DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Synthesis of biodegradable films obtained from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse to be used as food packaging material

  • Gupta, Himanshu (Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Kumar, Harish (Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Kumar, Mohit (Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Gehlaut, Avneesh Kumar (Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Gaur, Ankur (Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Sachan, Sadhana (Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Park, Jin-Won (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2019.05.07
  • Accepted : 2019.07.20
  • Published : 2020.08.31

Abstract

The current study stresses on the reuse of waste lignocellulose biomass (rice husk and sugarcane bagasse) for the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and further conversion of this CMC into a biodegradable film. Addition of commercial starch was done to form biodegradable film due to its capacity to form a continuous matrix. Plasticizers such as Glycerol and citric acid were used to provide flexibility and strength to the film. Biopolymer film obtained from sugarcane bagasse CMC showed maximum tensile strength and elongation in comparison to the film synthesized from commercial CMC and CMC obtained from rice husk. It has been observed that an increase in sodium glycolate/NaCl content in CMC imposed an adverse effect on tensile strength. Opacity, moisture content, and solubility of the film increased with a rise in the degree of substitution of CMC. Therefore, CMC obtained from sugarcane bagasse was better candidate in preparing biopolymer/biocomposite film.

Keywords

References

  1. Khazaei N, Esmaiili M, Djomeh ZE, Ghasemlou M, Jouki M. Characterization of new biodegradable edible film made from basil seed(Ocimum basilicum L.) gum. Carbohydr. Polym. 2014;102:199-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.062
  2. Almasi H, Ghanbarzadeh B, Entezami AA. Physicochemical properties of Starch CMC-nonclay biodegradable films. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2010;46:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.10.001
  3. Yadav A, Mangaraj S, Singh R, Das SK, M NK, Arora S. Biopolymers as packaging material in food and allied industry. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 2018;6:2411-2418.
  4. Dashipour A, Razavilar V, Hosseini H, et al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial carboxymethyl cellulose films containing zataria multiflora essential oil. 2015;72:606-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.006
  5. Wang H, Gong X, Miao Y, et al. Preparation and characterization of multilayer films composed of chitosan, sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles. Food Chem. 2019;283:397-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.022
  6. Antosik AK, Wilpiszewska K. Natural composite based on polysaccharide derivatives: Preparation and physicochemical properties. Chem. Pap. 2018;72:3215-3218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0550-3
  7. Roy N, Saha N, Kitano T, Saha P. Biodegradation of PVP-CMC hydrogel film: A useful food packaging material. Carbohydr. Polym. 2012;89:346-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.008
  8. Ho MC, Ong VZ, Wu TY. Potential use of alkaline hydrogen peroxide in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment and valorization - A review. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2019;112:78-86.
  9. Loow Y-L, New EK, Yang GH, Ang LY, Foo LYW, Wu TY. Potential use of deep eutectic solvents to facilitate lignocellulosic biomass utilization and conversion. Cellulose 2017;24:3591-3618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1358-y
  10. Gulati I, Park J, Maken S, Lee MG. Production of Carboxymethyl cellulose fibers from waste lignocellulosic sawdust using $NaOH/NaClO_2$ pretreatment. Fibers Polym. 2014;15:680-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-014-0680-3
  11. Kumar H, Gaur A, Kumar S, Park JW. Development of silver nanoparticles-loaded CMC hydrogel using bamboo as a raw material for special medical applications. Chem. Pap. 2018.
  12. Mondal MIH, Yeasmin MS, Rahman MS. Preparation of food grade carboxymethyl cellulose from corn husk agrowaste. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015;79:144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.061
  13. Su JF, Huang Z, Yuan XY, Wang XY, Min L. Structure and properties of carboxymethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate blend edible films cross-linked by Maillard reactions. Carbohydr. Polym. 2010;79:145-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.07.035
  14. Joshi G, Naithani S, Varshney VK, Bisht SS, Rana V, Gupta PK. Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from office waste paper: A greener approach towards waste management. Waste Manage. 2014;38:33-40.
  15. Mohkami M, Talaeipour M. Investigation of the chemical structure of carboxylated and carboxymethylated fibers from waste paper via XRD and FTIR analysis. Bio Resources 2011;6:1988-2003.
  16. Togrul H, Arslan N. Production of carboxymethyl cellulose from sugar beet pulp cellulose and rheological behavior of carboxymethyl cellulose. Carbohydr. Polym. 2003;54:73-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(03)00147-4
  17. Mohsenabadi N, Rajaei A, Tabatabaei M, Mohsenifar A. Physical and antimicrobial properties of starch-carboxy methylcellulose film containing rosemary essential oils encapsulated in chitosan naogel. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018;112:148-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.034
  18. Ma W, Tang CH, Yin SW, Yang XQ, Qi JR, Xia N. Effect of homogenization conditions on properties of gelatin-olive oil composite films. J. Food Eng. 2012;113:136-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.05.007
  19. Ghanbarzadeh B, Almasi H, Entezami AA. Physical properties of edible modified starch/carboxymethyl cellulose films. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2010;11:697-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2010.06.001
  20. Koo SH, Lee KY, Lee HG. Effect of cross-linking on the physicochemical and physiological properties of corn starch. Food Hydrocolloid. 2010;24:619-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.02.009
  21. Mali S, Grossmann MVE, Garcia MA, Martino MN Zaritzky NE. Effects of controlled storage on thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of plasticized films from different starch sources. J. Food Eng. 2006;75:453-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.04.031
  22. Rodsamran P, Sothornvit R. Rice stubble as a new biopolymer source to produce carboxymethyl cellulose-blended films. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017;171:94-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.003
  23. Jouki M, Khazaei N, Ghasemlou M, Hadinezhad M. Effect of glycerol concentration on edible film production from cress seed carbohydrate gum. Carbohydr. Polym. 2013;96:39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.077
  24. Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM, Ishak MR. Isolation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from sugar palm fibres (Arenga Pinnata). Carbohydr. Polym. 2018;181:1038-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.045
  25. AOAC, Office methods of analysis of AOAC International. 17th eds. Gaithersburg MD: Association of Official Analytical Chemists. c2002. Available From: https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB72096013.htmm.
  26. Pereda M, Amica G, Marcovich NE. Development and characterization of edible chitosan/olive oil emulsion films. Carbohydr. Polym. 2012;87:1318-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.019
  27. Saputra AH, Qadhayna L, Pitaloka AB. Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from water Hyacinth using Ethanol-Isobutyl Alcohol Mixture as the solvents. Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl. 2014;5:36-40. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJCEA.2014.V5.347
  28. Spychaj T, Wilpiszewska K, Zdanowicz M. Medium and high substituted carboxymethyl starch: Synthesis, characterization, and applications. Starch-Starke 2013;65:22-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.201200159
  29. Gu H, He J, Huang Y, Guo Z. Water-soluble Carboxymethylcellulosefibers polymers derived from alkalization-etherification of viscose fibers. Fibers Polym. 2012;13:748-753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-012-0748-x
  30. Rachtanapun P, Rattanapanone N. Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose powder and films from Mimosa pigra. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011;122:3218-3226. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.34316
  31. Yeasmin MS, Mondal MIH. Synthesis of highly substituted carboxymethyl cellulose depending on cllulose particle size. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015;80:725-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.040
  32. Dick M, Costa TMH, Gomaa A, Subirade M, Rios ADO, Flores SH. Edible film production from chia seed mucilage: Effect of glycerol concentration on its physicochemical and mechanical properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 2015;130:198-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.040
  33. Asl SA, Mousavi M, Labbafi M. Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from sugarcane bagasse. J. food Proc. Technol. 2017;8:687-692.

Cited by

  1. Synthesis, DFT studies, fabrication, and optical characterization of the [ZnCMC]TF polymer (organic/inorganic) as an optoelectronic device vol.44, pp.20, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1039/d0nj01719a
  2. Development of Copper Loaded Nanoparticles Hydrogel Made from Waste Biomass (Sugarcane Bagasse) for Special Medical Application vol.847, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.847.102
  3. Development of zinc-loaded nanoparticle hydrogel made from sugarcane bagasse for special medical application vol.22, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01054-x
  4. Characterization and Biodegradability of Rice Husk-Filled Polymer Composites vol.13, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13010104
  5. Facile synthesis and application of aluminum oxide nanoparticle based biodegradable film vol.42, pp.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26102
  6. Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review vol.13, pp.15, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13152391