Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회논문지)

Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Vertical Combustion and Carbonization Patterns of Floor Materials When Using a Needle Flame

니들 플레임에 의한 바닥재의 수직 연소 및 탄화 패턴의 해석에 관한 연구

  • Park, Min-Su (Dept. of Fire Safety Engineering, Jeonju University) ;
  • Choi, Chung-Seog (Dept. of Fire Safety Engineering, Jeonju University)
  • 박민수 (전주대학교 소방안전공학과 대학원) ;
  • 최충석 (전주대학교 소방안전공학과)
  • Received : 2019.12.26
  • Accepted : 2020.08.19
  • Published : 2020.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study analyzed flame growth characteristics and carbonization patterns when floor materials were burned vertically using a needle flame produced for this study. It was found that PVC flooring was fire retardant and the area under direct flame contracted inward. Vertical combustion causes solidification in the form of a lump at the bottom and also generates soot in a pattern that progresses upwards. This study found that laminated flooring exhibited no fire retarding characteristics and that the laminated layer of its upper surface was destroyed by fire, causing irregular delamination. The carbonization ranges at the left and right sides were determined to be symmetrical. A vertical combustion test of a sample carpet showed that it exhibited no fire-retarding characteristics. It was observed that if heat accumulated in the carpet, the flame formed an ascending air current, and that when flammable materials were present around the flame, they further accelerated the diffusion of the flame. The carbonization pattern at the carpet surface exposed to direct flame revealed that the carpet surface had melted and had flown downwards and that many tiny holes formed on it.

자체 제작된 니들 플레임을 이용하여 바닥재를 수직 연소시켰을 때의 화염의 성장 특성 및 탄화 패턴을 해석하였다. PVC 장판은 난연성이 있는 것으로 확인되었고, 직사 화염을 받은 곳은 안쪽으로 수축되는 패턴을 나타냈다. 수직 연소가 진행되면 하부에 망울 형태의 고형화가 발생하며, 그을음은 상부로 성장하는 패턴이 형성된다. 강화마루는 난연성이 없는 것으로 확인되었으며, 상부 표면인 라미네이트층의 소실과 불규칙적인 박리가 형성되는 것을 알 수 있다. 좌측면과 우측면의 탄화의 범위는 대칭적 구조를 나타내는 것으로 해석된다. 강화마루와 마찬가지로 카펫은 수직 연소 실험에서 난연성이 없는 것이 확인되었다. 카펫에 축열이 형성되면 화염은 상승기류를 형성하고, 주변에 가연성 물질이 있을 때 화염의 확산은 더욱 촉진하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 직사화염을 받은 카펫 표면의 탄화 패턴은 표면이 용융되어 흘러내렸을 뿐만 아니라 작은 구멍이 다수 발생되는 것을 알 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ministry of Public Safety and Security, "Fire Statistic Status", National Fire Date System (2017).
  2. H. S. Joe and C. S. Choi, "Flame Propagation Rate of Flammable Liquid by Oil Flow Test Experiment of Division Fire", Proceedings of 2014 Spring Annual Conference, Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, pp. 145-146 (2014).
  3. H. S. Joe and C. S. Choi, "Analysis of Fire Patterns of Flammable Liquids for Oil Flow Tests of Compartment Fires with Reduced Simulation", Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 43-48 (2014). https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2014.28.3.043
  4. H. S. Joe and C. S. Choi, "A Study on Combustion Patterns of Flammable Liquids by Contained Oil Test", Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 14-20 (2014). https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2014.28.4.014
  5. H. S. Joe, C. S. Choi, "A Study on the Flame Pattern of Contained Flammable Liquid for PVC Vessel", Proceedings of 2014 Fall Annual Conference, Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, pp. 3-4 (2014).
  6. H. S. Joe, J. O. Lee and C. S. Choi, "Propagation Speed and Characteristic Analysis of Flame in Compartment Fires of Flammable Liquids", Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 31-36 (2015). https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2015.29.3.031
  7. H. S. Joe and C. S. Choi, "Burning Behavior When Gasoline is Burned in a Glass Container", Proceedings of 2016 Fall Annual Conference, Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, pp. 73-74 (2016).
  8. H. S. Joe and C. S. Choi, "A Study on the Characteristics of Burning after Gasoline Spraying on Vinyl Floor", Proceedings of 2017 Fall Annual Conference, Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, pp. 29-30 (2017).
  9. H. S. Joe and C. S. Choi, "Growth Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Patterns of Flammable Liquid on a Vinyl Layer", Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 15-21 (2018).
  10. M. S. Park and C. S. Choi, "A Study on the Weight Reduction and Glass Transition Temperature of Vinyl linoleum for Indoor", Proceedings of 2018 Fall Annual Conference, Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, pp. 95-96 (2018).
  11. N. Platzer, "Manufacture and Processing of PVC", Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Letters, Vol. 20, No. 6, p. 350 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.130200612
  12. H. S. Joe, "A Study on the Examination Technique for the Fire Behavior and Carbonization Pattern of a Flammable Liquid", Ph.D. Thesis, Jeonju University, p. 123 (2016).
  13. J. K. Park, "A Study on the Oxygen Index Concentration for Residential Interior Materials", Master's Thesis, Pukyong National University. p. 13 (2016).
  14. J. K. Park, Y. J. Choi and J. W. Choi, "A Study on the Oxygen Index Concentration for Residential Interior Materials", Proceedings of 2016 Spring Annual Conference, Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, pp. 269-270 (2016).
  15. K. C. Lee, "A Study on the Thermal Stability of Carpets", Master's Thesis, Changwon National University, pp. 2-3 (2004).
  16. K. H. Park, S. Lee, J. Y. Song and K. C. Lee, "A study on the Thermal Stability of carpet in Air Condition", Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 362-367 (2006).
  17. M. S. Park, "A Study on the Characteristics of Combustion and Carbonization of Flooring Materials according to Combustion Test Methods", Master's Thesis, Jeonju University (2019).