Childhood Kidney Diseases

Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology (대한소아신장학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Pediatric Hemodialysis

  • Cho, Heeyeon (Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2020.09.10
  • Accepted : 2020.10.04
  • Published : 2020.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Hemodialysis is rarely used in neonates and infants due to the risk of major complications in the very young. Nevertheless, there are clinical situations where hemodialysis is needed and may be helpful in small children. Recently, new developments in specialized hemodialysis equipment and specifically trained personnel have made it possible to implement hemodialysis in neonates and infants. In this review, we will discuss hemodialysis for the treatment of small children with renal replacement therapy-requiring conditions, and consider indications, prescriptions, complications, and ethical issues.

Keywords

References

  1. Scharer K, Fine RN. The history of dialysis therapy in children. In: Warady BA, Schaefer FS, Fine RN, Alexander SR, editors. Pediatric Dialysis. 1st ed. Dordrecht: Springer, 2004:1-11.
  2. Kallen RF, Zaltzman S, Coe FL, Metcoff J. Hemodialysis in children: technique, kinetic aspects related to varying body size and application to salicylate intoxication, acute renal failure and some other disorders. Medicine 1966;45:1-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005792-196601000-00001
  3. Fine RN, De Palma JR, Lieberman E, Donnell GN, Gordon A, Maxwell MH. Extended hemodialysis in children with chronic renal failure. J Pediatr 1968;73:706-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(68)80176-3
  4. Donckerwolcke RA, Bunchman TE. Hemodialysis in infants and small children. Pediatr Nephrol 1994;8(1):103-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00868283
  5. Raina R, Vijayaraghavan P, Kapur G, Sethi SK, Krishnappa V, Kumar D, et al. Hemodialysis in neonates and infants: A systematic review. Semin Dial 2018;31:289-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12657
  6. Walters S, Porter C, Brophy PD. Dialysis and pediatric acute kidney injury:choice of renal support modality. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:37-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-008-0826-x
  7. Picca S, Dionisi-Vici C, Abeni D, Pastore A, Rizzo C, Orzalesi M, et al. Extracorporeal dialysis in neonatal hyperammonemia: modalities and prognostic indicators. Pediatr Nephrol 2001;16:862-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004670100702
  8. Sadowski RH, Harmon WE, Jabs K. Acute hemodialysis of infants weighing less than five kilograms. Kidney Int 1994;45:903-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1994.119
  9. Rajpoot DK, Gargus JJ. Acute hemodialysis for hyperammonemia in small neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 2004;19:390-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-003-1389-5
  10. Lopez PJ, Troncoso B, Grandy J, Reed F, Ovalle A, Celis S, et al. Outcome of tunnelled central venous catheters used for haemodialysis in children weighing less than 15 kg. J Pediatr Surg 2014;49:1300-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.02.043
  11. de Galasso L, Picca S, Guzzo I. Dialysis modalities for the management of pediatric acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2020;35:753-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-019-04213-x
  12. Paik KH. Renal replacement therapy in children with acute renal failure. Korean J Pediatr 2007;50:938-47 https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2007.50.10.938
  13. S. L. Goldstein. Prescribing and monitoring hemodialysis. In: Warady BA, Schaefer FS, Fine RN, Alexander SR, editors. Pediatric Dialysis. 1st ed. Dordrecht: Springer, 2004:135-46.
  14. Goldstein SL, Baronette S, Gambrell TV, Currier H, Brewer ED. nPCR assessment and IDPN treatment of malnutrition in pediatric hemodialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2002;17:531-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-002-0925-z
  15. National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Hemodialysis Adequacy: 2015 update. Am J Kidney Dis 2015;66:884-930. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.07.015
  16. Mandel-Shorer N, Tzvi-Behr S, Harvey E, Revel-Vilk S. Central venous catheter-related venous thrombosis in children with endstage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Thromb Res 2018;172:150-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2018.10.031
  17. Gittins NS, Hunter-Blair YL, Matthews JN, Coulthard MG. Comparison of alteplase and heparin in maintaining the patency of paediatric central venous haemodialysis lines: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child 2007;92:499-501. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.100065
  18. Pollack S, Eisenstein I, Tarabeih M, Shasha-Lavski H, Magen D, Zelikovic I. Long-term hemodialysis therapy in neonates and infants with end-stage renal disease: a 16-year experience and outcome. Pediatr Nephrol 2016;31:305-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3214-3
  19. Feinstein S, Rinat C, Becker-Cohen R, Ben-Shalom E, Schwartz SB, Frishberg Y. The outcome of chronic dialysis in infants and toddlers--advantages and drawbacks of haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008;23:1336-45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfm734
  20. Shroff R, Wright E, Ledermann S, Hutchinson C, Rees L. Chronic hemodialysis in infants and children under 2 years of age. Pediatr Nephrol 2003;18:378-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-003-1070-z
  21. Jones B, Cameron JS, Bewick M, Meadow SR, Ellis FG. Treatment of terminal renal failure in children by home dialysis and transplantation. Arch Dis Child 1971;46:457-64. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.46.248.457
  22. Hothi DK, Stronach L, Sinnott K. Home hemodialysis in children. Hemodial Int 2016;20:349-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.12421
  23. urowska AM, Fischbach M, Watson AR, Edefonti A, Stefanidis CJ; European Paediatric Dialysis Working Group. Clinical practice recommendations for the care of infants with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD5). Pediatr Nephrol 2013;28:1739-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-012-2300-z