Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Water security assessment of Asian countries for sustainable water management

지속가능한 물 관리를 위한 아시아 국가별 물 안보 평가

  • Park, Seo-Yeon (Department of Civil Engineering, Joongbu University) ;
  • Lee, Seungho (Graduate School of International Studies, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Ju (Department of Civil Engineering, Joongbu University) ;
  • Lee, Joo-Heon (Department of Civil Engineering, Joongbu University)
  • Received : 2020.04.27
  • Accepted : 2020.06.04
  • Published : 2020.09.30
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Abstract

Recognizing a complexity of global water challenges, such as water shortage, water pollution, water-related disasters, and degradation of water environments, this study introduces the newly established concept and definition of water security and water security assessment framework based on the review of previous works on water security. In order to critically assess the situations of water security of each country, an water security assessment framework is employed highlighting the four core areas: 1) social equity; 2) economic efficiency; 3) environmental sustainability; and 4) resilience to water-related disasters. 28 Asian countries have been selected and evaluated for the level of water security, and as a consequence, Japan, Malaysia and South Korea demonstrate a high degree of water security whereas India, Pakistan and the Philippines show a relatively low level of water security. The significance of this study lies in clarifying weak areas in water security as well as suggesting the areas that should be improved for achieving sustainable water management.

전 세계가 물 부족, 수질오염, 수재해, 물환경 생태계 파괴 등과 같은 물 문제에 직면한 상황에서 본 연구는 기존 물 문제에 대한 현실 인식을 기반으로 현재까지의 물 안보 논의를 정리하고 비판적으로 검토함으로써 물 안보에 대한 체계적인 정의를 내리고자 하였다. 또한, 각국의 물 안보 현황을 분석하기 위하여 물 안보 평가 프레임워크를 제시하여 사회적 형평성, 경제적 효율성, 환경적 지속가능성, 수재해 회복 탄력성 등 4개 핵심 분야(core area)에서 물 안보 상황을 평가하였다. 대상으로는 한국을 포함한 아시아 28개국을 선정하여 4개 핵심 분야에서 각국의 물 안보를 평가하였고 한국은 일본, 말레이시아와 함께 물 안보 상황이 좋은 상위군에 속하였고 인도, 파키스탄, 필리핀 등은 물 안보 하위권에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 제시한 물 안보 정의와 평가 프레임워크는 각국의 물 안보 현황 인식에 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라 향후 물 안보 향상을 위해 중점적으로 노력해야 하는 부분을 제시한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Keywords

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