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Development of Pozzolanic material from clay

  • Alaskar, Abdulaziz (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University) ;
  • Shah, S.N.R. (Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, SZAB Campus) ;
  • Keerio, Manthar Ali (Quaid e Awam University College of Engineering Science & Technology) ;
  • Phulpoto, Javed Ali (Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, SZAB Campus) ;
  • Baharom, Shahrizan (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) ;
  • Assilzadeh, Hamid (Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University) ;
  • Alyousef, Rayed (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Alabduljabbar, Hisham (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Mohamed, Abdeliazim Mustafa (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University)
  • Received : 2019.09.23
  • Accepted : 2020.09.11
  • Published : 2020.10.25
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Abstract

The following paper concentrates on the objective of studying the influences of extent of duration and temperature on the Pozzolanic properties as well as reactivity of locally existing natural clay of Nai Gaj, district Dadu, Sindh Pakistan. The activation of the clay only occurs through heating when temperature in a furnace chamber reaches 600, 700 and 800oC for 1, 2 and 3 hours and at 900 and 1000℃ for 1 and 2 hours. Furthermore, the strength activity index (SAI) of advanced pozzolanic material happens to be identified through 20% cement replacement for different samples of calcined clay as per ASTM C-618. The compressive strength test of samples had been operated for 7 and 28-days curing afterwards. The maximum compressive strength had been seen in mix E in which cement was replaced with clay calcined at 700℃ for 1 hour that is 27.05 MPa that is 24.31% more than that of control mix. The results gathered from the SAI verdicts the optimal activation temperature is 700℃ within a one-hour time period. The SAI at a temperature of 700℃ with a one-hour duration at 28 days is 124.31% which happens to satisfy the requirements of the new Pozzolanic material, in order to be applied in mortar/concrete (i.e., 75%). The Energy- dispersive spectrometry (EDS) along with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been carried out in means of verifying whether there is silica content or amorphous silica present in metakaolin that has been developed. The findings gathered from the SAI were validated, as the analysis of XRD verified that there is in fact Pozzolanic activity of developed metakaolin. Additionally, based on observation, the activated metakaolin holds a significant influence on the increase in mortar's compressive strength.

Keywords

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  78. Shariati, A. (2014), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors in high strength concrete", M.SC, Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
  79. Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012a), "Investigation of channel shear connectors for composite concrete and steel T-beam", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(11), 1828-1831. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1604.
  80. Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012b), "Various types of shear connectors in composite structures: A review", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(22), 2876-2890.
  81. Shariati, M. (2013), "Behaviour of C-shaped shear connectors in stell concrete composite beams", Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
  82. Shariati, M. (2020), "Evaluation of seismic performance factors for tension-only braced frames", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(4), 599-609. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.4.599.
  83. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2019a), "Comparison of dynamic behavior of shallow foundations based on pile and geosynthetic materials in fine-grained clayey soils", Geomech. Eng., 19(6), 473. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.6.473.
  84. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2020a), "Evaluating the impacts of using piles and geosynthetics in reducing the settlement of fine-grained soils under static load", Geomech. Eng., 20(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.087.
  85. Shariati, M., Faegh, S.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahavarnia, S., Zandi, Y., Masoom, D.R., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2019b), "Numerical study on the structural performance of corrugated low yield point steel plate shear walls with circular openings", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(4), 569-581. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.569.
  86. Shariati, M., Ghorbani, M., Naghipour, M., Alinejad, N. and Toghroli, A. (2020b), "The effect of RBS connection on energy absorption in tall buildings with braced tube frame system", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 393. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.393.
  87. Shariati, M., Heyrati, A., Zandi, Y., Laka, H., Toghroli, A., Kianmehr, P., Safa, M., Salih, M. N. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019c), "Application of waste tire rubber aggregate in porous concrete", Smart Struct. Syst., 24(4), 553-566. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.4.553.
  88. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Ghahremani, B., Azarhomayun, F., Ahmadi, M., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020c), "A novel hybrid extreme learning machine-grey wolf optimizer (ELM-GWO) model to predict compressive strength of concrete with partial replacements for cement", Eng. Comput., 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01081-0.
  89. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Haido, J.H., Yousif, S.T., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020d), "Identification of the most influencing parameters on the properties of corroded concrete beams using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(1), 155. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.155.
  90. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Ahmadi, M., Wakil, K., Trung, N.T. and Toghroli, A. (2020e), "Prediction of concrete strength in presence of furnace slag and fly ash using Hybrid ANN-GA (Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm)", Smart Struct. Syst., 25(2), 183. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.2.183.
  91. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A., Zandi, Y., Salih, M.N., Nguyen, H., Dou, J., Song, X. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019d), "Application of a hybrid artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO) model in behavior prediction of channel shear connectors embedded in normal and high-strength concrete", Appl. Sci., 9(24), 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245534.
  92. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, A., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2020). "A novel approach to predict shear strength of tilted angle connectors using artificial intelligence techniques", Eng. Comput., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00930-x.
  93. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Zandi, Y., Dehghani, D., Bahadori, A., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019e), "Application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Genetic Programming (GP) to design steel-concrete composite floor systems at elevated temperatures", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.319.
  94. Shariati, M., Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G., Toghroli, A. and Tabarestani, N.P. (2020f), "Numerical study on the axial compressive behavior of built-up CFT columns considering different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 377. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.377.
  95. Shariati, M., Rafiei, S., Zandi, Y., Fooladvand, R., Gharehaghaj, B., Shariat, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N., Mehrabi, P. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019f), "Experimental investigation on the effect of cementitious materials on fresh and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 8(3), 225-237. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.3.225.
  96. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2010), "Experimental and analytical study on channel shear connectors in light weight aggregate concrete", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures, July, Sydney.
  97. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2012c), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34(0), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.
  98. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Mahoutian, M. (2011a), "Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete", Scientif. Res. Essay., 6(4), 977-983.
  99. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Shafigh, P. and Sinaei, H. (2011b), "Assessing the strength of reinforced concrete structures through Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Schmidt Rebound Hammer tests", Scientif. Res. Essay., 6(1), 213-220.
  100. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011c), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Korea.
  101. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2015), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8.
  102. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Kueh, A.B.H. (2016), "Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study", Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.102.
  103. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shafigh, P. (2011d), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (Experimental and analytical study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303
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