Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development of IAQ Index for Indoor Air Quality in City Buses

시내버스 실내공기질 IAQ 종합지수 개발

  • Jeon, Bo-Il (Life & Industry Environmental R&D Center, Pyeongtaek University) ;
  • Kwak, Min-Jeong (Department of Data Information and Staistics, Pyeongtaek University) ;
  • Kang, Sang-Hyeon (The Environment Technology Institute, Coway Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Cheol (The Environment Technology Institute, Coway Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Yun, Hyun-Jun (The Environment Technology Institute, Coway Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Ho-Hyun (Life & Industry Environmental R&D Center, Pyeongtaek University)
  • 전보일 (평택대학교 생활 및 산업 환경R&D 센터) ;
  • 곽민정 (평택대학교 데이터정보학과) ;
  • 강상현 ((주)코웨이 환경기술연구소) ;
  • 김종철 ((주)코웨이 환경기술연구소) ;
  • 윤현준 ((주)코웨이 환경기술연구소) ;
  • 김호현 (평택대학교 생활 및 산업 환경R&D 센터)
  • Received : 2020.08.07
  • Accepted : 2020.08.16
  • Published : 2020.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study developed an index for the indoor air quality management of city buses to allow the provision of indoor air quality information to city bus users. Methods: Nine city buses in Seoul were measured for PM10, PM2.5, CO2, temperature, and relative humidity through IoT sensors. Big data collected through the sensors was analyzed to identify indoor air quality on city buses and graded through the index. Results: As a result of dividing the measured city bus data into five grades through the IAQ index, PM10 was rated "good" for 30.4% of the total measured values, and 9.2% were rated "risky". For PM2.5, 67.7 percent were rated "good" and 0.4 percent were rated "risky". For CO2, 0.9% were 'good' and 1.1% were 'risky'. The results of the classification through the IAQ index for city buses showed that the impact of good, normal, sensitive, bad, and dangerous were 2.7, 38.8, 46.0, 12.4, and 0.1%, respectively. According to the analysis by measurement area, Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, Seongdong-gu, Gwangjin-gu, and Dobong-gu are "normal" and other areas (Seodaemoon-gu, Jongno-gu, Yongsan-gu, Jung-gu, Seongbuk-gu, Dongdaemun-gu, Junggye-gu, Gangbuk-gu, and Nowon-gu) are all rated "sensitive". Conclusions: When analyzing cases where PM10 and CO2 indices are in the "bad" zone, the concentration is generally found to increase during rush hour, during which there are a large number of passengers. It is expected that indoor air quality management in vehicles will be necessary during rush hour.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim YS, Kim SD, Shin EB, Kim DS, Jeon JM. Measurements of Carcinogenic Air Pollutants in Seoul Metropolitan Subway Stations. Journal of Environmental Health Sciences. 1994; 20(1): 19-27.
  2. Bae HJ. Effects of Short-term Exposure to $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ on Mortality in Seoul, Journal of Environmental Health Sciences. 2014; 40(5): 346-354.
  3. Indoor Air Quality Control in Public-Use Facilities, ETC. Amendment by Other ACT. ACT. Act No.728, 27 December 2017. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs 2017. Available: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environmentand-health/urban-health/news/news/2013/10/outdoor-air-pollution-a-leading-environmental-cause-ofcancer-deaths [accessed 14 January 2020].
  4. Cetin M, Sevik H. Measuring the Impact of Selected Plants on Indoor $CO_2$ Concentrations. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2016; 25(3): 973-979. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/61744
  5. Oh GS, Jung GJ, Im YB. Impact of Indoor CO Concentration on Work Performance. Journal of The Architectural Institute of Korea Planing & Design. 2020; 30(1): 385-386.
  6. Statistics KOREA (KOSTAT). Public transport distribution rate. 2019. Available: http://www.index.go.kr/unify/idx-info.do?idxCd=4259 [accessed 16 February 2020].
  7. Department of Transportation Policy in Seoul. The current status of public transportation in Seoul. Available: https://news.seoul.go.kr/traffic/archives/31616 [accessed 02 august 2020].
  8. National Statistical Office. Purpose of public transportation. Available: http://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsListIndex.do?menuId=M_01_01&vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&parmTabId=M_01_01#SelectStatsBoxDiv [accessed 02 august 2020].
  9. Marques G, Pitarma R. An Internet of Things-Based Environmental Quality Management System to Supervise the Indoor Laboratory Conditions. Appl. Sci. 2019; 9(3): 438. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030438
  10. Marques, G, Pitarma, R. An indoor monitoring system for ambient assisted living based on internet of things architecture. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2016; 13(11): 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111152
  11. World Health Organization (WHO), WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate metter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. 2000.
  12. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Technical Assistance Document for the Reporting of Daily Air Quality - the Air Quality Index. 2018.
  13. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). ANIS/ASHRAE Standard 55-2010: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. ASHRAE, Inc. 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329. www.ashrae.org. 2010.
  14. Kim HH. The distributive characteristics of regulated substances in public transportation. Journal of Odor and Indoor Environmen. 2019; 18(3): 218-227. https://doi.org/10.15250/joie.2019.18.3.218
  15. An SM, Lee JH, Yoon SW, Kim HH. Characteristics of indoor air pollutants in express buses. Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment. 2018; 17(3): 199-206. https://doi.org/10.15250/joie.2018.17.3.199
  16. Shin YC., Lee JH, Kim J R, Kim DH. A study on investigation of indoor air quality of public transportation system (expresss, intercity bus). Korean Journal of Odor Research and Engineering. 2010; 9(2): 108-117.
  17. Kim HH. Characteristics of exposure and health risk air pollutants in public buses in Korea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020, DOI 10.1007/s11356-020-09792-z.
  18. Ministry of Environment (ME). A study on the Management of Indoor Air Quality of Intercity Buses. 2015. 1-157.
  19. Ministry of Environment (ME). A advanced project to manage indoor air quality of express buses during running. 2012. 1-88.
  20. Ministry of Environment (ME). Investigation and Management method of Indoor Air Quality by means of public transport, etc. 2006. 1-204.
  21. Kim GU, Young JH, A Study on the Factors Affecting to Service Satisfaction of Intra-city Bus Users, Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers. 2012; 32: 213-222. https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2012.32.4B.213