Delphi and Conceptual Metaphor Analysis

  • Kim, Dong-Man (Dept. of Computer Education, Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Lee, Tae-Wuk (Dept. of Computer Education, Korea National University of Education)
  • 투고 : 2020.09.21
  • 심사 : 2020.11.14
  • 발행 : 2020.11.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

이 연구의 목적은 전문가 집단을 대상으로 프로그래밍 교육에 필요한 프로그래밍 개념의 구성원을 도출하여 학습자의 개념화를 돕는데 있다. 이를 위해 변수, 연산자, 제어 구조 등의 프로그래밍 요소를 질적 연구 방법인 개념적 메타포 분석 방법을 적용하여 프로그래밍 교육 전문가 집단이 형성한 개념의 전형적 속성을 확인하고 델파이 연구 방법을 통해 타당성을 확보하였다. 이 연구의 결과로 프로그래밍 개념의 전형적 속성 17가지를 도출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 내린 결론은 프로그래밍 교육에서 학습자가 1)변수 개념은 데이터를 저장하는 방법, 이름을 정하는 방법, 변수의 주소가 갖는 의미, 값을 변하게 하는 방법, 변수의 다양한 형태, 변수가 갖는 크기의 의미 등, 2)연산자 개념은 사칙 연산 방법, 논리적인 처리 방법, 우선순위에 따른 연결 방법, 연산 기호의 의미, 비교하는 방법 등, 3)제어 구조 개념은 실행 흐름 제어 방법, 참/거짓으로 논리적 판단 방법, 실행 규칙 설정 방법, 선택적 실행 방법, 순차적 실행의 의미, 반복적 실행 방법 등을 이해하도록 교육 내용을 보다 구체적으로 설정해야 한다는 것이다.

In this paper, we propose a new educational approach to help learners form concepts by identifying the properties of programming concepts targeting a group of experts in programming education. Therefore, we confirmed the typical properties of concepts by programming education experts for programming learning elements through conceptual metaphor analysis, which is a qualitative research method, and confirmed the validity through the delphi method. As a result of this study, we identified 17 typical properties of programming concepts that learners should form in programming education. The conclusions of this study are that need to compose the educational content more specifically for the conceptualization of learners' programming as follows: 1)the concept of a variable is to understand how to store data, how to set a name, what an address has, how to change a value, various types of variables, and the meaning of the size of a variable, 2)the concept of operator is to understand how to operate the four rules, how to deal with it logically, how to connect according to priority, meaning of operation symbols, and how to compare, 3)the concept of the control structure is to understand how to control the execution flow, how to make a logical judgment, how to set an execution rule, meaning of sequential execution, and how to repeat executing.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Lan Jeong, "Analysis of characteristics of novice programmers and teaching schemes," Journal of Theses Collection. Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 388-411, 1996.
  2. Fleury, A. E., "Programming in Java: student-constructed rules," ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 197-201, Jan. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1145/331795.331854
  3. Eckerdal, A. and Thune, M., "Novice Java programmers' conceptions of object and class, and variation theory," ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 89-93, Jun. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1145/1151954.1067473
  4. Siti Rosminah, M. D. and Ahmad Zamzuri, M. A., "Difficulties in learning programming: Views of students," 1st International Conference on Current Issues in Education, Sep. 2012. DOI: 10.13140/2.1.1055.7441
  5. Young-Ah Jo, "Prototype Theory And Problem of Compositio nality," Journal of Korean philosophical society. Vol. 132, No. -, pp. 151-184, Dec. 2014.
  6. Bongju Kim, "Conception-Foundation of Semantics," Seoul:Han-Shin Media, Jan. 1996.
  7. Kyungsu Wang, "An Alternative View of Concept Learning and its Educational Implications," The Journal of Curriculum and Evaluation. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 97-118, May. 2008. https://doi.org/10.29221/jce.2008.11.1.97
  8. Linn, M. C. and Dalbey, J., "Cognitive consequences of Programming Instruction: Instruction, Access, and Ability," Educational Psychologist. Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 191-206, Sep. 1985. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2004_4
  9. Kwon, K., "Student's misconception of programming reflected on problem-solving plans," International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools. Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 14-25, Oct. 2017. DOI: 10.21585/ijcses.v1i4.19
  10. Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M., "Metaphors we live by," Chicago:University of Chicago Press, Dec. 2008.
  11. Robert Bullough and Gitlin, A, Becoming a Student of Teaching:Methodologies for Exploring Self and School Context. Teaching Education. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 167-170, Jul. 2006. DOI: 10.1080/1047621960080123
  12. Moser, K. S., "Metaphor analysis in phychology-method, theory, and fields of application," Forum: Qualitative Social Research(on-line journal). Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 22-31, Jun. 2000.
  13. Schmitt, R., "Systematic metaphor analysis as a method of qualitative research," The Qualitative Report. Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 358-394, Jun. 2005.
  14. Dong-Man Kim and Tae-Wuk Lee, "Understanding about Novice Learner's Programming Conception by Prototype Theory. The Journal of the Korea society of computer and information. Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 251-260, Mar. 2020.
  15. O. Helmer and N. Rescher, "On the epistemology of the inexact sciences," The Journal of Management Science. Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 5-52, Oct. 1958.
  16. Anderson, E. T., "Important distance education practices: A delphi study of administrators and coordinators of distance education programs in Higher Education," Ph. D. Thesis. University of Idaho, Jan. 1997.
  17. Yong-Joo Kang, "Understanding and application examples of Delphi technique," Seongnam: Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled, Jul. 2008.
  18. Seung-Yong Noh, "Delphi technique: predicting the future with expert insight," The Journal of Korea Research Institute For Human Settlements. Vol. 299. No. 9, pp. 53-62, Sep. 2006.
  19. Lawshe, C. H., "A quantitative approach to content validity," Personnel Psychology. Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 563-588, Jul. 1975. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  20. Ayre C. and Andrew John Scally, "Critical Values for Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 79-86, Dec. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808
  21. Sung-Jin Song and Do-Keun Yoon, "A Study on the prospection of Long Term Care facilities by Delphi Technique," The Journal of Architectural Institute of Korea. Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 85-93, Jul. 1992.
  22. Gok, B. and Erdorgam, T., "Investigation of pre-service teachers' perceptions about concept of technology through metaphor analysis," The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology. Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 145-160, Apr. 2010.
  23. In-hwan Oh, "Social Research Methodology-Focusing on Error Factors," Paju: Nanam Publishing, Jul. 1995.
  24. Kyung Sun Oh and Seong Jin Ahn, "A study on the relationship between difficulty in learning to program and Computational Thinking," The Journal of Korean association of computer education. Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 55-62, Sep. 2015. https://doi.org/10.32431/KACE.2015.18.5.006
  25. Young Beom Oh, Hyun Cheol Lee and Sang Won Jeong, "Qualitative Data Analysis Bluebird 2.0 Software," Seoul:Academy Press, Apr. 2016.