DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Practical relations to quantify the amount of damage of SWRCFs using pushover analysis

  • Received : 2020.06.17
  • Accepted : 2020.08.21
  • Published : 2020.09.25

Abstract

Quantifying the amount of damage of structures under earthquakes is an interesting issue that researchers have attended on and have presented some damage indices. Whereas a lot of damage indices have been introduced based on nonlinear dynamic analysis, computational effort, the calculus complicacy and time-consuming of this analysis are the main drawbacks to widespread use of these indices. The objective of this study is to quantify the damage of Shear Wall Reinforced Concrete Frames (SWRCFs) based on pushover analysis as a procedure that can reflect the behavior of structures from elastic to collapse. For this purpose, firstly, several SWRCFs are designed and the capacity spectrum of each one is achieved via pushover analysis. After that, the static damage indices of the designed frames are obtained. Then, nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on these frames and the Park and Ang damage index as the basis damage criterion is achieved. Afterward, some relations are presented to predict the dynamic damage of these frames via pushover analysis. Eventually, to confirm the validity of the proposed relations, the values of Park and Ang damage index of three new SWRCFs are acquired once utilizing nonlinear dynamic analysis and again applying the introduced relations. Outcomes prove the validity of some presented damage indices.

Keywords

References

  1. Applied Technology Council, ATC40 (1997), Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings California Seismic Safety Commission.
  2. Banon, H. and Biggs, J.M. (1981), "Seismic damage in reinforced concrete frames", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 107(9), 1713-1729. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0005778
  3. Banon, H. and Veneziano, D. (1982), "Seismic safety of reinforced concrete members and structures", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 10(2), 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290100202.
  4. Belejo, A., Barbosa, A.R. and Bento, R. (2017), "Influence of ground motion duration on damage index-based fragility assessment of a plan-asymmetric non-ductile reinforced concrete building", Eng. Struct., 151, 682-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.08.042.
  5. Bracci, J.M., Reinhorn, A.M., Mander, J.B. and Kunnath, S.K. (1989), "Deterministic model for seismic damage evaluation of RC structures", Technical Report NCCEER-89-0033, National Center for earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
  6. Cakmak, A.S. and Dipasquale, E. (1990), "Seismic damage assessment using linear models", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 9(4), 194-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(05)80010-7.
  7. Cao, V.V., Ronagh, H.R., Ashraf, M. and Baji, H. (2014), "A new damage index for reinforced concrete structures", Earthq. Struct., 6(6), 581-609. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.6.6.581.
  8. Colombo, A. and Negro, P. (2005), "A damage index of generalized applicability"; Eng. Struct., 27(8), 1163-1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.02.014.
  9. Diaz, S.A., Pujades, L.G., Barbat, A.H., Vargas, Y.F. and Hidalgo-Leiva, D.A. (2017), "Energy damage index based on capacity and response spectra", Eng. Struct., 152, 424-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.09.019.
  10. Do, T.N. and Filippou, F.C. (2018), "A damage model for structures with degrading response", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 47(2), 311-332. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2952.
  11. Erduran, E. and Yakut, A. (2004), "Drift based damage fumctions for reinforced concrete columns", J. Comput. Struct., 82(2-3), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2003.10.003.
  12. Estekanchi, H. and Arjmandi, K. (2007), "Comparison of damage indexes in nonlinear time history analysis of steel moment frames", Asian J. Civil Eng. (Build. Hous.), 8(6), 629-646.
  13. Estekanchi, H., Arjomandi, K. and Vafai, A. (2008), "Estimating structural damage of steel moment frames by Endurance Time method", Constr. Steel Res., 64(2), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2007.05.010.
  14. Falerio, S., Oller, S. and Barbat, A. (2008), "Plastic-damage seismic model for reinforced concrete frames", Comput. Struct., 86(7-8), 581-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2007.08.007.
  15. Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA273 (1997). NEHRP Guidline for The Seismic Rehabilitation of Building. Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington DC.
  16. Gharehbaghi, S. (2018), "Damage controlled optimum seismic design of reinforced concrete framed structures", Struct. Eng. Mech., 65(1), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.65.1.053.
  17. Habibi, A.R. and Izadpanah, M. (2012), "New method for the design of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames with damage control", Scientia Iranica, 19(2), 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2012.02.007.
  18. Hai, L.T., Li, G.Q., Wang, Y.B., Sun, F.F. and Jin, H.J. (2019), "Experimental investigation on cyclic behavior of Q690D high strength steel H-section beam-columns about strong axis", Eng. Struct., 189, 157-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.060.
  19. Homaei, F., Shojaee, S. and Amiri, G.G. (2014), "A direct damage detection method using multiple damage localization index based on mode shapes criterion", Struct. Eng. Mech., 49(2), 183-202. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.49.2.183.
  20. Hoseini Vaez, S.R. and Tabaei Aghdaei, S.S. (2019), "Effect of the frequency content of earthquake excitation on damage detection in steel frames", J. Rehab. Civil Eng., 7(1), 124-140. https://doi.org/jrce.2018.12887.1228.
  21. Huang, J.L. and Lu, Z.R. (2017), "BB-BC optimization algorithm for structural damage detection using measured acceleration responses", Struct. Eng. Mech., 64(3), 353-360. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.64.3.353.
  22. Izadpanah, M. and Habibi, A.R. (2018), "New spread plasticity model for reinforced concrete structural elements accounting for both gravity and lateral load effects", J. Struct. Eng., 144(5), 04018028. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002016.
  23. Kang, J.W. and Lee, J. (2016), "A new damage index for seismic fragility analysis of reinforced concrete columns", Struct. Eng. Mech., 60(5), 875-890. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.60.5.875.
  24. Kratzing, W.B., Meyer, I.F. and Meskouris, K. (1989), "Damage evolution in reinforced concrete members under cyclic loading", Proceedings of the 5th Int. Conf. on Structural Safety and reliability (ICOSSAR89), San Francisco CA, 11, 795-802.
  25. Kunnath, S.K. and Reinhorn, A.M. (1989), "Inelastic three-dimensional response analysis of reinforced concrete building structures (IDARC-3D)", National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY.
  26. Kunnath, S.K., Reinhorn, A.M. and Lobo, R.F. (1992), IDARC Version 3.0: A Program for the Inelastic Damage Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY:
  27. Mourlas, C., Markou, G. and Papadrakakis, M. (2019), "Accurate and computationally efficient nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete structures considering damage factors", Eng. Struct., 178, 258-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.034.
  28. Moustafa, A. and Mahmoud, S. (2014), "Damage assessment of adjacent buildings under earthquake loads", Eng. Struct., 61, 153-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.01.004.
  29. Otani, S. and Sozen, M.A. (1972), "Behavior of multi- story reinforced concrete frames during earthquakes", Structural Research Series No. 392, Civil Engineering Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
  30. Park, Y.J. and Ang, A.H.S. (1985), "Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 111(4), 722-739. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(722)
  31. Powell, G.H. and Allahabadi, R. (1988), "Seismic damage prediction by deterministic methods: Concepts and procedures", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 16(5), 719-734. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290160507.
  32. Rodriguez, M.E. and Padilla, D. (2009), "A damage index for the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete members", J. Earthq. Eng., 13(3), 364-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460802597893.
  33. Saiidi, M. and Sozen, M.A. (1981), "Simple nonlinear seismic analysis of R/C xtructures", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 107(5), 937-952. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0005714
  34. Sakka, Z.I., Assakkaf, I.A. and Qazweeni, J.S. (2018), "Reliability-based assessment of damaged concrete buildings", Struct. Eng. Mech., 65(6), 751-760. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.65.6.751.
  35. Samadi, M. (2016), "Damage analysis of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames with shear wall using pushover method", M.Sc. Thesis, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
  36. Wang, M.L. and Shah, S.P. (1987), "Reinforced concrete hysteresis model based in the damage concept", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 15(8), 993-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(89)90116-7.
  37. Yue, J. (2018), "Multilevel seismic damage behavior correlation analysis for RC framed structures", Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, Article ID 2364297. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2364297.
  38. Zameeruddin, M., Saleemuddin, M. and Sangle, K.K. (2017), "Seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete structure using non-linear static analyses", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 21(4), 1319-1330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-0541-2.
  39. Zare Hosseinzadeh, A., Ghodrati Amiri, G. and Seyed Razzaghi, S.A. (2016), "A new damage index for structural damage Iidentification by means of wavelet residual force", Iran Univ. Sci. Technol., 6(2), 269-286.
  40. Zhang, X., Wong, K. and Wang, Y. (2007), "Performance assessment of moment resisting during earthquakes base on the force analogy method", Eng. Struct., 29(10), 2792-2802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.01.024.