DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Dental Management in a Patient with Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia : A Case Report

글란즈만 혈소판무력증 환자의 치과적 관리

  • Han, Miran (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jukjeon Dental Hospital, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Jongsoo (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University)
  • 한미란 (단국대학교 치과대학 죽전치과병원 소아치과) ;
  • 김종수 (단국대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실)
  • Received : 2020.06.17
  • Accepted : 2020.07.01
  • Published : 2020.08.31

Abstract

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited congenital disorder, characterized by impaired blood coagulation due to platelet dysfunction. It was first reported by the pediatrician Glanzmann in 1918. GT affects both males and females, and it is more common in regions of the Middle East, India, and France, where intermarriage is common. It has an incidence of about 1 in 1,000,000 people. In South Korea, according to the Division of Rare Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 200 cases have been reported in 2018. Clinical symptoms include petechia, ecchymosis, epistaxis, and gingival bleeding. The spontaneous loss of deciduous teeth can result in excessive bleeding with that blood transfusion should be considered. Preventing hemorrhages and hemostasis are most important factors in dental treatment. Local bleeding can be controlled by compression, but platelet transfusion can be required by prolonged bleeding. Pediatric dentists can minimize the gingival bleeding by control of the oral hygiene to prevent gingivitis and dental caries. The importance of oral hygiene and periodic recall check-up should be emphasized. During dental treatment, the examination and the treatment plan of patient should be modified to prevention of hemorrhages carefully. A 6-year-old girl with GT was referred for the treatment of dental caries, and resin restoration was performed under nitrous oxide inhalation sedation. After treatment, compression was required for the bleeding control.

글란즈만 혈소판무력증(Glanzmann Thrombasthenia, GT)은 상염색체 열성 유전으로 나타나는 희귀한 선천성 질환으로 혈소판 기능에 이상이 있어 혈액 응고 장애를 보이며 대표적인 증상은 지혈이 잘 되지 않는 출혈이다. 1918년 소아과의사 글란즈만에 의해 처음보고 되었으며 글란즈만씨병(Glanzmann's disease)이라고도 불리 운다. GT는 남성과 여성에서 동등하게 나타나고, 중동, 인도 프랑스 등 근친결혼을 하는 곳에서 많이 발생하며, 대략 1,000,000명당 1명에서 발견된다. 우리나라에서는 2018년 질병관리본부 희귀질환과에 따르면 200여명의 환자가 보고되고 있다. 임상증상은 점상출혈, 반상출혈, 비 출혈, 치은 출혈 등이 관찰되고, 유치의 자발적 탈락에서도 수혈을 고려해야 할 정도의 출혈이 발생할 수 있다. 치료의 일반적인 목표는 출혈 예방과 지혈이다. 여러 가지 지혈을 위한 처치에도 출혈이 지속되면 혈소판 수혈을 해야 한다. 소아치과의사는 구강을 청결히 하여 치은염과 치아 우식증을 예방함으로써 치은 출혈을 최소화하고, 구강 위생과 규칙적인 치과 검진의 중요성을 주지시켜야 하며, 치과치료시 출혈에 대비한 치료계획의 수립 및 세심한 진료가 필요하다. GT를 동반한 만6세 여아로 치아우식증을 주소로 내원하여 아산화질소-산소를 이용한 흡입진정하에 레진수복을 시행하였으며 술 후 치료부위의 압박지혈이 필요하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bellucci S, Caen J : Molecular basis of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and current strategics in treatment. Blood Rev, 16:193-202, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-960X(02)00030-9
  2. Caen JP, Castaldi PA, Bernard J, et al. : Congenital bleeding disorders with long bleeding time and normal platelet count. I. Glanzmann's thrombasthenia : Report of 15 patients. Am J Med, 41:4-26, 1966. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(66)90003-9
  3. Ranjith A, Nandakumar K : Glanzmann thrombasthenia: A rare hematological disorder with oral manifestations: A case report. J Contemp Dent Pract, 9:107-113, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-5-107
  4. George JN, Caen JP, Nurden AT : Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: The spectrum of clinical disease. Blood, 75:1383-1395, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.7.1383.bloodjournal7571383
  5. Diana NM, Rupinder B : Dental considerations in the management of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Int J Child Ped Dent, 3:51-56, 2010.
  6. Brown DL : Congenital bleeding disorders. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care, 35:38-62, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2004.12.001
  7. Toygar HU, Guzeldemir E : Excessive gingival bleeding in two patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia. J Periodontol, 78:1154-1158, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.060393
  8. Nurden AT : Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 1:10, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-1-10
  9. Bellucci S, Devergie A, Boiron M, et al. : Complete correction of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Br J Haematol, 59:635-641, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1985.tb07358.x
  10. Doh YJ, Kim MH, Kim KY, et al. : A case of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia diagnosed with flow cytometry and SDSPAGE analysis of platelet membrane glycoprotein. Korean J Hematol, 27:443-451, 1992.
  11. Park JB, Shin YS, Kim SH : Anesthetic experience for orthopedic surgery on a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia refractory to platelet transfusion-case report. Kor J Anesthesiol, 57:507-510, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2009.57.4.507
  12. Murphy MF, Waters AH : Immunological aspects of platelet transfusions. Br J Haematol, 60:409-414, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1985.tb07437.x
  13. Seligsohn U, Rososhansky S : A Glanzmann's thrombasthenia cluster among Iraqi Jews in Israel. Thromb Haemost, 52:230-231, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661184
  14. Williams WJ, Beutler E, Ersler AJ : Disorders of hemostasis. In, "Hematology", 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1368-1376, 1977.
  15. Mehta BC, Agarwal MB, Bhanotra PC : Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. J Postgrad Med, 26:210-212, 1980.