Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Nutrient Intake between Hypercholesterolemic and Normal groups based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

고콜레스테롤혈증군과 정상군의 영양소 섭취량 비교: 제6기 국민건강영양조사 자료 활용

  • Lee, Hyun-A (Graduate School of Education (Nutrition education), The University of Suwon) ;
  • Kim, Hyung-Sook (Department of Food and Nutrition, The University of Suwon)
  • 이현아 (수원대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 김형숙 (수원대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2020.07.31
  • Accepted : 2020.10.08
  • Published : 2020.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake of normal healthy adults with those having hypercholesterolemia. Methods: We analyzed data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI). A total of 12,636 adults (5,223 males and 7,413 females) aged 19 or older were included in the study. Results: Males with hypercholesterolemia were older and had a higher waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood sugar levels (FBS) and serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations compared to the normal group. Females with hypercholesterolemia were older and had higher FBS levels and serum TG concentrations compared to the normal group. While comparing nutrient intake by the 24-hour recall method, the male normal group showed a higher intake of fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), vitamin A and thiamin compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. However, the male normal group had a lower intake of iron and vitamin C compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. The female normal group had a higher intake of energy, protein, fat, SFA, MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, riboflavin, and niacin compared to the hypercholesterolemic group, but had a lower intake of iron compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. A comparison of nutrient intake by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) showed the following: There was no significant difference in nutrient intake between the normal men and women and those with hypercholesterolemia. After adjustment for confounding factors, nutrient intake by FFQ of the male normal group showed higher levels of n-3 fatty acid and vitamin C compared to the group with hypercholesterolemia. However, there was no significant difference in nutrient intake between the two groups of women. Conclusions: The average intake of n-3 fatty acids and vitamin C of the male group with hypercholesterolemia was lower than that of the normal group. However, since KNHANES is a cross-sectional study, prospective cohort studies are required to analyze the risk factors of hypercholesterolemia.

Keywords

References

  1. Heo ML, Kim HD. An analysis of hypertension status and related factors in Korean early adults. Korean J Food Nutr 2018; 31(5): 720-728. https://doi.org/10.9799/KSFAN.2018.31.5.720
  2. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. 2017 Report on noncommunicable disease and issue, 2018 [Internet]. 2018 [updated 2018 Jan 5; cited 2018 Dec 1]. Available from http://www.cdc.go.kr/gallery.es?mid=a20503020000&bid=0003&act=view&list_no=136662.
  3. Kim S, Sohn C, Chung WY. Effects of medical nutrition therapy on food habits and serum lipid levels of hypercholesterolemic patients. J Korean Diet Assoc 2005; 11(1): 125-132.
  4. Grundy SM. Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106(25): 3143-3421. https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.106.25.3143
  5. Ko SK. The effect of BMI and %Fat as an obesity Index on the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia in adult men. Exerc Sci 2005; 14(1): 21-30.
  6. Ha KH, Kwon HS, Kim DJ. Epidemiologic characteristics of dyslipidemia in Korea. J Lipid Atheroscler 2015; 4(2): 93-99. https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2015.4.2.93
  7. Jeong JH, Choi YS, Kim SM, Choi SY, Kim JE, Kim EY et al. Correlation between physical activity status and dyslipidemia in Korean adults: The 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Clin Geriatr 2014; 15(1): 35-44. https://doi.org/10.15656/kjcg.2014.15.1.35
  8. Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, de Jesus JM, Houston Miller N, Hubbard VS et al. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129(25 Suppl 2): S76-S99. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1
  9. Shin M J, L im HS, C hung NS, Cho S Y, K im S S. E ffect of dietary therapy on blood lipid in outpatients with hypercholesterolemia. J Korean Diet Assoc 2001; 7(4): 313-319.
  10. Kim JS, Han JS. Effects of a web-based nutrition counseling on food intake and serum lipids in hyperlipidemic patients. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2004; 33(8): 1302-1310. https://doi.org/10.3746/JKFN.2004.33.8.1302
  11. Pack JS, Hong SA. A study on the evaluation and improvement of an integrated health promotion program in the local community. J Korean Converg Soc 2017; 8(7): 131-139.
  12. Berger S, Raman G, Vishwanathan R, Jacques PF, Johnson EJ. Dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102(2): 276-294. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.100305
  13. McNamara DJ. Dietary cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1529(1): 310-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00156-6
  14. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee 2015. Scientific report of the 2015 dietary guidelines advisory committee. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; 2015. p. 47-182.
  15. Lecerf JM, De Lorgeril M. Dietary cholesterol: from physiology to cardiovascular risk. Br J Nutr 2011; 106(1): 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511000237
  16. Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Roberts S, Haskell W. Efficacy of aerobic exercise and a prudent diet for improving selected lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Med 2011; 9(1): 74-88. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-9-74
  17. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2015. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2015. p. 101-130.
  18. Lee SL, Kim SY, Chang YK. A study on dietary patterns and nutrient intake in women with hypercholesterolemia. Korean J Community Nutr 2001; 6(5): 819-829.
  19. Kim S, Jung K, Choi YJ, Lee S, Chang Y. Comparisons of nutrients intake of normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia in the postmenopausal women. Korean J Community Nutr 2000; 5(3): 461-474.
  20. Hwang KH, Heo YR, Lim HS. The effects of lowering dietary fat and cholesterol on hypercholessterolemic men. Korean J Nutr 1999; 32(5): 552-560.
  21. Korean Society of Epidemiology. Nutritional epidemiology (translated version). 3rd ed. English original written by Willett W. Paju: Kyomunsa; 2013.
  22. Park HJ. The association of secondhand smoke and dyslipidemia [master's thesis]. Yonsei University; 2018.
  23. Jung MS. Correlation coefficient between dietary intakes and serum lipid levels of Korean adult males and females [master's thesis]. Ewha Womans University; 2008.
  24. Shin MG, Yoon KH, Song MY. Comparison of health behaviors and nutritional status related to dyslipidemia in Korean middleaged adults: From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007-2010. Korean J Food Nutr 2016; 29(5): 724-734. https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.5.724
  25. Kim HS. A study on development and validation of computerized food frequency questionnaire for Korean with high-risk of hypercholesterolemia [dissertation]. Seoul National University; 2000.
  26. Cha D, Park Y. Association between dietary cholesterol and their food sources and risk for hypercholesterolemia: The 2012-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients 2019; 11(4): 846-856. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040846
  27. Kim JS, Suh YK, Kim HS, Chang KJ, Choi H. The relationship between serum cholesterol levels and dietary fatty acid patterns, plasma fatty acids, and other lipid profile among Korean adults. Korean J Community Nutr 2003; 8(2): 192-201.
  28. Atakisi E, Atakisi O, Yaman H, Arslan I. Omega-3 fatty acid application reduces yolk and plasma cholesterol levels in Japanese quails. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47(10): 2590-2593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.018
  29. Ramprasath VR, Jones PJ, Buckley DD, Woollett LA, Heubi JE. Decreased plasma cholesterol concentrations after PUFA-rich diets are not due to reduced cholesterol absorption/synthesis. Lipids 2012; 47(11): 1063-1071. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-012-3708-8
  30. Park YS, Park HJ, Won SI. Association of fatty acid intake and dyslipidemia in Korean adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey, 1998-2007. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 2011; 21(6): 789-807.
  31. McRae MP. Vitamin C supplementation lowers serum lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials. J Chiropr Med 2008; 7(2): 48-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcme.2008.01.002

Cited by

  1. Analysis of Fruit Consumption and the Korean Healthy Eating Index of Adults Using the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.50, pp.10, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.10.1124