Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Elevated CO2 and Elevated Temperature on the Growth Response and Regeneration Rate of Population of Halophytes - Suaeda japonica, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima and Suaeda glauca -

CO2 농도와 온도상승이 칠면초, 퉁퉁마디, 해홍나물 그리고 나문재의 생육 반응 및 개체군 재생율에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Ji-Eun (Department of Life science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Eui-Joo (Department of Life science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Eung-Pill (Invasive Alien Species Research Team, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Park, Jae-Hoon (Department of Life science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Yeon (Department of Life science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Park, Ji-Won (Department of Life science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Min (Department of Life science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Choi, Seung-Se (Team of National Ecosystem Survey, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • You, Young-Han (Department of Life science, Kongju National University)
  • 김지은 (국립공주대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 김의주 (국립공주대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 이응필 (국립생태원 외래생물연구팀) ;
  • 박재훈 (국립공주대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 이승연 (국립공주대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 박지원 (국립공주대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 이정민 (국립공주대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 최승세 (국립생태원 자연환경조사팀) ;
  • 유영한 (국립공주대학교 생명과학과)
  • Received : 2020.08.20
  • Accepted : 2020.09.08
  • Published : 2020.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We investigated the growth response and population regeneration of four halophyte species: Suaeda japonica, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima and Suaeda glauca, when climate change proceeds caused by increased CO2 concentration and temperature. The plants collected from habitat in 2018 were transplanted into Wagner pots, and cultivated for two years in greenhouse divided into a control (ambient condition) and a treatment (elevated CO2+elevated temperature). The shoot length of halophytes was measured in July of each year, and the population regeneration rate was measured in October 2019. The shoot lengths of S. japonica and S. glauca had no difference between control and treatment for two years. Those of S. europaea were longer in control than treatment for two years. Those of S. maritima had no difference between control and treatment in 2018 but were longer in control than treatment in 2019. In control, the shoot lengths of S. japonica, S. europaea and S. glauca had no difference between years while those of S. maritima were longer in 2018 than in 2019. In treatment, those of S. japonica, S. europaea and S. maritima were shorter in 2019 than 2018 but S. glauca had no difference between years. The regeneration rates of S. japonica, S. europaea and S. glauca were lower treatment than control, and there was no difference in the regeneration rate of S. maritima. In conclusion, if climate change progresses caused by the increase of CO2 concentration and temperature, the shoot lengths of S. japonica, S. europaea and S. maritima will be shortened, and the regeneration rate of population will be increased only in the S. maritima.

Keywords

References

  1. Andalo, C., B. Godelle, M. Lefranc, M. Mousseau and I. Till Bottraud. 1996. Elevated $CO_2$ decreases seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Global Change Biology 2: 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00057.x
  2. Arft, A.M., M.D. Gurevitch, J. Gurevitch, J.M. Alatalo, M.S. BretHarte, M. Dale and R.D. Hollister. 1999. Responses of tundra plants to experimental warming: meta-analysis of the international tundra experiment. Ecological Monographs 69: 491-511. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0491:ROTPTE]2.0.CO;2
  3. Baeten, L., P.D. Frenne, K. Verheyen, B.J. Graae and M. Hermy. 2010. Forest herbs in the face of global change: a single-species-multiple-threats approach for Anemone nemorosa. Plant Ecology and Evolution 143: 19-30. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2010.414
  4. Black, R.F. 1960. Effects of NaCl on the ion uptake and growth of Atriplex vesicaria Heward. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 13: 249-266. https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9600249
  5. Bowes, G. 1993. Facing the inevitable: plants and increasing atmospheric $CO_2$. Annual Review of Plant Biology 44: 309-332. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.44.060193.001521
  6. Bowes, G. 1996. Photosynthetic responses to changing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. In Photosynthesis and the Environment. Photosynthesis and the Environment 387-407.
  7. Bowes, G., J.C. Vu, M.W. Hussain, A.H. Pennanen and L.H. Allen. 1996. An overview of how rubisco and carbohydrate metabolism may be regulated at elevated atmospheric [$CO_2$] and temperature. Agricultural and Food Science 5: 261-270. https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72745
  8. Campbell, W.J., L.H. Allen and G. Bowes. 1988. Effects of $CO_2$ concentration on rubisco activity, amount, and photosynthesis in soybean leaves. Plant Physiology 88: 1310-1316. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.88.4.1310
  9. Carson, R.W. and E.A. Bazzaz. 1982. Photosynthetic and growth response to fumigation with $SO_2$ at elevated $CO_2$ for $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants. Oceologia 59: 50-54.
  10. Chang, M.C., Y.S. Cho, J.S. Noh and Kim S.H. 2019. Study on Classification and Ecological Characteristics of Halophyte in Tidal Flat Using Remote Sensing Technique: Application to Marine Spatial Planning. The Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy 22: 34-46. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2019.22.1.34
  11. Choi, B.Y., N.Y. Gil, J.Y. Mun, S.H. Yeo and S.Y. Kim. 2018. Changes in the physicochemical characteristics of low-salt Doenjang by addition of halophytes. The Korean Society of Food Preservation 25: 819-829. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2018.25.7.819
  12. CINAR, I.B., G. AYYILDIZ., A.E. YAPRAK and G.N. TUG. 2016. Effect of salinity and light on germination of Salsola grandis freitag, Vural and N. adiguzel (Chenopodiaceae). Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series C: Biology 25: 25-32.
  13. Conroy, J. and P. Hocking. 1993. Nitrogen nutrition of $C_3$ plants at elevated $CO_2$ atmospheric concentrations. Physiologia Plantarum 89: 570-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05215.x
  14. Crooks, S., M. von Unger, L. Schile, C. Allen and R. Whisnant. 2017. Understanding strategic blue carbon opportunities in the seas of East Asia. PEMSEA report, 1-56.
  15. Dalgleish, H.J., D.N. Koons and P.B. Adler. 2010. Can life-history traits predict the response of forb populations to changes in climate variability?. Journal of Ecology 98: 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01585.x
  16. Diemer, M. 2002. Population stasis in a high-elevation herbaceous plant under moderate climate warming. Basic and Applied Ecology 3: 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00079
  17. Edwards, G.R., P.C.D. Newton, J.C. Tilbrook and H. Clark. 2001. Seedling performance of pasture species under elevated $CO_2$. New Phytologist 150: 359-369. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00100.x
  18. Egan, T.P. and I.A. Unga. 1999. The effects of temperature and seasonal change on the germination of two salt marsh species, Atriplex prostrata and Salicornia europaea, along a salinity gradient. International Journal of Plant Sciences 160: 861-867. https://doi.org/10.1086/314185
  19. Egan, T.P. and I.A. Ungar. 2001. Competition between Salicornia europaea and Atriplex prostrata (Chenopodiaceae) along an experimental salinity gradient. Wetlands Ecology and Management 9: 457-461. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012276510818
  20. El Kohen, A. and M. Mousseau. 1994. Interactive effects of elevated $CO_2$ and mineral nutrition on growth and $CO_2$ exchange of sweet chestnut seedlings (Castanea sativa). Tree Physiology 14: 679-690. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/14.7-8-9.679
  21. Fay, P.A. and M.J. Schultz, 2009. Germination, survival, and growth of grass and forb seedlings: effects of soil moisture variability. Acta Oecologica 35: 679-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2009.06.007
  22. Fitch, E.A., J.L. Walck and S.N. Hidayati. 2007. Agroecosystem management for rare species of Paysonia (Brassicaceae): integrating their seed ecology and life cycle with cropping regimens in a changing climate. American Journal of Botany 94: 102-110. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.1.102
  23. Flowers, T.J., P.F. Troke and A.R. Yeo. 1977. The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 28: 89-121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.28.060177.000513
  24. Garbutt, K. and F.A. Bazzaz. 1984. The effects of elevated $CO_2$ on plants. III. Flower, fruit and seed production and abortion. New Phytologist 98: 433-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb04136.x
  25. Garbutt, K., W.E. Williams and F.A. Bazzaz. 1990. Analysis of the differential response of five annuals to elevated $CO_2$ during growth. Ecology 71: 1185-1194. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937386
  26. Gim, B.M., T.S. Choi, J.S. Lee, Y.G. Park, S.G. Kang and E.C. Jeon. 2014. Effect Assessment and Derivation of Ecological Effect Guideline on $CO_2$-Induced Acidification for Marine Organisms. Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy 17: 153-165. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2014.17.2.153
  27. Han, Y.S., H.R. Kim and Y.H. You. 2012. Effect of elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature on the ecological responses of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae, endangered hydrophyte. Journal of Wetlands Research 14: 169-180. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2012.14.2.169
  28. Idso, S.B. and B.A. Kimball. 1997. Effects of long-term atmospheric $CO_2$ enrichment on the growth and fruit production of sour orange trees. Global Change Biology 3: 89-96. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00053.x
  29. IPCC. 2007. Climate change 2007 Mitigation of climate change, Contribution working group III contribution to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University press, Cambridge, New York, USA, 851-912.
  30. IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151.
  31. Jang, R.H., S.H. Lee, Y.S. Han, K.T. Cho and Y.H. You. 2013. Ecological Response of the endangered aquatic plant, Viola raddeana Regal, to Effect of Increased $CO_2$ Concentration and Air Temperature. Journal of Wetlands Research 15: 381-386. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2013.15.3.381
  32. Jeong, J.C. 2011. The Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation on the Vegetation Area of the Siwha Tidat Flat. Environmental Impact Assessment 20: 349-356.
  33. Jeong, J.K. 2012. Ecological response of Bupleurum latissimum (Apiaceae, endangered species) to the environmental gradient treatments. Master's thesis, Kongju National University.
  34. Jeong, M.H., S.C. Kim, B.R. Hong and K.S. Lee. 2017. Spatial Distribution of Halophytes in the Goraebul Coastal Sand Dune, Korea. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 35: 380-388. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2017.35.3.380
  35. Keeling, C.D., R.B. Bacastow, A.F. Carter, S.C. Piper, T.P. Whorf, M. Heimann, W.G. Mook and H. Roeloffzen. 1989. A three dimensional model of atmospheric $CO_2$ transport based on observed winds: 1. Analysis of observational data. Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas. D.H. Peterson Eds., Geophyscial Monograph, 55, AGU, Washington, U.S.A., 165-236.
  36. Khan, M.A. and I.A. Ungar. 1986. Life history and population dynamics of Atriplex triangularis. Vegetatio 66: 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044079
  37. Kim, H.R. and Y.H. You. 2010. Effects of elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature on the response of seed germination, phenology and leaf morphology of Phytolacca insularis (endemic species) and Phytolacca americana (alien species). Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 24: 62-68.
  38. Kim, J.H. 2012. Global warming through the eyes of a biologist. Seoul National University Press, Seoul.
  39. Kim, J.W., T.K. Song, J.S. Lee, H.S. Kim, S.H. Lee and B.S. Ihm. 1999. Studies on the Vegetation Distribution and Standing Biomass at the Coastal Sand dune of Pohang. The Journal of Basic Sciences 17: 107-116.
  40. Kobayashi, N. 2006. Global warming and Forest business. Bomundang, 21-27.
  41. KOSIS (Korean Statistical Information Service). 2020. http://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=141andtblId=DT_14103_A000andconn_path=I3.
  42. Krizek, D.T., R.H. Zimmermann, H.H. Kueter and W.A. Bailey. 1969. Accelerated growth of birch and crabapple seedlings under $CO_2$ enriched atmospheres. Plant Physiology Supplement 44: 15. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.44.1.15
  43. Leadley, P.W., P.A. Niklaus, R. Stocker and C. Korner. 1999. A field study of the effects of elevated $CO_2$ on plant biomass and community structure in a calcareous grassland. Oecologia 118: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050701
  44. Lee, J.S., K.S. Lee, B.S. Ihm, H.S. Kim and S.H. Lee. 2000. Studies on the Vegetation Distribution and Standing Biomass at the Coastal Sand Dune of Uido. The Journal of Basic Science Research 15: 53-60.
  45. Lee, K.M., H.R. Kim, H. Lim and Y.H. You. 2012. Effect of Elevated $CO_2$ Concentration and Temperature on the Growth and Ecophysicological Responses of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Korean Journal of Crop Science 57: 106-112. https://doi.org/10.7740/kjcs.2012.57.2.106
  46. Lee, S.I., E.P. Lee, Y.H. Jung, E.J. Kim, J.K. Lee, S.Y. Lee, J.H. Park, S.H. Lee and Y.H. You. 2018. Study of Ecological Response of Endangered Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai according to Moisture and Nutrient under Condition of Climate Change for Propagation and Restoration. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 32: 30-38. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2018.32.1.30
  47. Lloret, F., J. Penuelas and M. Estiarte. 2004. Experimental evidence of reduced diversity of seedlings due to climate modification in a Mediterranean-type community. Global Change Biology 10: 248-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00725.x
  48. Meinzer, F.C. and J. Zhu. 1999. Efficiency of $C_4$ photosynthesis in Atriplex lentiformis under salinity stress. Functional Plant Biology 26: 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP98143
  49. Mesa-Marin, J., J.A. Perez-Romero, E. Mateos-Naranjo, M. Bernabeu-Meana, E. Pajuelo, I.D. Rodriguez-Llorente and S. Redondo-Gomez. 2019. Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Salicornia ramosissima Seed Germination under Salinity, $CO_2$ and Temperature Stress. Agronomy 9: 655. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100655
  50. Ministry of Environment. 2009. White Paper of Environment. Ministry of Environment: 65
  51. Moon, Y.G., I.S. Jang and M.S. Heo. 2008. Antibacterial Activities of Suaeda maritima Hot Water Extracts. Journal of Life Science 18: 668-673. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2008.18.5.668
  52. Morison, J.I.L and D.W. Lawlor. 2002. Interactions between increasing $CO_2$ concentration and temperature on plant growth. Plant, Cell and Environment 22: 659-682. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00443.x
  53. Park, H.R. 2003. Global warming and its effects and preventive. Uyoug, Seoul, 285.
  54. Park, J.H., Y.S. Hong, H.R. Kim, J.K. Jeong, H.M. Jeong and Y.H. You. 2014. Effects of Elevated $CO_2$ and Temperate on the Growth of Endangered Species, Cicuta virosa L. in Korea. Journal of Wetlands Research 16: 11-18. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2014.16.1.011
  55. Park, J.W., S.Y. Lee, E.P. Lee, E.J. Kim, J.H. Park, J.M. Lee, M.J. Kim, J.Y. No, D.U. Han and Y.H. You. 2020. Studies on the Characteristics of Vegetation and Plant Diversity of Coastal Sand Dune in Busan Metropolitan City. Journal of Wetlands Research 22: 66-72. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2020.22.2.66
  56. Park, W.K. 1993. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and growth trends of Korean subalpine conifers-Dendrochronological analysis. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 82: 17-25.
  57. Pilipavicius, V., R. Romaneckiene, A. Ramaskeviciene and A. Sliesaravicius. 2006. The effect of $CO_2$ and temperature combinations on Chenopodium album L. early growth. Agronomy Research (Tartu) 4: 311-316.
  58. Poorter, H. 1993. Interspecific variation in the growth response of plants to an elevated ambient $CO_2$ concentration. Vegetatio 104: 77-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048146
  59. Qaderil, M.M. and D.M. Reid. 2008. Combined effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on plant growth and subsequent seed germinability of Silene noctiflora. International Journal of Plant Sciences 169: 1200-1209. https://doi.org/10.1086/591988
  60. Rogers, H.H., G.B. Runion and S.V. Krupa. 1994. Plant responses to atmospheric $CO_2$ enrichment with emphasis on roots and the rhizosphere. Environmental Pollution 83: 155-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90034-5
  61. Son, W.H. 1968. Studies on Salt Injuries of Seedlings Growth-Sand Media Effect of Various Concentration of Added Salts upon 3 Kinds of Seedlings. Journal of Korean Forest Society 8: 3-10.
  62. Van Kraalingen, D.W.G. 1990. Effects of $CO_2$ enrichment on nutrient-deficient plants. In The greenhouse effect and primary productivity in European agro-ecosystems. Pudoc Wageningen, 42-45.
  63. Walck, J. and K. Dixon. 2009. Time to future-proof plants in storage. Nature 462: 721-721. https://doi.org/10.1038/462721a
  64. Way, D.A., S.L. Ladeau, H.R. Mccarthy, J.S. Clark, R. Oren, A.C. Finzi and R.B. Jackson. 2009. Greater seed production in elevated $CO_2$ is not accompanied by reduced seed quality in Pinus taeda L. Global Change Biology 16: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01876.x
  65. Webb, K.L. 1966. NaCl effects on growth and transpiration in Salicornia bigelovii a salt-marsh halophyte. Plant and Soil 24: 261-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02232902
  66. Wong, S.C., P.E. Kriedemann and D. Farquhar. 1992. $CO_2$-nitrogen interaction on seedling growth of four species of Eucalypt. Australian Journal of Botany 40: 457-473. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9920457
  67. Woodward, F.I. and B.G. Williams. 1987. Climate and plant distribution at global and local scales. Vegetatio 69: 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00038700
  68. Wulff, R.D. and H.M. Alexander. 1985. Intraspecific variation in the response to $CO_2$ enrichment in seeds and seedlings of Plantago lanceolata L. Oecologia 66: 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378315
  69. Ziska, L.H. and J.A. Bunce. 1993. The influence of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on seed germination and emergence from soil. Field Crops Research 34: 147-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(93)90003-6