Korean journal of applied entomology (한국응용곤충학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Entomology (한국응용곤충학회)
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Analysis of Nutritional Compounds and Antioxidant Effect of Freeze-Dried powder of the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Drone (Pupal stage)

서양종 꿀벌(Apis mellifera L.) 수벌번데기 동결건조 분말의 영양학적 성분 및 항산화 효과

  • Kim, Jung-Eun (Jeonnam Insect and Sericultural Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Do-Ik (Jeonnam Insect and Sericultural Research Institute) ;
  • Koo, Hui-Yeon (Jeonnam Insect and Sericultural Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Hyeon-Jin (Jeonnam Insect and Sericultural Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Seong-Yeon (Jeonnam Insect and Sericultural Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Yoo-Beom (Jeonnam Insect and Sericultural Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Soo (Jeonnam Insect and Sericultural Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Ho-Hyuk (Jeonnam Insect and Sericultural Research Institute) ;
  • Moon, Jae-Hak (Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Yong-Soo (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, R.D.A.)
  • 김정은 (전남농업기술원 곤충잠업연구소) ;
  • 김도익 (전남농업기술원 곤충잠업연구소) ;
  • 구희연 (전남농업기술원 곤충잠업연구소) ;
  • 김현진 (전남농업기술원 곤충잠업연구소) ;
  • 김성연 (전남농업기술원 곤충잠업연구소) ;
  • 이유범 (전남농업기술원 곤충잠업연구소) ;
  • 김지수 (전남농업기술원 곤충잠업연구소) ;
  • 김호혁 (전남농업기술원 곤충잠업연구소) ;
  • 문제학 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학) ;
  • 최용수 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원)
  • Received : 2020.05.25
  • Accepted : 2020.08.26
  • Published : 2020.09.01
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Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the nutritional ingredients of drone pupae (16th to 20th instar old) to evaluate the value of bee products and provide basic data for product diversification, and the extracts prepared using these pupae were tested for physiological activity. According to the analysis of the general ingredients of the freeze-dried powder of these bee pupae, the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash was 1.69 ± 0.07%, 48.52 ± 0.20%, 23.41 ± 0.14%, and 4.05 ± 0.02%, respectively. Vitamin C and vitamin E were 14.92 ± 0.52 mg/100 g and 6.06 ± 0.11 mg α-TE/100 g, respectively. Regarding minerals, the highest content of K (1349.13 ± 34.57 mg/100 g) and P (1323.55 ± 43.85 mg/100 g) was observed and Ca and Fe were 55.43 ± 1.51 mg/100 g and 5.49 ± 0.19 mg/100 g, respectively. The fatty acids of the water extracted freeze-dried pupae powder accounted for approximately 59.62 of saturated fatty acids and 40.38 of unsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16:0) was 35.49 ± 0.08 and oleic acid (C18:1, n-9) was 35.91 ± 0.22 (g/100 g total fatty acids). The total amino acid content was 38.99 ± 2.63 g/100 g and the free amino acid was a total of 5129.04 mg/100 g, of which 1257.68 mg/100 g was proline and 759.12 mg/100 g glutamic acid. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the drone pupae extract showed values of 0.8 for distilled water extract, 3.2 for 50% EtOH extract, 6.4 for 70% EtOH extract, and approximately 90% for 32 ㎍/mL for 100% EtOH extract. These results suggest that the main compound contributing to the antioxidant activity is a polar compound, and it is highly likely to be a low-molecular protein or a free amino acid. In conclusion, the honey bee drone pupa is excellent as a food resource and can be utilized as a new functional material for food and functional food.

본 연구에서는 양봉산물로서의 가치 평가와 제품다양화를 위한 기초자료 제공을 위해 수벌번데기(16 ~ 20일령)의 영양성분분석 및 이를 이용한 추출물을 제조하고 생리활성 효과를 검정하였다. 수벌번데기 동결건조 분말의 일반성분 분석 결과 수분 1.69 ± 0.07%, 조단백 48.52 ± 0.20%, 조지방 23.41 ± 0.14%, 조회분 4.05 ± 0.02% 였고, vitamin C 14.92 ± 0.52 mg/100 g, vitamin E 6.06 ± 0.11 mg α-TE/100 g 이었으며, 무기성분은 K과 P의 함량(mg/100g)이 각각 1,349.13 ± 34.57 및 1,323.55 ± 43.85로 가장 높게 함유되어 있고, Ca과 Fe의 함량은 각각 55.43 ± 1.51 및 5.49 ± 0.19가 함유된 것으로 분석되었다. 수벌번데기 동결건조분말 중에 함유된 지방산은 포화지방산(g/100g total fatty acids)이 약 59.62, 불포화지방산이 약 40.38을 차지하였고, 고급지방산인 palmitic acid (C16:0)가 35.49 ± 0.08, 그리고 oleic acid (C18:1, n-9)가 35.91 ± 0.22로 다량 함유되어 있었다. 구성아미노산(g/100 g)은 총 38.99 ± 2.63이 함유된 것으로 분석되었고, 유리아미노산(mg/100 g)은 총 5,129.04 였으며, 이중 proline이 1,257.68, glutamic acid가 759.12로 가장 높았다. 수벌번데기 추출물의 DPPH radical-scavenging 활성(㎍/ml)은 증류수추출 시 0.8, 50% EtOH 추출 시 3.2, 70% EtOH 추출 시 6.4, 그리고 EtOH 추출 시 32 농도에서 약 90% 이상이었다. 이와 같은 결과는 항산화능에 기여하는 주요 화합물이 극성계 화합물임으로 추정되었으며, 저분자단백질 또는 유리형 아미노산일 가능성이 높은 것으로 추측되었다. 이상의 결과와 같이 수벌번데기는 우수한 식품원료로의 사용과 새로운 기능성 소재로의 활용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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