Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Personal Characteristics and Social Entrepreneurship on Social Entrepreneurial Intention

창업자의 개인적 특성과 사회적기업가정신이 사회적기업 창업의도에 미치는 영향

  • Jo, Hyejung (Dongseo Engineering Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Mi Ri (College of Business Administration, Sogang University)
  • Received : 2020.08.24
  • Accepted : 2020.10.28
  • Published : 2020.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of personal characteristics and social entrepreneurship on social entrepreneurship intention, and to determine whether the moderating effect of gender influences on the relationship between personal characteristics and social entrepreneurship. In order to achieve these research objectives, the personal characteristics affecting social entrepreneurship were identified with moral obligation, self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence. Also, prior studies on social entrepreneurship and social enterprise entrepreneurship intention were reviewed. As a result of the study, we find that moral obligation, self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence all had a positive effect on social entrepreneurship. Second, social entrepreneurship had a positive effect on social enterprise entrepreneurship intentions. Third, analyzing the moderating effect of men and women in the relationship between personal characteristics and social entrepreneurship, it was found that there was a difference in the value of the path coefficient representing the relationship between moral obligation and social entrepreneurship. However, there was no moderating effect in the relationship between self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and social entrepreneurship by gender. Therefore, this study is expected to serve as a reference for people who want to start a social enterprise in the future to verify their characteristics and use them as a way to improve their social entrepreneurship.

본 연구는 사회적기업을 창업하는데 있어서 창업자의 개인적 특성과 사회적기업가정신이 사회적기업 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 개인적 특성과 사회적기업가정신의 관계에서 성별의 조절효과를 규명하고자 한다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 사회적기업가정신에 영향을 미치는 개인적 특성을 도덕적 책무, 자기효능감, 감성지능으로 규명하고 사회적기업가정신과 사회적기업 창업의도에 대한 선행연구들을 검토하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 도덕적 책무, 자기효능감, 감성지능은 모두 사회적기업가정신에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 사회적기업가정신은 사회적기업 창업의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 개인적 특성과 사회적기업가정신의 관계에서 남녀의 조절효과를 분석한 결과, 남녀차이에 따른 도덕적 책무와 사회적기업가정신 간의 관계를 나타내는 경로계수 값에서 차이가 나타난 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만, 자기효능감과 감성지능은 사회적기업가정신의 관계에서 성별에 따른 조절효과가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구가 사회적기업의 창업 교육에 있어서 창업자의 개인적 특성을 고려한 사회적기업가정신을 향상시키는 참고자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ajzen, I.(1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  2. Arenius, P., & Minniti, M.(2005). Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1984-x
  3. Ashoka.(2012). What is a social entrepreneur? http://www.ashoka.org/social_entrepreneur.
  4. Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei-Skillern, J.(2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both?, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00107.x
  5. Bae, K. H.(2011). A Study on the Concept of Social Entrepreneurship: Using Structural Equation Modeling, Korean Policy Sciences Review, 15(2), 199-227.
  6. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
  7. Bandura, A.(2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. Self-efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents, 5(1), 307-337.
  8. Bang, H. N., Uh, K. G., & Um, H. S.(2010). A Study on the Effect of Social Expenditure on Economic Growth(Third year): Social Enterprise: A Model of Continuous Employment and Development, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Seoul; Korea.
  9. Bird, B.(1998). Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention. Academy of Management Review, 13, 42-453.
  10. Birnbaum, D. W., Nosanchuk, T. A., & Croll, W. L.(1980). Children's stereotypes about sex differences in emotionality. Sex Roles, 6, 435-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287363
  11. Bornstein, D.(2007). How to change the world: Social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas. Oxford University Press.
  12. Chang, Y. J., & Lee, B. H.(2019). The Impact of Worker's Entrepreneurship and Personal Characteristics on Entrepreneurial Intention: Moderating Effect of Social Network, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 20(7), 497-511. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2019.20.7.497
  13. Chang, Y. R., Hong, J. H., & Cha, J. H.(2012). A Study on the Factors Which Have Influence on the Performance and Sustainability of Social Enterprises, Journal of Accounting and Finance, 30(2), 175-207.
  14. Cho, H. J., & Jang Y. S.(2016). Sustainable Social Enterprises and Social Entrepreneurship, The Korean Association for Policy Studies, 25(4), 329-358.
  15. Cho, K. H.(2013). An exploratory study on the factors influencing on social entrepreneurial intention, The Korea Enterperneuship Society, 8(4), 57-83.
  16. Choi, J. Y., & Jeong, H. J.(2008). A Study On Effect Of Management Education To Entrepreneurship Improvement, Journal of Human Resource Management Research, 15(3), 213-230.
  17. Choi, Y. M., Ryu, J. H., Lee, S. H., Park, H. R., & Oh, H. S.(2015). Components and Development Process of Social Entrepreneurship, The Korean Journal of Human Resource Development Quarterly, 17(1), 189-221. https://doi.org/10.18211/kjhrdq.2015.17.1.008
  18. Choo, S. Y., & Kong, H. W.(2019). The Effects of Gender and Childbirth on Entrepreneurship: Implications for the Activation of Female Entrepreneurship, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(5), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.14.5.201910.93
  19. Chung, D. Y., & Kim, M. S.(2010). The Effects of Pursuit of the Organizational Members Social & Economical Values on the Development of Social Enterprise, Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 23(5), 2299-2321.
  20. Chung, S. H., & Cho, S. M.(2018). The effect of hybrid factor on the performance of social enterprise: Focusing on mediating effect of social entrepreneurship, Social Enterprise Studies, 11(3), 125-162.
  21. Dacin, M. T., Dacin, P. A., & Tracey, P.(2011). Social entrepreneurship: A critique and future directions. Organization Science, 22(5), 1203-1213. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0620
  22. De Vita, L., Mari, M., & Poggesi, S.(2014). Women entrepreneurs in and from developing countries: Evidences from the literature. European Management Journal, 32(3), 451-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.07.009
  23. Dees, J. G.(1998). The Meaning of "Social Entrepreneurship". http://www.redalmarza.cl/ing/pdf/TheMeaningofsocialEntrepreneurship.pdf
  24. Defourny, J., Kuan, Y. Y., & Kim, S. Y.(2011). Emerging models of social enterprise in Eastern Asia: A crosscountry analysis. Social Enterprise Journal, 7(10), 86-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/17508611111130176
  25. Donh, C. H.(1994). Observations on Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, In Arthur Cole (Ed.) Change and the Entrepreneur, Harvard University Press, 22-24.
  26. Ernst, K. K.(2011). Heart over mind-an empirical analysis of social entrepreneurial intention formation on the basis of the theory of planned behaviour, Doctoral, Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal-Bergische Universitat Wuppertal.
  27. Fayolle, A., & Degeorge, J. M.(2006). Attitudes, intentions, and behaviour: New approaches to evaluating entrepreneurship education. International entrepreneurship education. Issues and Newness, 74-89.
  28. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F.(1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  29. Granovetter, M.(1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American journal of sociology, 91(3), 481-510. https://doi.org/10.1086/228311
  30. Forster, F., & Grichnik, D.(2013). Social entrepreneurial intention formation of corporate volunteers. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 153-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2013.777358
  31. Haines, R., Street, M. D., & Haines, D.(2008). The influence of perceived importance of an ethical issue on moral judgment, moral obligation, and moral intent. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9502-5
  32. Hair, J. F., Rolph. E. A., Ronald. L. T., & William. C. B. (1995). Multivariate Data Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  33. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E.(2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
  34. Hair, J. F., Wolfinbarger Celsi, M., Money, A., Samouel, P., & Page, M. J. (2011). Essentials of Business Research Methods. Armonk, NY: Sharpe.
  35. Hockerts, K.(2015). The social entrepreneurial antecedents scale (SEAS): A validation study. Social Enterprise Journal, 11(3), 260-280. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-05-2014-0026
  36. Hockerts, K.(2017). Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171
  37. Hong, E. P., & Kim, J. H.(2018). A Study on Factors Affecting the Promotion of Social Entrepreneurship Start-ups, Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 31(1), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.22558/jieb.2018.02.31.1.23
  38. Hoyle, R. H., & Smith, G. T.(1994). Formulating clinical research hypotheses as structyral equation models: a conceptual overview entrepreneurial, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.3.429
  39. Im, J. H., & Lee, J. H.(2017). The mediating effects of entrepreneurship on the relationship between transformational leadership and self-efficacy and organizational performance, Journal of Announcement of the Academic Presentation Conference of the Korean Management Association, 215-233.
  40. Irengun, O., & Arikboga, S.(2015). The effect of personality traits on social entrepreneurship intentions: A field research. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1186-1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.172
  41. Ip, C. Y., Wu, S. C., Liu, H. C., & Liang, C.(2017). Revisiting the antecedents of social entrepreneurial intentions in Hong Kong. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 6(3), 301-323. https://doi.org/10.17583/ijep.2017.2835
  42. Jeon, E. Y., & Byun, B. S.(2017). The Impact of Characteristics of Social Enterprise on its Performance and Sustainability, Journal of The Korean Regional Development Association, 29(2), 69-96. https://doi.org/10.22885/KRDA.2017.29.2.69
  43. Jang, S. H.(2012). The Effects of Entrepreneurs and Environmental Characteristics, Social Entrepreneurship on the Performance of Social Enterprise, Journal of Business Research, 27(3), 223-245. https://doi.org/10.22903/JBR.2012.27.3.223
  44. Jang, S. H.(2014). The Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Market Orientation, and Corporate Social Responsibility on Performance in Social Enterprise, Review of Korea Contents Association, 14(6), 355-366. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2014.14.06.355
  45. Ju, S. H., & Lee, K. S.(2016). A Study on Case Analysis through Business Models of Social Enterprise, The Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 7(4), 167-186.
  46. Jung, E. J., & Cho, K. H.(2015). The Effects of Emotional leadership upon Self-efficacy-Focusing on moderating effects of Emotional intelligenc, Tourism Research, 40(1), 81-103.
  47. Kang, M. J., Kim, H. K., & Kang, Y. W.(2015). A Study on Social Venture Start-up Competencies of Social Entrepreneurs-The Case of KAIST Social Entrepreneurship MBA, Korean Business Education Review, 30(1), 217-243.
  48. Kang, J. H, & Yang, D. W.(2016). A Study on Effect of the University Student's Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Opportunity Recognition, Korea Academy Industrial Cooperation Society, 17(1), 493-507. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.1.493
  49. Kibler, E., & Kautonen, T.(2016). The moral legitimacy of entrepreneurs: An analysis of early-stage entrepreneurship across 26 countries. International Small Business Journal, 34(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614541844
  50. Kim, C. B., & Baek, N. Y.(2019). An Empirical Study on the Impact of Entrepreneur's Strategic Competency and Characteristics of Their Experiences on Performance of Social Enterprises: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Social-value Seeking, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(5), 43-59. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.14.5.201910.43
  51. Kim, D. H., & Jeong, M. G.(2017). The Study on Factors to affect Entrepreneurial Intention to Establish Social Enterprise, Korean Journal of Public Admination, 26(3), 131-165.
  52. Kim, H. C.(2017). A Study on the Factors Effecting Performance and Correlation in Social Enterprises, Korea Academy Industrial Cooperation Society, 18(7), 342-349.
  53. Kim, H. J., & Jeon, I. O.(2017). The Influence of Mediating Effects of Social Capital on Social Entrepreneurship, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 12(5), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.12.5.201710.55
  54. Kim, J. H(2008). Korean entrepreneurship and its determining factors, Seoul; Korea Institute for Industrial Economics Trade
  55. Kim, S. H., Bok, K. S., & Park. J. C.(2015). Relationship Among Self-Determination, Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students in Korea, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(5), 15-26.
  56. Kim, Y. W., Lee, J. M., Chung, S. W., & Choi, Y. K.(2012). A Study of the Effect of Social Enterprises' Partnerships on their Performance, Korean Journal of Industrial Relations, 22(4), 65-92.
  57. Koh, Y. S., Jang, I. S., Moon, C. W., & Shin, Y. H.(2014). A Review of Social Entrepreneurship: Towards a Theory of Process Perspectives, Journal of Strategic Management, 17(2), 155-184. https://doi.org/10.17786/jsm.2014.17.2.007
  58. Kong, H. W., & Choo, S. Y.(2020). Empathy, Social Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy, and Social Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Gender, Korean Journal of Business Administration, 33, 817-840.
  59. Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency(2017). A GUIDE TO SOCIAL ENTERPEISE, Seoul; Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency.
  60. Krueger, N.(1993). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879301800101
  61. Krueger Jr, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V.(1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(3), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800307
  62. Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L.(2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
  63. Kwag, S. H.(2013). A Quantitative Study on Growth of Social Enterprise in Korea-Focused on Financial Performance during 200-2010, Management & Information Systems Review, 32(1), 289-309. https://doi.org/10.29214/damis.2013.32.1.015
  64. Kwon, K. H., & Kim, J. H.(2017). Can Virtuous Mind Affect Social Entrepreneurial Intention?, Korean Corporation Management Review, 76, 101-121. https://doi.org/10.21052/KCMR.2017.24.6.06
  65. Kwon, K. H., & Kim, Y. K.(2020). The Effect of the Golf Coach's Emotional Intelligence on the Consumer Citizenship Behavior: Moderating Effect Analysis by Gender, Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 20(5), 653-664. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2020.20.05.653
  66. Kwon, S. B., Jeong, J. Y., & Choi, M. G.(2016). An Empirical Study on the Affecting Factors of the Entrepreneurial Intention of Culture Social Enterprise, Korean Business Education Review, 31(5), 259-283.
  67. LaFrance, M., & Banaji, M.(1992). Toward a reconsideration of the gender-emotion relationship. Emotion and social behavior, 14, 178-201.
  68. Leadbeater, C.(1997). The rise of the social entrepreneur (No. 25). Demos. London, England.
  69. Lee, E. S.(2015). The Effect of Hotel Internship Trainees' Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction, Journal of Corporate Education and Talent Research, 17(1), 161-182.
  70. Lee, J. M., & Lee, S. S.(2017). A Study on the Antecedent Factors of Performance and Sustainability of Social Enterprises, Journal of the Korea Industrial Information Systems Research, 22(2), 123-142. https://doi.org/10.9723/jksiis.2017.22.2.123
  71. Lee, J. W., & Kim, Y. J.(2017). Exploring the Operating Logics and Models of Korean Social Enterprises: Content Analysis Approach, Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity, 12(5), 279-301. https://doi.org/10.24878/tkes.2017.12.5.279
  72. Lee, S. H., Lee, J. S., & Jeong, G. S.(2013). A Study on the Moderating Effects of Professional Ability of Consultants between Success Factors of Social Enterprises and Performance, Journal of Digital Convergence, 11(4), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2013.11.11.197
  73. Lee, S. I., Moon, J. S., & Moon, G. W.(2016). An Empirical Study on the Social Entrepreneurship: Occupational Identity and Performance of Social Enterprise, Korean Journal of Resources Development, 19(3), 55-85. https://doi.org/10.24991/KJHRD.2016.09.19.3.55
  74. Lee, S. J., & Park, J. C.(2015). On the relationship between creativity, emotional intelligence, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention, Korean corruption studies review, 20(4), 1-22.
  75. Lee, Y. H., Park, Y. H., Jang, W. J.(2011). Determinants of Regional Social Enterprises and Their Policy Implications, Journal of Policy Development, 11(1), 1-35.
  76. Lee, Y. T.(2011). A Study on The Relationship Social Entrepreneurship and Performance In Social Enterprises, Journal of Human Resource Management Research, 18(3), 129-150.
  77. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G, P.(1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; Prentice Hall.
  78. Maes, J., Leroy, H., & Sels, L.(2014). Gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions: A TPB multi-group analysis at factor and indicator level, European Management Journal, 32(5), 784-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2014.01.001
  79. Mair, J., & Noboa, E.(2003). Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create a social enterprise get formed. IESE Working Paper No. D/521.
  80. Mair, J., & Noboa, E.(2006). Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create a social venture are formed. In Social entrepreneurship(pp. 121-135). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  81. Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D.(1983). Confirmatory factor analysis of multitrait-multimethod matrices. Journal of Educational Measurement, 231-248.
  82. Markman, G. D., Balkin, D. B., & Baron, R. A.(2002). Inventors and new venture formation: The effects of general self-efficacy and regretful thinking. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 27(2), 149-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00004
  83. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R.(2002). Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) Item Booklet. UNH Personality Lab. 26. https://scholars.unh.edu/personality_lab/26.
  84. Ministry of Employment and Labor(2018a). Comprehensive Plan for Fostering Human Resources in Social Economy, Retrieved(2018.12.10) from http://www.moel.go.kr/news/enews/report/enewsView.do?news_seq=8956.
  85. Ministry of Employment and Labor(2018b). The 3rd Basic Plan for Fostering Social Enterprises, Retrieved(2019.01.30.) from http://www.moel.go.kr/policy/policydata/view.do?bbs_seq=20181100258.
  86. Ministry of Employment and Labor(2019a). The second social enterprise certification results, Retrieved(2019.01.14) from http://www.moel.go.kr/news/enews/report/enewsView.do?news_seq=9891.
  87. Ministry of Employment and Labor(2019b). Revised Social Enterprise Promotion Act, Retrieved(2019.09.23) from http://www.moel.go.kr/news/enews/report/enewsView.do;jsessionid=QUY8BACKgvtJcFxrCgJfC7e9KXDjouqY0AUaJWkQJpjNSpI7yKN242KgJIpDliQp.moel_was_outside_servlet_www2?news_seq=10212.
  88. Nga, J. K. H., & Shamuganathan, G.(2010). The influence of personality traits and demographic factors on social entrepreneurship start up intentions. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(2), 259-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0358-8
  89. Park, J. C.(2019). The Multi-path Mediated Effect of Resilience and Entrepreneurship on the Relationship between Learned Helplessness and Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(6), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.14.6.201912.77
  90. Park, J. W., & Kim, W. J.(2015). The Effects of CEO's Career Orientation on the Firm Performance: Mediation Effect of Entrepreneurship, Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, 37(2), 69-86.
  91. Park, S. H., & Kim, D. J.(2011). The Moderating Effects Of Vision Sharing And Value Fit On The Relation Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior And Its Antecedences In Social Enterprises, Journal of Human Resource Management Research, 18(3), 24-54.
  92. Park, W. W., Kim, M. S., Jeong, S. M., & Huh, K. M.(2007). Causes and Remedies of Common Method Bias, Korea Journal of Management, 15(1), 89-133.
  93. Peredo, A. M., & McLean, M.(2006). Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept. Journal of world business, 41(1), 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.10.007
  94. Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A.(2001). Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. European journal of personality, 15(6), 425-448. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.416
  95. Plaskoff, J.(2012). Building the heart and the mind: An interview with leading social entrepreneur Sarah Harris. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 11(3), 432-441. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2011.0010
  96. Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W.(1986). Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects, Journal of Management, 12(4), 531-544. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638601200408
  97. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F.(2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models, Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  98. Rha, J. Y.(2010). Business Models for Social Enterprises, The Journal of Small Business Innovation, 13(4), 129-161.
  99. Roberts, D., & Woods, C.(2005). Changing the world on a shoestring: The concept of social entrepreneurship. University of Auckland Business Review, 7(1), 45-51.
  100. Sequeira, J., Mueller, S. L., & McGee, J. E.(2007). The influence of social ties and self-efficacy in forming entrepreneurial intentions and motivating nascent behavior. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(03), 275-293. https://doi.org/10.1142/S108494670700068X
  101. Shapero, A., & Sokol, L.(1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, 72-90.
  102. Shaw, E., & Carter, S.(2007). Social entrepreneurship. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 14(3), 418-434. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000710773529
  103. Shirokova, G., Osiyevskyy, O., & Bogatyreva, K.(2016). Exploring the intention-behavior link in student entrepreneurship: Moderating effects of individual and environmental characteristics. European Management Journal, 34(4), 386-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2015.12.007
  104. Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A.(2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 566-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.002
  105. Sutha, A. I., & Sankar, P.(2016). Entrepreneurial intention and social entrepreneurship among university students in Chennai city. International Journal of Engineering Studies, 1, 93-106.
  106. Tan, H., Liu, C., Huang, Y., & Geubelle, P. H.(2005). The cohesive law for the particle/matrix interfaces in high explosives. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 53(8), 1892-1917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2005.01.009
  107. Tangney, J. P.(1999). The self-conscious emotions: Shame, guilt, embarrassment and pride. In T. Dalgleish & M. J. Power (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (541-568). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  108. Tiwari, P., Bhat, A. K., & Tikoria, J.(2017). An empirical analysis of the factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 7(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-017-0067-1
  109. Walter, S. G., & Dohse, D.(2012). Why mode and regional context matter for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(9-10), 807-835. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2012.721009
  110. Wee, J. H., & Kim, J. H.(2014). The effect of social entrepreneurship and institutional environment of social enterprise on entrepreneurial intentions, Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity, 9(3), 58-79. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2014.9.3.58
  111. Wong, C. S., & Law, K. S.(2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1
  112. Yang, J. H., & Zhan, X.(2015). A Study on the Effect of Entrepreneurship of Korean and Chinese University Students on Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on Mediating of Self-efficacy, International Business Review, 19(4), 25-53. https://doi.org/10.21739/IBR.2015.12.19.4.25
  113. Yang, H. S., & Han, T. Y.(2019). The Social Enterprises Organizational Commitment: The Effect of Psychological Ownership and the Moderation Effects of Social Entrepreneurship and Organizational Support, The Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 31(1), 81-102. https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v31i1.81-102
  114. Yoon, N. S.(2012). The Effect of Potential Entrepreneurial Motivations on Entrepreneurship and Commitment to Starts-up: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship, Korean Industrial Economic Association, 25(2), 1537-1557.
  115. Zahra, S. A., & Wright, M.(2011). Entrepreneurship's next act. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(4), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2010.0149
  116. Zampetakis, L. A., Kafetsios, K., Bouranta, N., Dewett, T., & Moustakis, V. S.(2009). On the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 15(6), 595-618. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550910995452
  117. Zhou, J., & George, J. M.(2003). Awakening employee creativity: The role of leader emotional intelligence. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(4-5), 545-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(03)00051-1