Informatization Policy (정보화정책)

National Information Society Agency (한국지능정보사회진흥원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Digital Divide on the Use of Online Services in the Severely Disabled People: Focusing on Online Accessibility

중증장애인의 온라인 서비스 이용에 대한 디지털 정보격차의 영향: 온라인 접근성을 중심으로

  • Jang, Changki (Graduate School of Public Policy and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Sung, WookJoon (Graduate School of Public Policy and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2020.04.28
  • Accepted : 2020.06.19
  • Published : 2020.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to empirically examine the effects of motivation and skill for digital devices and the Internet on the use of online services in the severely disabled people. In addition to the general effect of digital divide, particularly for the case of severely disabled people, the effects of physical and mental inconvenience of individuals were taken into account and the moderating effect was confirmed by classifying the groups that need help with online activities and those that do not. The 2018 Digital Divide Survey data of the National Information Society Agency was used for the study. As a research method, path analysis and multi-group analysis using a sequence access model to Internet use were performed. As a result, it was confirmed that even in the case of the disabled, the motivational factor affects the skill for digital device operation and Internet use, and this access skill sequentially affects the use of online services. In particular, it was found that the effect of strategic and technical skill for internet use is the most important for the use of online services for the disabled rather than the motivation or a simple operational skill for digital devices. In addition, it was found that even in the disabled group, those requiring help in using the Internet was more passive in using the online service than the rest in the group. The results of this study suggest the need for stronger capacity for physical access as well as support in building strategic and technical skills that enhance responsibilities and protect from risks in using the Internet among the people with disabilities.

본 연구는 중증장애인을 대상으로 온라인 서비스 이용에서 동기적 요인과 기술적 역량의 영향을 실증적으로 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한, 디지털 정보격차의 영향 이외에도 중증장애인이 가지고 있는 신체적 및 정신적 부자유에 따른 영향을 모두 고려하여 온라인 활동에 조력이 필요한 집단과 그렇지 않은 집단을 구분하고 집단간 조절 효과를 확인하였다. 연구에 사용된 데이터는 한국정보화진흥원의 2018년 디지털정보격차 실태조사 데이터를 이용하였다. 연구방법은 인터넷 이용에 대한 연속적 접근 모형을 적용한 경로분석과 다집단분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 장애인의 경우에도 동기적 요인이 기기 운용과 인터넷 이용을 위한 기술적 역량에 영향을 미치며, 이러한 기술적 접근 역량이 온라인 서비스 이용에 연속적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, 장애인의 온라인 서비스 이용에는 동기적 요인이나 기기에 대한 단순한 운용기술보다 인터넷 이용을 위한 전략적 기술 역량의 효과가 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 장애인 집단 내에서도 인터넷 이용에 조력이 필요한 집단이 그렇지 않은 집단에 비해 온라인 서비스 이용에 더 소극적인 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 장애인을 대상으로 한 물리적 접근에 대한 역량 강화와 더불어 인터넷 이용을 위한 책임과 위험에 대한 보호 능력을 강화하는 전략적 기술 역량의 지원 필요성을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, J. & Gerbing, D. (1988). "Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach." Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  2. Bagozzi, R. & Yi, Y. (1988). "On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
  3. Bradley, N. & Poppen, W. (2003). "Assistive Technology, Computers and Internet may Decrease Sense of Isolation for Homebound Elderly and Disabled Persons." Technology and Disability, 15(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.3233/TAD-2003-15104
  4. Chadwick, D., Wesson, C. & Fullwood, C. (2013). "Internet Access by People with Intellectual Disabilities: Inequalities and Opportunities." Future Internet, 5(3), 376-397. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi5030376
  5. Cho, J. (2003). "The Effect of Disability on Information Accessibility." Korean Journal of Sociology, 37(6), 209-232.
  6. Davis, F., Bagozzi, R. & Warshaw, P. (1992). "Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace." Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x
  7. Dobransky, K. & Hargittai, E. (2016). "Unrealized Potential: Exploring the Digital Disability Divide." Poetics, 58, 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2016.08.003
  8. Duplaga, M. (2017). "Digital Divide among People with Disabilities: Analysis of Data from a Nationwide Study for Determinants of Internet Use and Activities Performed Online." PLoS ONE, 12(6), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179825
  9. Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. (1981). "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error." Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  10. Haddon, L. (2000). "Social Exclusion and Information and Communication Technologies." New Media & Society, 2(4), 387-406.
  11. Hargittai, E. (2004). "Internet Access and Use in Context." New Media & Society, 6(1), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444804042310
  12. Hargittai, E. (2010). "Digital Na(t)ives? Variation in Internet Skills and Uses among Members of the Net Generation." Sociological Inquiry, 80(1), 92-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.x
  13. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. & Sarstedt, M. (2014). "A New Criterion for Assessing Discriminant Validity in Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  14. Hoffmann, R. (2008). Concepts of Social Inequality. In R. Hoffmann (ed.), Socioeconomic Differences in Old Age Mortality, 29-55. NY: Springer
  15. Hsieh, Y. (2012). "Online Social Networking Skills: The Social Affordances Approach to Digital Inequality." First Monday, 17(4).
  16. Hwang, J. (2019). "The Effect of Digital Divide on Life Satisfaction of Disabled People. " Informatization Policy, 26(3), 53-68.
  17. Jang, C. & Sung, W. (2020). "Impact of Digital Divide on Online Political Participation: With Focus on the Gap of Operational Skills of Digital Device Users." Informatization Policy, 27(1), 36-54. https://doi.org/10.22693/NIAIP.2020.27.1.036
  18. Jin, S. (2013). "An Analysis On The Trend of Digital Divide: Case Of Korea." Journal of Korean Associastion for Regional Information Society, 16(3), 161-188.
  19. Kim, G. (2014). "An Exploratory Analysis on Relationship between Digital Divide and Social Exclusion in Korea." Journal of Korean Associastion for Regional Information Society, 17(2), 61-88.
  20. Kim, M. & Lee, J. (2013). "A Study on Analyzing the Disabled-related Information Behavior." Journal of the Korean Society for Information Management, 30(2), 169-188. https://doi.org/10.3743/KOSIM.2013.30.2.169
  21. Kim, T. & Do, S. (2005). "The Analysis of Digital Divide between Disabled and Non-disabled People." Social Welfare Policy, 21, 341-364.
  22. Lee, H. & Lee, S. (2018). "A Study on the Relationship between Digital Informatization Level and Policy Activity Satisfaction Level of Disabled Persons." Journal of Digital Convergence, 16(4), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2018.16.4.023
  23. Lin, K. & Lu, H. (2011). "Why People Use Social Networking Sites: An Empirical Study Integrating Network Externalities and Motivation Theory." Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1152-1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009
  24. Marsh, H., Wen, Z. & Hau, K. (2004). "Structural Equation Models of Latent Interactions: Evaluation of Alternative Estimation Strategies and Indicator Construction." Psychological Methods, 9(3), 275-300. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.9.3.275
  25. McKenzie, K. (2007). "Digital Divides: The Implications for Social Inclusion." Learning Disability Practice, 10(6), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.7748/ldp2007.07.10.6.16.c4272
  26. Ministry of Science and ICT & National Information Society Agency. (2018). 2018 The Report on the Digital Divide. Daegu: National Information Society Agency.
  27. Ministry of Science and ICT & National Information Society Agency. (2019). 2019 The Report on Web Accesibility. Daegu: National Information Society Agency.
  28. Ministry of the Interior and Safety. (2011). 2011 National Informatization White Paper. Seoul: Ministry of the Interior and Safety.
  29. Min, Y. (2011). "The Digital Divide among Internet Users : An Analysis of Digital Access, Literacy, and Participation." Journal of Communication Research, 48(1), 150-187. https://doi.org/10.22174/jcr.2011.48.1.150
  30. Muthen, B. (1984). "A General Structural Equation Model with Dichotomous, Ordered Categorical, and Continuous Latent Variable Indicators." Psychometrika, 49(1), 115-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294210
  31. Nam, S. (2011). "Does Digital Divide Exist in Disabled Consumer? Verification of Moderating Effect for Age and Education Level." Korean Society Of Consumer Studies, 22(2), 303-321.
  32. National Information Society Agency. (2019). 2019 National Informatization White Paper. Daegu: National Information Society Agency.
  33. Ono, H. & Zavodny, M. (2007). "Digital Inequality: A Five Country Comparison Using Microdata." Social Science Research, 36(3), 1135-1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.09.001
  34. Palmer, S., Wehmeyer, M., Davies, D. & Stock, S. (2012). "Family Members' Reports of the Technology Use of Family Members with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56(4), 402-414. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01489.x
  35. Preacher, K. & Hayes, A. (2008). "Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models." Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  36. Putnam, R. (1995). "Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America." Political Science and Politics, 28(4), 664-683. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096500058856
  37. Segars, A. (1997). "Assessing the Unidimensionality of Measurement: A Paradigm and Illustration within the Context of Information Systems Research." Omega, 25(1), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0483(96)00051-5
  38. Seo, H. & Myeong, S. (2016). "Research Trends and Issues on Digital Divide: Focusing on Korean Journals." Journal of Korean Associastion for Regional Information Society, 19(4), 151-187
  39. Song, J. & Kim, D. (2014). "A study on Ability and Utilization of Smart Devices for the Disabled: Focusing on the Effect of Education for Smart Device Utilization." Informatization Policy, 21(2), 67-88. https://doi.org/10.22693/NIAIP.2014.21.2.067
  40. Uslaner, E. (2000). "Social Capital and the Net." Communications of the ACM, 43(12), 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1145/355112.355125
  41. van Deursen, A. & van Dijk, J. (2014). "The Digital Divide Shifts to Differences in Usage." New Media and Society, 16(3), 507-526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487959
  42. van Deursen, A., van Dijk, J. & Peters, O. (2011). "Rethinking Internet Skills: The Contribution of Gender, Age, Education, Internet Experience, and Hours Online to Medium- and Content-related Internet Skills." Poetics, 39, 125-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2011.02.001
  43. van Deursen, A. & van Dijk, J. (2011). "Internet Skills and the Digital Divide." New Media and Society, 13(6), 893-911. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810386774
  44. van Dijk, J. (2005). The Deepening Divide: Inequality in the Information Society . CA: SAGE Publications.
  45. van Dijk, J. & Hacker, K. (2003). "The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon." Information Society, 19, 315-326. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240309487
  46. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M., Davis, G. & Davis, F. (2003). "User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View." MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
  47. Vicente, M. & Lopez, A. (2010). "A Multidimensional Analysis of the Disability Digital Divide: Some Evidence for Internet Use." The Information Society, 26(1), 48-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440903423245
  48. Wellman, B., Haase, A., Witte, J. & Hampton, K. (2001). "Does the Internet Increase, Decrease, or Supplement Social Capital?" American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 436-455. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027640121957286