Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigation of surface pressures on CAARC tall building concerning effects of turbulence

  • Li, Yonggui (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Structures for Wind Resistance and Vibration Control & School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Yan, Jiahui (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Structures for Wind Resistance and Vibration Control & School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Chen, Xinzhong (National Wind Institute, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University) ;
  • Li, Qiusheng (Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong) ;
  • Li, Yi (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Structures for Wind Resistance and Vibration Control & School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2019.07.26
  • Accepted : 2020.08.05
  • Published : 2020.10.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the surface pressures on the CAARC standard tall building model concerning the effects of freestream turbulence. Two groups of incidence turbulence are generated in the wind tunnel experiment. The first group has an approximately constant turbulence intensity of 10.3% but different turbulence integral scale varying from 0.141 m to 0.599 m or from 0.93 to 5.88 in terms of scale ratio (turbulence integral scale to building dimension). The second group presents similar turbulence integral scale but different turbulence intensity ranging from 7.2% to 13.5%. The experimental results show that the mean pressure coefficients on about half of the axial length of the side faces near the leading edge slightly decrease as the turbulence integral scale ratio that is larger than 4.25 increases, but respond markedly to the changes in turbulence intensity. The root-mean-square (RMS) and peak pressure coefficients depend on both turbulence integral scale and intensity. The RMS pressure coefficients increase with turbulence integral scale and intensity. As the turbulence integral scale increases from 0.141 m to 0.599 m, the mean peak pressure coefficient increases by 7%, 20% and 32% at most on the windward, side faces and leeward of the building model, respectively. As the turbulence intensity increases from 7.2% to 13.5%, the mean value of peak pressure coefficient increases by 47%, 69% and 23% at most on windward, side faces and leeward, respectively. The values of cross-correlations of fluctuating pressures increase as the turbulence integral scale increases, but decrease as turbulence intensity increases in most cases.

Keywords

References

  1. Akins, R.E., Peterka, J. A. and Cermak, J.E. (1977), "Mean force and moment coefficients for buildings in turbulent boundary layers", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 2(3), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(77)90022-8.
  2. Bastos, F., Caetano, E., Cunha, Á ., Cespedes, X. and Flamand, O. (2018), "Characterisation of the wind properties in the Grande Ravine viaduct", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 173, 112-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.12.012.
  3. Bienkiewicz, B. and Sun, Y. (1992), "Local wind loading on the roof of a low-rise building", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 45(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90003-S.
  4. Boggs, D.W. (2014), "The past, present and future of high-frequency balance testing", Wind Struct., 18(4), 323-345. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2014.18.4.323.
  5. Cermak, J.E. (2003), "Wind-tunnel development and trends in applications to civil engineering", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91(3), 355-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00396-3.
  6. Choi, C.K. and Kwon, D.K. (1998), "Wind tunnel blockage effects on aerodynamic behavior of bluff body", Wind Struct., 1(4), 351-364. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.1998.1.4.351
  7. Daemei, A.B. and Eghbali, S.R. (2019), "Study on aerodynamic shape optimization of tall buildings using architectural modifications in order to reduce wake region", Wind Struct., 29(2), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2019.29.2.139.
  8. Daniels, S.J., Castro, I.P. and Xie, Z.T. (2013), "Peak loading and surface pressure fluctuations of a tall building model", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 120, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.06.014.
  9. Deaves, D.M. (1978), "A mathematical model of the structure of atrong winds", CIRIA Report 76, Const Ind. Research and Inf. Assoc.
  10. Fransos, D. and Bruno, L. (2010), "Edge degree-of-sharpness and free-stream turbulence scale effects on the aerodynamics of a bridge deck", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 98(10-11), 661-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2010.06.008.
  11. Gartshore, I.S. (1973), "The effects of free stream turbulence on the drag of rectangular two-dimentional prism", University of Western Ontario, Faculty of Engineering Science, Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory.
  12. Gartshore, I.S. (1984), "Some effects of upstream turbulence on the unsteady lift forces imposed on prismatic two dimensional bodies", J. Fluids Eng., 106(4), 418-424. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3243140.
  13. Goliger, A.M. and Milford, R.V. (1988), "Sensitivity of the CAARC standard building model to geometric scale and turbulence", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 31(1), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(88)90190-0.
  14. Haan Jr, F.L., Kareem, A. and Szewczyk, A.A. (1998), "The effects of turbulence on the pressure distribution around a rectangular prism", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 77-78(1), 381-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00158-5.
  15. He, Y.C., Liang, Q.S., Li, Z., Fu, J.Y., Wu, J.R. and Deng, T. (2019), "Accurate estimation of tube-induced distortion effects on wind pressure measurements", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 188, 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2019.02.017.
  16. Hillier, R. and Cherry, N.J. (1981), "The effects of stream turbulence on separation bubbles", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 8(1-2), 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(81)90007-6.
  17. Holdo, A.E., Houghton, E.L. and Bhinder, F.S. (1982), "Some effects due to variations in turbulence integral length scales on the pressure distribution on wind-tunnel models of low-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 10(1), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(82)90057-5.
  18. Huang, Y. and Gu, M. (2018), "Wind-induced responses of supertall buildings considering soil-structure interaction", Wind Struct, 27(4), 223-234. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2018.27.4.223.
  19. Irwin, P.A. (2008), "Bluff body aerodynamics in wind engineering", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96(6-7), 701-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.06.008.
  20. Kiya, M. and Sasaki, K. (1983), "Free-stream turbulence effects on a separation bubble", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod, 14(1-3), 375-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(83)90039-9.
  21. Kwok, K. and Melbourne, W.H. (1980), "Freestream turbulence effects on galloping", J. Eng. Mech. Div., 106(2), 273-288. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEA3.0002584
  22. Lee, B.E. (1975a), "The effect of turbulence on the surface pressure field of a square prism", J. Fluid Mech., 69(2), 263-282. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112075001437
  23. Lee, B.E. (1975b), "Some effects of turbulence scale on the mean forces on a bluff body", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 1, 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(75)90030-6.
  24. Li, Q.S. and Melbourne, W.H. (1995), "An experimental investigation of the effects of free-stream turbulence on streamwise surface pressures in separated and reattaching flows", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 54-55, 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)00050-N.
  25. Li, Q.S. and Melbourne, W.H. (1999a), "Turbulence effects on surface pressures of rectangular cylinders", Wind Struct., 2(4), 253-266. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.1999.2.4.253.
  26. Li, Q.S. and Melbourne, W.H. (1999b), "The effect of large-scale turbulence on pressure fluctuations in separated and reattaching flows", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 83(1-3), 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00069-0.
  27. Li, Q.S., Hu, G. and Yan, B.W. (2014), "Investigation of the effects of free-stream turbulence on wind-induced responses of tall building by Large Eddy Simulation", Wind Struct., 18(6), 599-618. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2014.18.6.599.
  28. Li, Q.S., Hu, S.Y., Dai, Y.M. and He, Y.C. (2012), "Field measurements of extreme pressures on a flat roof of a low-rise building during typhoons", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 111, 14-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.08.003.
  29. Li, Q.S., Zhi, L.H. and Hu, F. (2009), "Field monitoring of boundary layer wind characteristics in urban area", Wind Struct., 12(6), 553-574. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2009.12.6.553
  30. Li, S.W., Hu, Z.Z., Chan, P.W. and Hu, G. (2017), "A study on the profile of the turbulence length scale in the near-neutral atmospheric boundary for sea (homogeneous) and hilly land (inhomogeneous) fetches", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 168, 200-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.06.008.
  31. Li, Y., Li, C., Li, Q.S., Song, Q., Huang, X. and Li, Y.G. (2020), "Aerodynamic performance of CAARC standard tall building model by various corner chamfers", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 202, 104197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104197.
  32. Li, Y., Li, Q.S. and Chen, F.B. (2017), "Wind tunnel study of wind-induced torques on L-shaped tall buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 167, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.04.013.
  33. Li, Y., Tian, X., Tee, K.F., Li, Q.S. and Li, Y.G. (2018), "Aerodynamic treatments for reduction of wind loads on high-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 172, 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.11.006.
  34. Liu, M., Chen, X. and Yang, Q. (2016), "Characteristics of dynamic pressures on a saddle type roof in various boundary layer flows", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 150, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.11.012.
  35. Loredo-Souza, A.M., Wittwer, A.R., Castro, H.G. and Vallis, M.B. (2017), "Characteristics of Zonda wind in South American Andes", Wind Struct., 24(6), 657-677. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2017.24.6.657.
  36. McLean, I. and Gartshore, I. (1992), "Spanwise correlations of pressure on a rigid square section cylinder", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod, 41(1-3), 797-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90498-Y.
  37. Melbourne, W.H. (1980a), "Turbulence effects on maximum surface pressures-a mechanism and possibility of reduction", Wind Eng., Pergamon, 541-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-8367-8.50055-3.
  38. Melbourne, W.H. (1980b), "Comparison of measurements on the CAARC standard tall building model in simulated model wind flows", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 6(1-2), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(80)90023-9.
  39. Melbourne, W.H. (1993), "Turbulence and the leading edge phenomenon", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod, 49(1-3), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(93)90005-9.
  40. Mendis, P., Ngo, T., Haritos, N., Hira, A., Samali, B. and Cheung, J. (2007), "Wind loading on tall buildings", Electron. J. Struct. Eng.,
  41. Mooneghi, M.A., Irwin, P. and Chowdhury, A.G. (2016), "Partial turbulence simulation method for predicting peak wind loads on small structures and building appurtenances", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod, 157, 47-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2016.08.003.
  42. Morrison, M.J. and Kopp, G.A. (2018), "Effects of turbulence intensity and scale on surface pressure fluctuations on the roof of a low-rise building in the atmospheric boundary layer", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod, 183, 140-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.10.017.
  43. Nakamura, Y. and Ozono, S. (1987), "The effects of turbulence on a separated and reattaching flow", J. Fluid Mech., 178, 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112087001320.
  44. Nakamura, Y., Ohya, Y. and Ozono, S. (1988), "The effects of turbulence on bluff-body mean flow", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod, 28(1-3), 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(88)90121-3
  45. Pratt, R.N. and Kopp, G.A. (2014), "Velocity field measurements above the roof of a low-rise building during peak suctions", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod, 133, 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.06.009.
  46. Quan, Y., Cao, H.L. and Gu, M. (2016), "Effects of turbulence intensity and exterior geometry on across-wind aerodynamic damping of rectangular super-tall buildings", Wind Struct., 22(2), 185-209. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2016.22.2.185.
  47. Saathoff, P.J. and Melbourne, W.H. (1987), "Freestream turbulence and wind tunnel blockage effects on streamwise surface pressures", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 26(3), 353-370. Freestream turbulence and wind tunnel blockage effects on streamwise surface pressures. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(87)90005-5
  48. Saathoff, P.J. and Melbourne, W.H. (1989), "The generation of peak pressures in separated/reattaching flows", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod, 32(1-2), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(89)90023-8.
  49. Saathoff, P.J. and Melbourne, W.H. (1997), "Effects of freestream turbulence on surface pressure fluctuations in a separation bubble", J. Fluid Mech., 337, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112096004594.
  50. Shu, Z.R. and Li, Q.S. (2017), "An experimental investigation of surface pressures in separated and reattaching flows: effects of freestream turbulence and leading edge geometry", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 165, 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.03.004.
  51. Sitheeq, M.M., Iyengar, A.K. and Farell, C. (1997), "Effect of turbulence and its scales on the pressure field on the surface of a three-dimensional square prism", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 69, 461-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00177-3.
  52. Surry, D. and Djakovich, D. (1995), "Fluctuating pressures on models of tall buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 58(1-2), 81-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(95)00015-J.
  53. Tieleman, H.W., Reinhold, T.A. and Hajj, M.R. (1997), "Importance of turbulence for the prediction of surface pressures on low-rise structures", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 69, 519-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00182-7.
  54. Wacker, J. and Plate, E.J. (1992), "Correlation structure of wind pressure buffeting on cuboidal buildings and corresponding effective area wind loads", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 43(1-3), 1865-1876. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90603-8.
  55. Wardlaw, R.L. and Moss, G.F. (1970), "A standard tall building model for the comparison of simulated natural winds in wind tunnels", CAARC, CC 662m Tech, 25.
  56. Yan, L., Zhu, L. and Flay, R.G. (2016), "Span-wise correlation of wind-induced fluctuating forces on a motionless flat-box bridge deck", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 156, 115-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2016.07.004.
  57. Zu, G.B. and Lam, K.M. (2018), "Across-wind excitation mechanism for interference of twin tall buildings in tandem arrangement", Wind Struct., 26(6), 397-413. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2018.26.6.397.