Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

3D numerical investigation of segmental tunnels performance crossing a dip-slip fault

  • Zaheri, Milad (Department of geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of civil engineering, University of Tabriz) ;
  • Ranjbarnia, Masoud (Department of geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of civil engineering, University of Tabriz) ;
  • Dias, Daniel (School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology)
  • Received : 2019.07.11
  • Accepted : 2020.11.04
  • Published : 2020.11.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper numerically investigates the effects of a dip-slip fault (a normal or a reverse fault) movement on a segmental tunnel which transversely crosses either of this kind of faults. After calibration of the numerical model with results from literature of centrifuge physical tests, a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effects of various parameters such as the granular soil properties, the fault dip angle, the segments thickness, and their connections stiffnesses on the tunnel performance. The results are presented and discussed in terms of the ground surface and tunnel displacements along the longitudinal axis for each case of faulting. The gradient of displacements and deformations of the tunnel cross section are also analyzed. It is shown that when the fault dip angle becomes greater, the tunnel and ground surface displacements are smaller, in the case of reverse faulting. For this type of fault offset, increasing the tunnel buried depth causes tunnel displacements as well as ground surface settlements to enhance which should be considered in the design.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the University of Tabriz.

References

  1. Anastasopoulos, I. and Gazetas, G. (2007), "Foundation-structure systems over a rupturing normal fault: Part II. Analysis of the Kocaeli case histories", B. Earthq. Eng., 5(3), 277-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9030-9.
  2. Anastasopoulos, I., Callerio, A., Bransby, M., Davies, M., El Nahas, A., Faccioli, E., Gazetas, G., Masella, A., Paolucci, R. and Pecker, A. (2008), "Numerical analyses of fault-foundation interaction", B. Earthq. Eng., 6(4), 645-675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9078-1.
  3. Atkinson, J. (2007), The Mechanics of Soils and Foundations, CRC Press
  4. Baziar, M.H., Nabizadeh, A., Lee, C.J. and Hung, W.Y. (2014), "Centrifuge modeling of interaction between reverse faulting and tunnel", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 65, 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.04.008.
  5. Baziar, M.H., Nabizadeh, A., Mehrabi, R., Lee, C.J. and Hung, W.Y. (2016), "Evaluation of underground tunnel response to reverse fault rupture using numerical approach", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 83, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.11.005.
  6. Bransby, M., Davies, M. and Nahas, A.E. (2008), "Centrifuge modelling of normal fault-foundation interaction", B. Earthq. Eng., 6(4), 585-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9079-0.
  7. Bransby, M., Davies, M., El Nahas, A. and Nagaoka, S. (2008), "Centrifuge modelling of reverse fault-foundation interaction", B. Earthq. Eng., 6(4), 607-628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9080-7.
  8. Cai, Q.P., Peng, J.M., Ng, C.W.W., Shi, J.W. and Chen, X.X. (2019), "Centrifuge and numerical modelling of tunnel intersected by normal fault rupture in sand", Comput. Geotech., 111, 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.03.010.
  9. Do, N.A., Dias, D., Oreste, P. and Djeran-Maigre, I. (2014), "2D tunnel numerical investigation: the influence of the simplified excavation method on tunnel behaviour", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 32(1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-013-9690-y.
  10. Do, N.A., Dias, D., Oreste, P. and Djeran-Maigre, I. (2014), "Three-dimensional numerical simulation for mechanized tunnelling in soft ground: The influence of the joint pattern", Acta Geotechnica, 9(4), 673-694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-013-0279-7.
  11. Do, N.A., Dias, D., Oreste, P. and Djeran-Maigre, I. (2014), "Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 42, 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.02.001.
  12. Do, N.A., Dias, D. and Oreste, P. (2014), "2D seismic numerical analysis of segmental tunnel lining behaviour", B. New Zealand Soc. Earthq. Eng., 47(3), 206-216. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.47.3.206-216.
  13. Do, N.A., Dias, D. and Oreste, P. (2015), "3D numerical investigation on the interaction between mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground", Environ. Earth Sci., 73(5), 2101-2113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3561-6.
  14. Do, N.A., Dias, D. and Oreste, P. (2018), "Numerical investigation of segmental tunnel linings-comparison between the hyperstatic reaction method and a 3D numerical model", Geomech. Eng., 14(3), 293-299. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.14.3.293.
  15. Do, N.A., Dias, D., Oreste, P. and Djeran-Maigre, I. (2013), "2D numerical investigation of segmental tunnel lining behavior", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 37, 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.03.008.
  16. Do, N.A., Dias, D., Oreste, P. and Djeran-Maigre, I. (2014), "2D numerical investigations of twin tunnel interaction", Geomech. Eng., 6(3), 263-275. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.6.3.263.
  17. Do, N.A., Dias, D., Oreste, P. and Djeran-Maigre, I. (2014), "The behaviour of the segmental tunnel lining studied by the hyperstatic reaction method", Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 18(4), 489-510. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2013.872583.
  18. Gregor, T., Garrod, B. and Young, D. (2007), "Analyses of underground structures crossing an active fault in Coronado, California", Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2007 and the 33rd ITA/AITES Annual General Assembly, Prague, Czech Republic, May.
  19. Itasca (2005), Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3-Dimension (flac3d v3.1), Itasca Consulting Group.
  20. Kiani, M. (2016), "Effects of surface fault rupture on shallow segmental soil tunnels-centrifuge modeling", University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran (in Persian).
  21. Kiani, M., Akhlaghi, T. and Ghalandarzadeh, A. (2016), "Experimental modeling of segmental shallow tunnels in alluvial affected by normal faults", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 51, 108-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.005.
  22. Lin, M.L., Chung, C.F. and Jeng, F.S. (2006), "Deformation of overburden soil induced by thrust fault slip", Eng. Geol., 88(1-2), 70-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.08.004.
  23. Lin, M.L., Chung, C.F., Jeng, F.S. and Yao, T.C. (2007), "The deformation of overburden soil induced by thrust faulting and its impact on underground tunnels", Eng. Geol., 92(3-4), 110-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.03.008.
  24. Loukidis, D., Bouckovalas, G.D. and Papadimitriou, A.G. (2009), "Analysis of fault rupture propagation through uniform soil cover", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 29(11-12), 1389-1404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.04.003.
  25. Ng, C.W.W., Soomro, M.A. and Hong, Y. (2014), "Three-dimensional centrifuge modelling of pile group responses to side-by-side twin tunnelling", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 43, 350-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.05.002.
  26. Ranjbarnia, M., Zaheri, M. and Dias, D. (2020), "Three-dimensional finite difference analysis of shallow sprayed concrete tunnels crossing a reverse fault or a normal fault: A parametric study", Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 14, 998-1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0621-8.
  27. Soomro, M.A., Ng, C.W.W., Liu, K. and Memon, N.A. (2017), "Pile responses to side-by-side twin tunnelling in stiff clay: Effects of different tunnel depths relative to pile", Comput. Geotech., 84, 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.11.011.
  28. Wang, Z., Zhang, Z. and Gao, B. (2012), "Seismic behavior of the tunnel across active fault", Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, September.
  29. Zaheri, M., Ranjbarnia, M. and Oreste, P. (2019), "Performance of systematic fully grouted rockbolts and shotcreted layer in circular tunnel under the hydrostatic conditions using 3D finite difference approach", Geomech. Geoeng., 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2019.1648885.
  30. Zaheri, M., Ranjbarnia, M., Dias, D. and Oreste, P. (2020), "Performance of segmental and shotcrete linings in shallow tunnels crossing a transverse strike-slip faulting", Transport. Geotech., 23, 100333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2020.100333.