DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Differences in Smartphone Addiction Symptoms between Highly Addicted and Non-addicted among Middle School Students by Types of Risk Groups

청소년의 스마트폰 중독 위험군과 비중독군의 스마트폰 중독 관련 요인

  • Kim, Sang-Hee (Department of Nursing, Inje University) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Yee (Department of Nursing, Choonhae College of Health Science) ;
  • Jun, So-Yeun (Department of Nursing, Seoul Womens College of Nursing) ;
  • Woo, Kyung-Mi (Department of Nursing, Dongwon Institute of Science and Technology)
  • 김상희 (인제대학교 간호학과) ;
  • 김정이 (춘해보건대학교 간호학과) ;
  • 전소연 (서울여자간호대학교 간호학과) ;
  • 우경미 (동원과학기술대학교 간호학과)
  • Received : 2020.03.30
  • Accepted : 2020.05.18
  • Published : 2020.08.31

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of various factors on smartphone addiction according to types of risk groups among middle school students. Methods: Data of 223 students were collected from February 1st to 22nd of 2020. The collected data were analyzed through t-test, χ2 test, correlaton coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The smartphone addiction scale was used to classify the participants into two groups; 18.8% (n=42) of the total respondents were categorized as the addiction risk group and 81.2% (n=181) were categorized as the general population group. Results: The factors associated with the students in the high risk group were grade (t=3.89, p=.036) and religion (F=3.79, p=.044). In the high risk group, psychological anxiety (β=.39, p=.005) and relapse of internet addiction (β=.38, p=.006) explained 46.0% of smartphone addiction, while in the normal risk group, relapse of internet addiction (β=.42, p<.001), psychological anxiety (β=.22, p=.004), tolerance of internet addiction (β=.17, p=.007), and academic stress (β=.14, p=.027) explained 51.0% of smartphone addiction. Conclusion: In order to prevent smartphone addiction in middle school students, a more specific nursing intervention is needed that can reduce psychological anxiety and relapse of internet addiction. It is clear that urgent measures need to be taken for the highly addicted students such as academic counseling.

Keywords

References

  1. Jung SH. Smartphone addiction serious of Adolescent [internet]. Seoul: Yonhap News; 2016 [cited 2020 February 19]. Available from: https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20160514032900017
  2. Yang JW. Adolescent 16% internet . smartphone addiction... every year increase [internet]. Seoul: Yonhap News; 2019 [cited 2020 February 19]. Available from: https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20190514080000005.
  3. Song BK. Korean Adolescent, Smartphone addiction is more severe problem than internet addiction [internet]. Seoul: Kuki News; 2020 [cited 2020 April 16]. Available from: http://www.kukinews.com/newsView/kuk202002200318
  4. Hong KP, Song JY, Jo JO. The relationship between internet addiction, smartphone addiction inclination and internet ethics level in preservice early childhood teachers. Korea Open Access Journals. 2015;24(2):331-350. https://doi.org/10.17643/KJCE.2015.24.2.19
  5. Cho HS. A study on the solution for the internet, smartphone, and internet game addiction of teenagers. Korean Journal of Youth Studies. 2019;26(10):291-310. https://doi.org/10.21509/KJYS.2019.10.26.10.291
  6. Jeon HS, Chun JS. Effects of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors on smartphone addiction among adolescents: focusing on the mediating effects of self-efficacy. Journal of Youth Welfare. 2017;19(3):53-80. https://doi.org/10.19034/KAYW.2017.19.3.03
  7. Lee ME, Kim SG, Park SH, Kim SH, Park J. The effect of relationship with family, peers and teachers, depression, and anxiety on smartphone addiction in adolescents. Journal of Korean Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. 2017;21(2):81-87. https://doi.org/10.37122/kaap.2017.21.2.81
  8. Park JH, Park JH. The relationships among interpersonal relationship anxiety, college adjustment, self-control, and smartphone addiction in nursing students. Journal of the Korean Data Information Science Society. 2017;28(1):185-194. https://doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2017.28.1.185
  9. Lee SC, Choi TY, Woo JM, Kim JH, Seo MJ, Kwak SG, et al. The relationship of smartphone addiction and depression, social anxiety on adolescents: preliminary study. Journal of the Korean Social Biology Therapy Psychiatry. 2014;20(3):212-218.
  10. Kim YH, Cho AM, Lee SH. Actual conditions of low age and policy subject research of adolescents' deviancy behavior. Policy Research Report. Seoul: National Information Society Agency (NIA); 2013 December. Report No.: 13-R07.
  11. Elhai JD, Dvorak RD, Levine JC, Hall BJ. Problematic smartphone use: a conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2017;207(1):251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.030
  12. Koh EY, Kim EH. The impacts of anxiety and depression on smartphone addiction: focusing on the moderating effect of gender. Journal of Digital Convergence. 2017;15(5):419-429. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2017.15.5.419
  13. Ryu SI, Cho IS. Factors affecting smartphone addiction among elementary school students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2015;16(9):6180-6189. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.9.6180
  14. Kim KT, Lee HJ, Moon SI. Exploring the effects of network size, usage behaviors, and assimilation for peer relations on adolescents' smartphone addiction symptoms. Korean Journal of Broadcasting. 2016;30(4):5-40.
  15. Shin JS. Teenagers peer relationship stress, academic stress, stress coping effects of smartphone addiction [master's thesis]. Kyungju: Dongguk University; 2015. p. 1-74.
  16. Lee EJ, Kim YK, Lim SJ. Factors influencing smartphone addiction in adolescents. Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing. 2017;23(4):525-533. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2017.23.4.525
  17. Kang YH, Park SH. Factors affecting smartphone in high school students. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2013;15 (4B):2103-2116.
  18. Kim DH, Park YJ, Jang JW. The study on effect of adolescent's smartphone addiction related to academic stress. Journal of School Social Work. 2017;37:67-89.
  19. Zhang YF, Bang MY. Analysis of variables influencing on the addiction tendencies of Chinese high school students at-risk for smartphone addiction. The Journal of Special Children Education. 2014;16(3):209-226. https://doi.org/10.21075/KACSN.2014.16.3.209
  20. Kim YH, Jee YJ, Hong HH. Predictors of smartphone addiction among high school student. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology. 2015;5(2):107-114. https://doi.org/10.14257/AJMAHS.2015.04.01
  21. Park JS. The variables in influencing on smartphone addiction in adolescents and college students [master's thesis]. Seoul: Dankook University; 2011. p. 1-48.
  22. Im KJ, Suh NY, Byun JN. The differences in smartphone addiction symptom between highly addicted and non-addicted college students. Journal of Korean Society School Health. 2014;27(3):189-195. https://doi.org/10.15434/kssh.2014.27.3.189
  23. Park JS. Development of internet addiction measurement scales and Korean internet addiction index. Journal of Preventive Medicine Public Health. 2005;38(3):298-306.
  24. Shin KW, Kim DI, Jung YJ. Development of Korean smart phone addiction proneness scale for youth and adults. R&D Report. Seoul: National Information Society Agency; 2011 November. Report No.: NIA IV_RER_11051.
  25. Park MJ, Shin SM. The effects of spiritual well-being on addiction to internet game, cybersex, and smartphone use among Korean youths. Korean Journal of Counselling. 2014;15(2):753-771. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.15.2.201404.753
  26. Jang HJ, Jeon YJ. The effect of introversion . extroversion and interpersonal satisfaction on smart phone addiction perceived by university students. Korean Journal of Human Ecology. 2016;25(2):137-152. https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2016.25.2.137
  27. Montag C, Blaszkiewicz K, Lachmann B, Andone I, Sariyska R, Trendafilov B, et al. Correlating personality and actual phone usage: evidence from psychoinformatics. Journal of Individual Differences. 2014;35(3):158-165. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000139
  28. Park MJ, Oh JH, Shin SM. The relationship between social support and smartphone addiction: the mediating effect of existential spiritual well-being. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology. 2014;19(4):1185-1202.
  29. Jeong GC. Relationships among mental health, internet addiction, and smartphone addiction in university students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2016;16(4):655-665. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2016.16.04.655
  30. Jung IK, Kim JH. Effects of academic stress and academic burnout on smartphone addiction in junior high school students. The Korean Journal of Community Living Science. 2017;28(2):289-300. https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2017.28.2.289