Korean Chemical Engineering Research

The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers (한국화학공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mathematical Modeling of Scheduling Problems for the Fusion Fuel Cycle

핵융합 공정주기에서의 생산 계획 최적화

  • Lee, Suh-Young (Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Ha, Jin-Kuk (Dongguk University) ;
  • Lee, In-Beum (Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Euy Soo (Dongguk University)
  • 이서영 (포항공과대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 하진국 (동국대학교 화공생물공학과) ;
  • 이인범 (포항공과대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 이의수 (동국대학교 화공생물공학과)
  • Received : 2020.05.23
  • Accepted : 2020.06.11
  • Published : 2020.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, a mathematical model for optimal operation of the fusion fuel cycle is developed based on scheduling approach. The fusion fuel cycle consists of a system for storing and supplying deuterium and tritium, and receiving and separating process after the fusion reaction. Except that tritium is a radioactive material, most of these processes consist of catalytic reactions and separation process. For these reasons, it is possible to apply scheduling approach which is also widely utilized to chemical plants to derive the optimal operating scenarios. The developed model determined the optimal regeneration cycle to minimize the amount of tritium inside the vacuum pumps. Based on the characteristics of various device in the fusion reactor, the optimal tritium plant operation scenario is evaluated. The formulated model was applied to the actual tokamak scenario and utilized to analyze the fuel flow and balance of ITER fuel cycle.

본 연구에서는 화학공정 최적화에 사용되는 생산계획최적기법을 도입하여 핵융합 공정에서의 삼중수소 재고량을 최소로 유지하는 수학적 모델을 구축하여 최적 운전 시나리오를 도출하였다. 핵융합 발전을 위한 공정 중 연료주기 공정(fuel cycle)은 반응연료인 중수소와 삼중수소를 저장 하고 공급하는 시스템과 핵융합 반응 배가스로부터 이를 회수 및 분리하는 세부 공정들로 구성되어 있다. 이들 공정들은 삼중수소가 방사성 물질이라는 것을 제외하면 대부분 촉매반응과 분리공정으로 이루어져 화공플랜트에 적용된 기술과 유사한 특성이 많아 화학공정에 사용되는 스케줄링 기법을 통해 최적 운전 시나리오를 도출 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 핵융합로의 다양한 장치의 특성을 반영해서, 펌프내부의 삼중수소량을 최소로 하는 최적 재생주기를 구하고, 구해진 최적 재생주기 결과를 반영하여 후단의 트리튬 플랜트에서의 최적 운전 시나리오를 확인해 보았다. 구축된 모델은 실제 토카막 시나리오에 적용되어 ITER 연료주기 내 공정의 연료흐름 및 밸런스 분석에 활용되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho, S., Chang, M. H., Yun, S.-H., Kang, H., Jung, K.-J., Chung, H., Koo, D., Kim, Y., Lee, J. and Song, K.-M., "ITER Storage and Delivery System R&D in Korea," IEEE Trans. on Plasma Sci., 38, 425-433(2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2009.2039583
  2. Kondili, E., Pantelides, C. and Sargent, R., "A General Algorithm for Short-term Scheduling of Batch Operations-I. MILP Formulation," Comput. Chem. Eng., 17, 211-227(1993). https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(93)80015-F
  3. Birewar, D. B. and Grossmann, I. E., "Simultaneous Production Planning and Scheduling in Multiproduct Batch Plants," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 570-580(1990). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00100a013
  4. Chang, M. H., Yun, S.-H., Kang, H.-G., Cho, S., Song, K.-M., Kim, D., Chung, H., Camp, P., Shu, W. and Willms, S., "Alternative Analysis for Fuel Storage and Delivery in the ITER Tritium Plant," Fusion Eng. Des., 89, 1557-1561(2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.12.057
  5. Roth, J., Tsitrone, E., Loarte, A., Loarer, T., Counsell, G., Neu, R., Philipps, V., Brezinsek, S., Lehnen, M. and Coad, P., "Recent Analysis of Key Plasma Wall Interactions Issues for ITER," J. Nucl. Mater., 390, 1-9(2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.037
  6. Yun, S.-H., Chang, M.-H., Kang, H.-G., Kim, C.-S., Cho, S.-Y., Jung, K.-J., Chung, H.-S. and Song, K.-M., "Tritium Fuel Cycle Technology of ITER Project," Trans. Korean Hydrogen New Energy Soc., 23, 56-64(2012). https://doi.org/10.7316/khnes.2012.23.1.056
  7. Lee, J.-U., Chang, M. H., Yun, S.-H., Lee, E. S., Lee, I.-B. and Lee, K.-H., "Hypothetical Operation Model for the Multi-bed System of the Tritium Plant Based on the Scheduling Approach," Fusion Eng. Des., 109, 602-607(2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.02.038
  8. Lee, S.-Y., Chang, M. H., Yun, S.-H., Ha, J.-K., Lee, I.-B. and Lee, E. S., "Optimal Scheduling Model to Minimize Tritium Inventory Level in Fuel Cycle of Tritium Plant," Fusion Eng. Des., 136, 747-751(2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.04.003
  9. Pearce, R. J., Antipenkov, A., Boussier, B., Bryan, S., Dremel, M., Levesy, B., Mayaux, C. and Wykes, M., "The ITER Divertor Pumping System, Design Evolution, Simplification and Performance," Fusion Eng. Des., 88, 809-813(2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.01.050
  10. Day, C., Antipenkov, A., Dremel, M., Haas, H., Hauer, V., Mack, A., Boissin, J., Class, G., Murdoch, D. and Wykes, M. Validated design of the ITER main vacuum pumping system, Proc. 20th Int. Conf. Vilamoura, 2004.
  11. Wykes, M., "Minimisation of the Hydrogenic Inventory of the ITER Neutral Beamline and Torus Cryo-sorption Pumps," Fusion Sci. Technol., 48, 39-42(2005). https://doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A875
  12. Lee, S.-Y., Chang, M. H., Lee, J.-U., Yun, S.-H., Ha, J.-K., Lee, I.-B. and Lee, E. S., "Optimal Pump Regeneration Model for Fuel Cycle of ITER," Fusion Eng. Des., 146, 2251-2254(2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.165
  13. Maravelias, C. T. and Grossmann, I. E., "New General Continuous- time State-Task Network Formulation for Short-term Scheduling of Multipurpose Batch Plants," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 42, 3056-3074(2003). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie020923y
  14. Lee, S.-Y., Chang, M. H., Yun, S.-H., Ha, J.-K., Lee, I.-B. and Lee, E. S., "Hypothetical Daily Operation Model of Fuel Cycle in Tritium Plant," Fusion Eng. Des., 130, 21-25(2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.03.012