Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Main factors determining the shear behavior of interior RC beam-column joints

  • Received : 2019.08.23
  • Accepted : 2020.06.19
  • Published : 2020.11.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Reinforced concrete beam-column (RCBC) joints of laterally loaded unbraced frames are sometimes controlled by their shear behavior. This behavior relies on multiple and interdependent complex mechanisms. There are already several studies on the influence of some parameters on the shear strength of reinforced concrete joints. However, there are no studies methodically tackling all the most relevant parameters and quantifying their influence on the overall joint behavior, not just on its shear strength. Hence, considering the prohibitive cost of a comprehensive parametric experimental investigation, a nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) was undertaken to identify the key factors affecting the shear behavior of such joints and quantify their influence. The paper presents and discusses the models employed in this NLFEA and the procedure used to deduce the joint behavior from the NLFEA results. Three alternative, or complementary, quantities related to shear are considered when comparing results, namely, the maximum shear stress supported by the joint, the secant shear stiffness at maximum shear stress and the secant shear stiffness in service conditions. Depending on which of these is considered, the lower or higher the relevance of each of the six parameters investigated: transverse reinforcement in the joint, intermediate longitudinal bars and diagonal bars in the column, concrete strength, column axial load and confining elements in transverse direction.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under project grants UIDB/00308/2020 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633.

References

  1. ACI-ASCE Committee 352 (2002), ACI 352R-02: Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures, Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
  2. Altoontash, A. (2004), Simulation and damage models for performance assessment of reinforced concrete beam-column joints, Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, USA.
  3. Bazant, Z.P. and Oh, B.H. (1983), "Crack band theory for fracture of concrete", Mater. Struct., 16, 155-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486267.
  4. Bentz, E.C. (2000), Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete members, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, Canada.
  5. Birely, A.C., Lowes, L.N. and Lehman, D.E. (2012), "A model for the practical nonlinear analysis of reinforced-concrete frames including joint flexibility", Eng. Struct., 34, 455-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.09.003.
  6. CEN (2004), EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures - Part1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, Belgium.
  7. CEN (2004), EN 1998-1, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, Brussels, Belgium.
  8. CEN (2005), EN 1998-3 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 3: Assessment and retrofitting of buildings, European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels, Belgium.
  9. Cervenka Consulting (2009), ATENA 3D, Prague, Czech Repubilc.
  10. Cervenka, V., Jendele, L. and Cervenka, J. (2010), ATENA Program Documentation, Theory, Cervenka Consulting, Prague, Czech Republic.
  11. Cervenka, V., Pukl, R., Ozbolt, J. and Eligehausen, R. (1995), "Mesh sensitivity effects in smeared finite element analysis of concrete structures", Second International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures (FRAMCOS 2), Aedificatio, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. 1387-1396.
  12. Costa, R. (2013), Beam-column joints modelling for the analysis of reinforced concrete plane frames (in Portuguese), Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Coimbra, Portugal. https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/23816.
  13. Costa, R., Gomes, F., Providência, P. and Dias, A. (2013), "Influence of shear deformation of exterior beam-column joints on the quasi-static behavior of RC framed structures", Comput. Concrete, 12(4), 393-411. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2013.12.4.393.
  14. Costa, R., Providência, P. and Dias, A. (2015), "Considering the size and strength of beam-column joints in the design of RC frames", Struct. Concrete, 16(2), 233- 248. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201400054.
  15. Costa, R., Providência, P. and Dias, A. (2017), "Component based reinforced concrete beam-column joint model", Struct. Concrete, 18(1), 164-176. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600024.
  16. Costa, R., Providencia, P. and Gomes, F. (2016), "On the need for the classication criteria of cast in situ rc beam-column joints according to their stiffness", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 1299-1317. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0577-7.
  17. Costa, R., Providência, P. and Gomes, F. (2019), "Simplified assessment of the need for the explicit model of rc beam-column joints instead of the rigid model", Struct. Concrete, 20(3), 1154-1167. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201800140.
  18. Cotsovos, D.M. (2013), "Cracking of rc beam/column joints: Implications for the analysis of frame-type structures", Eng. Struct., 52, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.018.
  19. Eligehausen, R. and Pampanin, S. (2009). "3D analysis of seismic response of rc beam-column exterior joints before and after retrofit", Proceedings of Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting II, Cape Town, November.
  20. fib (2013), "fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010", Ernst and Sohn, NJ, USA.
  21. Fujii, S. and Morita, S. (1991), "Comparison between interior and exterior rc beam-column joint behavior", American Concrete Institute Special Publication, 123, 145-166.
  22. Hanson, N.W. and Conner, H.W. (1967), "Seismic resistance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints", J. Struct. Division ASCE, 95(5), 533-560. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0001785
  23. Hegger, J., Sherif, A. and Roeser, W. (2003), "Nonseismic design of beam-column joints", ACI Struct. J., 100(5), 654-664.
  24. Hegger, J., Sherif, A. and Roeser, W. (2004), "Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beam-column connections", ACI Struct. J., 101(5), 604-614.
  25. Hwang, H.J. and Park, H.G. (2019), "Requirements of shear strength and hoops for performance-based design of interior beam-column joints", ACI Struct. J., 116(2).
  26. Hwang, S.J. and Lee, H.J. (2000), "Analytical model for predicting shear strengths of interior reinforced concrete beam-column joints for seismic resistance", ACI Struct. J., 97(1), 35-44.
  27. Ibrahim, H.H.A. (2011), "Stud reinforcement in beam-column joints under seismic loads", Ph.D. Dissertation,University of Calgary, Canada.
  28. Kabele, P., Cervenka, V. and Cervenka, J. (2010), ATENA program documentation, Part 3-1, Example Manual ATENA Engineering, Cervenka Consulting, Prague, Czech Republic.
  29. Kim, J. (2007), Joint shear behaviour of reinforced concrete beam-column connections subjected to seismic lateral loading, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
  30. Kim, J. and LaFave, J.M. (2009), Joint shear behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column connections subjected to seismic lateral loading, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
  31. Kim, J., LaFave, J.M. and Song, J. (2009), "Joint shear behaviour of reinforced concrete beam-column connections", Mag. Concrete Res., 61(2), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2008.00068
  32. Kolleger, J. and Mehlhorn, G. (1990), Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeit des gerissenen Stahlbetons bei einer Querzugbeanspruchung, Beuth Verlag, Berlin.
  33. Kotsovou, G. and Mouzakis, H. (2012), "Seismic design of rc external beam-column joints", Bullet. Earthq. Eng., 10(2), 645-677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9303-1.
  34. LaFave, J.M. and Kim, J.-H. (2011), "Joint shear behavior prediction for rc beam-column connections", J. Concrete Struct. Mater., 5(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.4334/IJCSM.2011.5.1.057.
  35. Lowes, L., Mitra, N. and Altoontash, A. (2004), A beam-column joint model for simulating the earthquake response of reinforced concrete frames, PEER, University of California, USA.
  36. MC90 (1990), ceb-fip model code 1990 - design code, Thomas Telford, Londonm United Kingdom.
  37. Mirzabagheri, S. and Tasnimi, A.A. (2019), "Evaluation of CSA and ACI shear strength factor for RC roof wide and conventional beam-column joints", Ingegneria Sismica, 2019(1), 26.
  38. Mirzabagheri, S., Tasnimi, A.A. and Issa, F. (2018), "Experimental and numerical study of reinforced concrete interior wide beam-column joints subjected to lateral load", Canadian J. Civil Eng., 45(11), 947-957. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0049.
  39. Mitra, N. and Lowes, L.N. (2007), "Evaluation, calibration, and verification of a reinforced concrete beam-column joint model", J. Struct. Eng. ASCE, 133(1), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:1(105).
  40. Noguchi, H. (2006), "Three-dimensional fem analysis of rc beam-column joints subjected to two-directional loads", ACI, 237, 149-164.
  41. Pan, Z., Guner, S. and Vecchio, F. (2017), "Modeling of interior beam-column joints for nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete frames", Eng. Struct., 142(1), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.03.066.
  42. Paulay, T. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1992), Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete And Masonry Buildings, John Willey and Sons, Inc., NJ, USA.
  43. Roeser, W. (2002), "Zum tragverhalten von Rahmenknoten aus Stahlbeton", Ph.D. Dissertation, Lehrstuhl und Institut für MassivBau, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
  44. Sagbas, G., Vecchio, F.J. and Christopoulos, C. (2011), "Computational modeling of the seismic performance of beam-column subassemblies", J. Earthq. Eng., 15(4), 640-663. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2010.508963.
  45. Sasmal, S. (2009), "Performance evaluation and strengthening of deficient beam-column sub-assemblages under cyclic loading", Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
  46. Schlaich, J., Schafer, K. and Jennewein, M. (1987), "Toward a consistent design of structural concrete", J. Prestressed Concrete Institute, 32(3), 74-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2010.508963.
  47. Shiohara, H. (2001), "New model for shear failure of rc interior beam-column connections", J. Struct. Eng. ASCE, 127(2), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:2(152).
  48. Tran, M.T. (2016), "Influence factors for the shear strength of exterior and interior reinforced concrete beam-column joints", Procedia Eng., 146, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.02.014.
  49. Tran, T., Hadi, M. and Phan, T. (2014), "A new empirical model for shear strength of reinforced beam-column connections", Mag. Concrete Res., 66(10), 514-530. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.13.00310.
  50. Van Mier, J.G.M. (1986), "Multiaxial strain-softening of concrete, Part I: Fracture", Mater. Struct., 19(111), 179-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472035.
  51. Vecchio, F.J. and Collins, M.P. (1986), "The modified compression-field theory for reinforced-concrete elements subjected to shear", ACI J., 83(2), 219-231.
  52. Vella, J. and Vollum, R. (2017), "Numerical modelling of headed bar joints subjected to tension", Mag. Concrete Res., 69(10), 1027-1042. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.17.00011.