Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Content and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Herbal Medicines used for Food and Drug

식약공용 농·임산물의 유해중금속 분석 및 위해도 평가

  • Cho, In-Soon (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Su-Jin (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Park, Ae-Suk (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Ah (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Jang, Jung-Im (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Sung-Deuk (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Yu, In-Sil (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Shin, Yong-Seung (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment)
  • 조인순 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김수진 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 박애숙 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김진아 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 장정임 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이성득 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 유인실 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 신용승 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원)
  • Received : 2020.03.04
  • Accepted : 2020.07.13
  • Published : 2020.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

For this paper we analyzed heavy metals including lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury, and conducted risk assessment on 171 types of herbal medicines used as foods and drugs distributed in Seoul's Yangnyeongsi and Kyungdong (Gyeongdong) herbal medicine markets. The concentrations of the heavy metals were measured by the ICP-MS and a mercury analyzer. The detection ranges of the lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury were found to be ND-4.719 mg/kg, ND-1.019 mg/kg, 0.002-8.696 mg/kg and ND-0.058 mg/kg, respectively. Artemisiae Capillaris Herba exceeded the standards of the MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) for cadmium items, and Actinidiae Ramulus et Fulium et Fructus Vermicultus exceeded the standards for arsenic items. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that there were no items exceeding 1 and that they were safe. The risk of carcinogenicity to lead was below 10-6 in all items and was evaluated as safe. The risk of carcinogenicity of arsenic was almost all in the range of 10-4 to 10-6. All %PTWI are considered to be safe below 100.

서울약령시장과 서울경동시장 등에서 유통되고 있는 식약공용 농·임산물 29품목 171건에 대하여 ICP-MS와 수은 분석기를 이용하여 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은) 함량을 분석하고 위해도를 평가하였다. 납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은의 검출 범위는 각각 ND-4.719 mg/kg, ND-1.019 mg/kg, 0.002-8.696 mg/kg, ND-0.058 mg/kg로 나타났다. 171건의 검체 중 Artemisiae Capillaris Herba(인진호) 1건과 Actinidiae Ramulus et Fulium et Fructus Vermicultus(목천료) 1건에서 각각 카드뮴과 비소 항목이 허용기준을 초과하여 부적합 판정을 받았으며 나머지는 모두 허용기준 이내였다. 위해도를 평가 했을 때 비발암위해도지수(HI)가 1을 초과한 품목은 없었고, 발암위해도가 납은 모든 품목에서 10-6 이하였으며 비소는 10-4-10-6 으로 나타나 전반적으로 안전한 수준으로 평가되었다. %PTWI는 납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은 모두 100이하로 나타났다. 유통중인 식약공용 농·임산물의 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은) 함량을 분석하고 비발암위해도지수(HI), 발암위해도, %PTWI를 평가한 결과 안전한 수준으로 평가되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Sohn, E.S., Kim, S.W., Kang, J.S., Lee, S.P., Domestic R&D trend analysis of functional food using medical plants. Appl. Chem., 8(2), 470-73 (2004).
  2. Lee, J.M., Lee, S.H., Kim, H.M., Use of oriental herbs as medical food. Food Ind. and Nutr., 5(1), 50-56 (2000).
  3. Kwon, Y.H., A Study on Efficient distribution structure study of medicinal plants. MD thesis, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea (2014).
  4. Li, S.M., Fang, Y., Nimg, H.M., Wu, Y.X., Heavy metals in Chinese therapeutic foods and herbs. J. Chem. Soc. Paksitan, 34(5), 1091-1095 (2012).
  5. Kim, J.Y., Development and industrialization of functional bioactive material from the medicinal plant. Food Ind. and Nutr., 18(2), 1-6 (2013).
  6. Kim, H.S., Kim, K.R., Hong, C.O., Go, W.R., Jeong, S.H., Yoo, J.H., Cho, N.J., Hong, J.H., Kim, W.I., Monitoring of Cd, Hg, Pb, and As and risk assessment for commercial medicinal plants. Korean J. Environ. Agric., 34(4), 282-287 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2015.34.4.43
  7. Seo, M.Y., Kim, M.G., Kim, J.K., Jang, M.K., Lee, Y.N., Ku, E.J., Park, K.H., Yoon, M.H., Investigation of unintentionally hazardous substance in commercial herbs for food and medine. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 33(6), 453-459 (2018). https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2018.33.6.453
  8. Kim, S.D., Kim, A.K., Lee, H.K., Lee, S.R., Lee, H.J., Ryu, H.J., Lee, J.M., Yu, I.S., Jung, K., A Monitoring of aflatoxins in commercial herbs for food and medicine. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 32(4), 267-274 (2017). https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2017.32.4.267
  9. Kweon, K.T., A Reasearch on management system of herbal medicine in common use for food and medicine. Kor. J. Herbology., 27(2), 25-29 (2012). https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2012.27.2.25
  10. Choung, Y.K., Systematic review about side effects of herbal medicines used as both food medicine : Focus on polyonum multiflorum and artemisia capillaris. Ph.D thesis, Kyunghee university, Seoul (2014).
  11. Song, V.K., Control system of herbal medicine in shared use for food and medicine purpose. The report of Korea Food & Drug Administration (2006).
  12. Lee, S.D., Lee, Y.K., Kim, M.S., Park, S.K., Kim, Y.S., Chae, Y.Z., The content and risk assessment of heavy metals in herbal pills. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 27(4), 375-387 (2012). https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2012.27.4.375
  13. Jung, S.J., Kang, S.T., Han, C.H., Kim, S. J., Ko, S.k., Kim, Y.H., Survey of heavy metal contents and intake rates after decoction in herbal medicines classified by parts. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 25(4), 402-409 (2010).
  14. Reilly, C., 1980. Metal contamination of food, Appiled Science Publisher Ltd. London, England, pp. 119-122.
  15. Reilly, C., 1991. Metal contamination of food. 2nd edition, Elsevier Science Publisher Ltd. London, England, pp. 95-98.
  16. World Health Organization, 1997. Lead (Environmetal Health Criteria., WHO, pp. 44-54.
  17. Yim, O.K., Han, E.J., Chung, J.Y., Park, K.S., Kang, I.H., Kang, S.J., Kim, Y.J., The monitoring of some heavy metals in oriental herbal medicines and their intake rates. Anal. Sci. & Technol., 22(2), 128-135 (2009).
  18. The Korean Pharmacopoeia, Eleventh edition (KP XI)., 2014. General tests, processes and apparatus. Test for Herbal Drugs, pp. 2153-2154.
  19. National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evalution, 2007. Guidance for risk assessment. Cheongju, Korea.
  20. US Environmental protection agency, (2019, June 27). Human health risk assessment, http://www.epa.gov/risk/health-risk.htm
  21. National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evalution, (2019, July 9). National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evalution, http://www.nifds.go.kr/brd/m_15/view.do?seq=12441&srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=%ED%95%9C%EC%95%BD%26%2340%EC%83%9D%EC%95%BD%26%2341%EC%9D%98&srchTp=0&itm_seq_2=0&multi_itm_seq=0&company_cd=&company_nm=&page=1=.
  22. KOSIS, (2019, July 9). Korean statistical information service, http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/index.action.
  23. Lee, J.H., Kim, W.I., Jeong, E.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.Y., Paik, M.K., Park, B.J., Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., Asenic contamination of polished rice produced in abandoned mine areas and its potential human risk assessment using probabilistic techniques. Kor. J. Environ. Agric., 30(1), 43-51 (2011). https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.1.43
  24. WHO/JECFA, (2019, August 16). Evaluations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), http://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/search.aspx.
  25. Juberg, D.R., Kleiman, C.F., Kwon, S.C., Position paper of the american council on science and health : lead and human health. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 38(3), 162-180 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1997.1591
  26. Prozialeck, W.C., Edwards, J.R., Nebert, D.W., Wood, J.M., Barchowsky, A., Atchison, W.D., The vascular system as a target of metal toxicity. Toxicol. Sci., 102(2), 207-218 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm263
  27. Wu, W.T., Tsai, P.J., Yang, Y.H., Yang, C.Y., Cheng, K.F., Wu, T.N., Health impacts associated with the implementation of a national petrol-lead phase-out program (PLPOP): Evidence from Taiwan between 1981 and 2007. Sci. Total Environ., 409(5), 863-867 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.11.024
  28. Godt, J., Scheidig, F., Grosse-Siestup, C., Esche, V., Brandenberg, P., Reich, A., Groneberg, D.A., The Toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health. J. Occup. med. and toxicol., 1, 22 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-1-22
  29. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, (2020, January 14). Toxicological profile for cadmium (2012), https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=48&tid=15.
  30. US Environmental Protection Agency(U.S.EPA), (2019, August 6). Integrated risk information system. Arsenic, inorganic. (CASRN 7440-38-2), http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm.
  31. Bjornberg, K.A., Vahter, M. Berglund, B. Niklasson, B. Blennow, M., Sandborgh-Englund, G. Transport of methylmercury to the fetus and breast-fed infant, Environ. Health Perspect., 113(10), 1381-1385 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7856
  32. Lee, M.K., Park, J.S., Lim, H.C., Na, H.S., Determination of heavy metal contents in medicinal herb. Korean J. Food Preserv,, 15(2), 253-260 (2008).
  33. Cha, Y.Y., Heo, S.K., Kim, D.G., Baik, T.H., Seo, H.S., Park, H.S., Determination of heavy metals and residual pesticies in oriental medical materials. Korean J. Oriental Physiology & Pathology, 21(1), 226-230 (2007).
  34. WHO/JECFA, (2019, August 16). Evaluations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA), http://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/search.aspx.
  35. Ministry of Environment, 2018. Soil pollution risk assessment guidelines. Appendix paragraph 6. Sejong, Korea.
  36. OEHHA, (2019, August 17). California EPA Chemical DB. Lead and Lead compound, https://oehha.ca.gov/chemicals/lead-and-lead-compounds.
  37. Rosemary, C.R., Tracey, J., Woodruff, T.J., Assessment of potential risk levels assossiated with U.S. environmental protection agency reference values. Environ. Health Perspect, 111(10), 1318-1325 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6185
  38. Na, E.S., Lee, Y.J., Ko, K.Y., Chung, D.Y., Lee, K.S., Risk, assessment for heavy metals in soil, ground water, rice grain nearby abandoned mine areas. Korean J Environ Agric., 32(4), 245-251 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2013.32.4.245
  39. JECFA, (2019, August 19). Short information documents for decision makers, https://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/arsenic/en/.
  40. NIFDS, (2019, July 9). National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evalution, http://www.nifds.go.kr/brd/m_21/view.do?seq=2896&srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=&srchTp=&itm_seq_1=0&itm_seq_2=0&multi_itm_seq=0&company_cd=&company_nm=&page=111.