Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association (대한영양사협회학술지)

The Korean Dietetic Association (대한영양사협회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Food Sources of Significant Nutrients with Picky Eating Behavior in Preschoolers

까다로운 식행동을 가진 유아의 영양섭취 평가와 급원 식품

  • 염마영 (덕성여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 조윤옥 (덕성여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2020.09.15
  • Accepted : 2020.10.07
  • Published : 2020.11.02
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Picky eating behavior is a significant factor in causing unhealthy eating and disturbing the growth of children. This study examined picky eating behaviors and food intake of 112 preschoolers aged 3~5 year, picky eaters (n=41) and non-picky eaters (n=71), living in Dobong-gu, Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea. Picky eating questionnaires and three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were collected from their caregivers. The difference between the two groups was verified using a Chi-square test or t-test and Pearson's correlation. Compared to the non-picky eaters, fussiness, satiety responsiveness, and refusal of food variety were significantly higher in picky eaters (P<0.001). Compared to the non-picky eaters, an assessnent of the preschooler's behavior and the caregivers' perception were positively correlated in picky eaters (r=0.749, P<0.001). The intakes of shellfish (P<0.05), vegetables (P<0.001), fiber, vitamin E (P<0.01), vitamin A, and folate (P<0.05) were significantly lower in picky eaters than the non-picky eaters. The major food sources of vitamin A and folate were vegetables, of which grains were the source of fiber, fats and oils were the source of Vitamin E, and root vegetables were source of vegetables in both picky and non-picky eaters. In conclusion, picky eating behaviors are related to different fussiness and slowness in eating. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the amount of meal and vegetable intake in picky eaters.

Keywords

References

  1. Carruth BR, Skinner JD (2000): Revisiting the picky eater phenomenon: neophobic behaviors of young children. J Am Coll Nutr 19(6):771-780 https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2000.10718077
  2. Cooke L, Wardle J, Gibson EL (2003): Relationship between parental report of food neophobia and everyday food consumption in 2-6-year-old children. Appetite 41(2):205-206 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00048-5
  3. Han Y, Kim SA, Lee Y, Kim J (2015): The development and validation of eating behavior test form for infants and young children. Korean J Community Nutr 20(1):1-10 https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.1.1
  4. Kang KJ (2005): A study on food habits, nutrient intakes and nutritional quality of preschool children in Seoul. Korean J Community Nutr 10(4):471-483
  5. Kim E, Song B, Ju SY (2018): Dietary status of young children in Korea based on the data of 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health 51(4):330-339 https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2018.51.4.330
  6. Kim MJ (2011): Exploration of maternal parenting and child-feeding style dimensions perceived by elementary schoolers and middle schoolers and correlation between maternal parenting dimensions and child's food behaviors. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40(4):544-556 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.4.544
  7. Kim YJ, Chung SJ, Han YS, Lee Y, Lee SI, Byun KW, Choi H (2005): The characteristics of infants' temperament, maternal feeding behavior and feeding practices in picky eaters. Korean J Community Nutr 10(4):462-470
  8. Kim YJ, Han YS, Chung SJ, Lee YN, Lee SI, Choi HM (2006): Characteristics of infants' temperaments and eating behaviors, mothers' eating behaviors and feeding practices in poor eating infants. Korean J Community Nutr 11(4):449-458.
  9. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). Korea Health Statistics 2018: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-3). Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/sub04/sub04_03.do?classType=7. Accessed August 25, 2020
  10. Ku UH, Seo JS (2005): The status of nutrient intake and factors related to dislike of vegetables in elementary school students. Korean J Community Nutr 10(2):151-162
  11. Kwon KM, Shim JE, Kang M, Paik HY (2017): Association between picky eating behaviors and nutritional status in early childhood: performance of a picky eating behavior questionnaire. Nutrients 9(5):463 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9050463
  12. Lee JE (2013): The relationship between children's picky eating behavior, physical growth and mother's child feeding practice. Korean J Child Stud 34(4):1-17
  13. Lee JE (2015): The relation between children's picky eating behaviors, social skills, and problem behaviors. Early Child Educ Care 10(1):35-54 https://doi.org/10.16978/ecec.2015.10.1.002
  14. Lee JS, Kang MH, Kwak TK, Chung HR, Kwon S, Kim HY, Hwang JY, Choi YS (2016): Development of nutrition quotient for Korean preschoolers (NQ-P): item selection and validation of factor structure. J Nutr Health 49(5):378-394 https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.378
  15. Li Z, van der Horst K, Edelson-Fries LR, Yu K, You L, Zhang Y, Vinyes-Pares G, Wang P, Ma D, Yang X, Qin L, Wang J. (2017): Perceptions of food intake and weight status among parents of picky eating infants and toddlers in China: a cross-sectional study. Appetite 108:456-463 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.009
  16. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (2020a). Korean Food Standards Codex. Available from: https://www.foodsafetykorea.go.kr/foodcode/03_01.jsp. Accessed September 8, 2020
  17. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (2020b). Korean Food Standards Codex. Available from: https://www.foodsafetykorea.go.kr/foodcode/ 01_03.jsp?idx=4. Accessed September 8, 2020
  18. Ministry of Health and Welfare, The Korean Nutrition Society (2015). Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2015. Available from: http://www.mohw.go.kr/react/index.jsp. Accessed September 8, 2020
  19. Oh YJ, Chang YK (2006): Children's unbalanced diet and parents' attitudes. Korean J Nutr 39(2):184-191
  20. Okubo H, Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Tanaka K, Hirota Y (2016): Early sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency is associated with poor quality of later food and nutrient intake patterns among Japanese young children: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study. Nutr Res 36(6):594-602 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2016.01.008
  21. Reau NR, Senturia YD, Lebailly SA, Christoffel KK (1996): Infant and toddler feeding patterns and problems: normative data and a new direction. Pediatric Practice Research Group. J Dev Behav Pediatr 17(3):149-153
  22. Russell CG, Worsley T (2016): Associations between appetitive traits and food preferences in preschool children. Food Qual Prefer 52:172-178 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.04.006
  23. Shim JE, Yoon JH, Kim K, Paik HY (2013): Association between picky eating behaviors and growth in preschool children. J Nutr Health 46(5):418-426 https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2013.46.5.418
  24. Sim HM, Han Y, Lee KA (2019): Analysis of the types of eating behavior affecting the nutrition of preschool children: using the Dietary Behavior Test (DBT) and the Nutrition Quotient (NQ). J Nutr Health 52(6):604-617 https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.604
  25. Skinner JD, Carruth BR, Bounds W, Ziegler P, Reidy K (2002): Do food-related experiences in the first 2 years of life predict dietary variety in school-aged children? J Nutr Educ Behav 34(6):310-315 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60113-9
  26. Statistics Korea (2019). Average monthly income & expenditure. Available from: https://kosis.kr/index/index.do. Accessed February 7, 2019
  27. Taylor CM, Northstone K, Wernimont SM, Emmett PM (2016): Macro- and micronutrient intakes in picky eaters: a cause for concern? Am J Clin Nutr 104(6):1647-1656 https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.137356
  28. van der Horst K, Deming DM, Lesniauskas R, Carr BT, Reidy KC (2016): Picky eating: associations with child eating characteristics and food intake. Appetite 103:286-293 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.027
  29. Ventura AK, Worobey J (2013): Early influences on the development of food preferences. Curr Biol 23(9):R401-R408 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.037
  30. Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport L (2001): Development of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 42(7):963-970. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00792
  31. Yun S, Lim D, Oh K, Moon J, Kim JH (2018): Development of the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents. Public Health Wkly Rep 11(25):813-820