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A Study on the Spatial and Visual Composition of Yi Ung-Jae's Old House, Dundeok-ri

둔덕리 이웅재고가(李雄宰古家)의 공간 및 경관 구성적 특성에 관한 연구

  • Rho, Jae-Hyun (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Woosuk University) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Han (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Woosuk University)
  • Received : 2020.05.20
  • Accepted : 2020.06.11
  • Published : 2020.06.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial and visual arrangement characteristics of Imsil Yi Ung-jae's old house's spatial and visual aspects in order to discover the value of landscape and traditional house garden. The results of this study are as follows. Dongchon-village in Dundeok-ri, where old house is located, is a typical form of with "Back to the mountain and facing the water(背山臨水)", and is located in the north of the three streams of water, forming a Jeonchaghugwan(前窄後寬). Dongchon Village, which has a traditional scenic spot between Danguidae(丹丘臺) and Samgyeseokmun(三溪石門), is understood to be the main street of Nojeokbong Peak and Gyegwanbong Peak, which is Ansan(案山), where the "A centipede flying in the sky(飛天蜈蚣形)". Yi Ung-jae's old house is the oldest existing high-priced house in the North Jeolla region and the closing price of a royal family of the Joseon Dynasty, which was arranged by Chunseongjeong(春城正), Yi Dam-son(李聃孫) in the mid-16C. The Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and Japanese colonial era, the loyalty of the gate quarters, the filial piety of the gate quarters, and the faithfulness of the tablet(扁額) and Juryeons(柱聯) are enough to contribute to the rise of the value of a physical house. The men's quarters(Sarangchae), which are placed on a high-pocket or a layout without going against the sloping terrain, have the effect of making the distance as far as possible, enhancing its dignity and hierarchy as a royal building. In addition, the entrance to the main quarters(Anchae) through the four pillar gates(四柱門), the extensive support and the appropriation of the Chaewon(vegetable garden), and the official base for the Anchae are very unique compared to the general nobility. However, in the context of the postwar relationship, the shrine seeks to realize Confucian ideals while harmonizing with nature by arranging wide sponsorships around it. On the other hand, it is confirmed that there was a pond in the form of a circle in a square(方池圓島型) with a relatively large area, which is now disturbed and damaged. Written by the high priced planting species are sponsored pine trees, hackberry, persimmon trees, Japanese apricot flower, Ohmomiji, and plum tree in the side garden, as well as cotyledon trees in the outside garden. However, although flower bed(花階), which is built on the stone axis, is a place that clearly shows the expensive garden, it seems to have lost the texture of the plant due to the extremely high variety of species and the splendor that does not match the plant landscape of the flower world. Yi Ung-jae's old house is highly valuable as it is a portrait house of a prince of the blood in the mid-Joseon Dynasty. Based on these findings, this study proposed a plan to improve the management of high prices that could be met.

본 연구는 전통정원의 가치 발굴과 재조명을 목적으로, 임실 이웅재고가의 공간적·시각적 배치 특성과 경관과 정원 구조를 검토하여 전통정원으로서의 문화재적 가치를 부상시키기 위한 목적으로 시도되었다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 고가가 입지한 둔덕리 동촌마을은 배산임수의 전형적인 형국으로 3개로 모인 물줄기 북측에 전착후관한 집성촌을 이루고 있다. 단구대와 삼계석문의 경승을 갖는 동촌마을은 노적봉과 계관봉은 안산(案山)으로 한 '지네가 하늘을 나는 형국(飛天蜈蚣形)'의 길지로 이해된다. 이웅재고가는 16C 중반 춘성정 이담손에 의해 조영된 전북지역에 현존하는 가장 오래된 고가이자 조선 왕실가문의 종가로 추정된다. 임진왜란 및 일제강점기 일본에 저항한 충정과 대문채의 효자정려 그리고 편액과 주련에 담긴 충효의 가풍은 물리적인 가옥의 가치를 부상시키는 요소가 되기에 충분하다. 경사진 지형에 거스르지 않게 배치된 사랑채나 안채의 배치 그리고 높은 돈대에 올린 사랑채는 최대한 원경을 차경하는 효과를 거두며 왕가 건물로서의 위엄성과 위계성을 높이고 있다. 또한 사주문과 중문을 통한 안채 진입방식, 넓은 후원과 채원의 할애 그리고 안채에 배려된 공루 등의 가옥 구성은 일반 사대부가에 비해 매우 독특하다. 그러나 전후관계로 보면 사당을 주변으로 넓은 후원을 안배함으로써 유교적 이상을 실현하는 한편 자연과의 조화를 꾀하고 있다. 한편 지금은 교란·훼손되었으나 외원에는 비교적 넓은 면적을 갖는 방지원도형(方池圓島型)의 지당(池塘)이 존재했던 것으로 확인된다. 고가에서 주목되는 식재수종은 후원의 소나무, 팽나무, 감나무, 매화, 홍단풍 그리고 측정의 산수유를 비롯하여 외원의 자두나무 등이다. 석축 위로 조성된 화계는 고가의 정원상을 가장 명료하게 보여주는 공간으로 정원 특성을 잘 간직한 공간이지만 화계 식생경관에 어울리지 않게 종 다양성과 사당에 어울리지 않는 화려함이 극도로 높아 식재의 짜임새를 상실한 느낌이다. 이웅재고가는 조선 전기 궁궐 밖에 조성된 궁가(宮家) 건축의 한 단면을 보여줄 수 있는 조영물이라는 점에서 문화재적 가치가 매우 높다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 바탕으로 이웅재고가의 관리 개선방안을 제안하였다.

Keywords

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