Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Extraction Characteristics of Dried Asian Lacquer by Solvents Before and After UV Degradation

자외선 열화 전후 건조 옻의 용매별 용출 특성

  • Park, Jongseo (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Schilling, Michael R. (Getty Conservation Institute) ;
  • Khanjian, Herant (Getty Conservation Institute) ;
  • Heginbotham, Arlen (J. Paul Getty Museum)
  • 박종서 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • Received : 2020.03.06
  • Accepted : 2020.04.06
  • Published : 2020.04.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To compare the cleaning effect of solvents such as water and ethanol used to clean lacquer relics, the components extracted with various solvents were analyzed. A freshly dried lacquer sample and a lacquer sample exposed to ultraviolet radiation for 24 days were treated with water, ethanol, acetone, and hexane, and the dissolved material was detected by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount extracted was significantly higher in acetone and ethanol than in hexane, a nonpolar solvent. Water, a highly polar solvent, was relatively efficient for extracting low-molecular-weight materials. After experiencing 24 days of ultraviolet radiation, the lacquer exhibited a significant increase of extracted materials compared with the nonexposed one. This may be due to the degradation of the urushiol chain in the form of polymers, resulting in the formation of low-molecular-weight polar substances, including dicarboxylic acids. In addition to the deterioration status of lacquer relics, such solvent extraction properties will be a crucial consideration in selecting the appropriate cleaning solvent.

건조칠기 유물 세척 시 사용되는 다양한 용매을 대상으로 클리닝 효과를 비교하기 위해 실험을 진행하였다. 건조칠과 자외선에 24일 노출시킨 건조칠에 물, 에탄올, 아세톤, 헥산을 가하여 녹아 나오는 물질을 열분해/GC/MS로 검출하였다. 용출되는 양은 아세톤과 에탄올에서 많았으며, 극성이 높은 용매인 물은 저분자량 용출에 비교적 효율이 좋았다. 비극성 용매인 헥산은 용출량이 매우 낮았다. UV에 24일 노출되어 열화가 많이 진행된 건조칠은 노출되기 전 건조칠에 비해 용출되는 물질이 크게 증가하였다. 열화가 되면서 고분자 형태의 우루시올 사슬이 절단되고 산화되는 과정을 거쳐 dicarboxylic acid를 포함한 저분자량의 극성 물질을 생성하기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 이와 같은 용출특성은 칠기유물을 클리닝하는 용매를 선택할 때 유물의 열화 상태와 더불어 중요한 참고자료가 될 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bamforth, N., 2004, Yomeimon of Toshogu. V&A Conservation Journal, 48, 8-9.
  2. Carretti, E., Bonini, M., Dei, L., Berrie, B.H., Angelova, L.V., Baglioni, P. and Weiss, R.G., 2010, New frontiers in materials science for art conservation: Responsive gels and beyond. Accounts of Chemical Research, 43(6), 751-760. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar900282h
  3. Coueignoux, C. and Rivers, S., 2015, Conservation of photodegraded Asian lacquer surfaces: Four case studies. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 54(1), 14-28. https://doi.org/10.1179/1945233014Y.0000000032
  4. Coueignoux, C., 2009, Aqueous cleaning of photodegraded east Asian lacquer: A case study. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 48(1), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1179/019713609804528089
  5. Kim, S. and Park, Y., 2006, Conservation for wooden objects and lacquer wares excavated from Sinchang-dong, Gwangju. Conservation Science in Museum, 7, 43-51. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.22790/CONSERVATION.2006.7.0043
  6. Kim, S. and Lee, K., 2007, Conservation for wooden lacquer ware excavated from Isong Sansung fortress. Conservation Science in Museum, 8, 41-47. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.22790/CONSERVATION.2007.8.0041
  7. Kim, S. and Yi, Y., 2004, Conservation for pocket of wooden dagger excavated from Sinchang-dong, Gwangju. Conservation Science in Museum, 5, 37-41. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.22790/CONSERVATION.2004.5.0037
  8. McSharry, C., Faulkner, R., Rivers, S. and Shaffer, M.S.P., Welton, T., 2011, Solvent effects on East Asian lacquer (Toxicodendron vernicifluum). In: Rivers, S., Faulkner, R. and Pretzel, B.(ed.), East Asian lacquer: Material Culture, Science and Conservation. Archetype Publications, London, 60-74.
  9. Oyabu, H. Asami, T. and Ogawa, T., 1998, Deterioration process of Urushi films by accelerated weathering test. Materials Life, 10(1), 43-51.
  10. Schellmann, N. and Rivers, S., 2005, Aqueous cleaning of photodegraded east Asian lacquer: A preliminary investigation of the effect of pH and ionic concentration on gloss and colour. Zeitschrift fur Kunsttechnologie und Konservierung, 19(2), 369-376.
  11. Schmuecker, E., 2007, The conservation and display of a Japanese helmet. Arms & Armour, 4(2), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1179/174962607X229889
  12. Schmuecker, 2011, An investigation into the cleaning of red lacquer(urushi). In: Rivers, S., Faulkner, R. and Pretzel, B. (ed.), East Asian lacquer: Material Culture, Science and Conservation. Archetype Publications, London, 173-183.
  13. Webb, M., 2000, Lacquer: Technology and conservation: A comprehensive guide to the technology and conservation of Asian and European lacuqer. Butterworth-Heinemann Series in Conservation and Museology, Oxford, 71-75.