DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Microwave Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) Approach Based on an Integrated Photonic Ti:LiNbO3 Y Branch

  • Zhang, Changsheng (Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Zhang, Jiahong (Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Zhao, Zhengang (Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology)
  • 투고 : 2020.02.06
  • 심사 : 2020.06.29
  • 발행 : 2020.08.25

초록

An approach based on an integrated photonic Ti:LiNbO3 Y branch has been proposed, designed, and analyzed for the microwave instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM). By designing the Y branch with length L = 6545 ㎛ and refractive index NTE - NTM = 0.0764, a complementary optical filter with free spectral range (FSR) of 600 GHz is constituted, which results in a maximum measureable frequency of 300 GHz being obtained. Theoretical analysis on the temperature stability of the Ti:LiNbO3 Y branch shows that the FSR variation of the complementary filter is 0.3% for the temperature change of 100 K, which indicates that the IFM approach will have a better stability. All these results demonstrate that the proposed IFM approach has potential capability to be used for the increasingly higher microwave IFM with better stability.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering (John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA, 2007).
  2. P. W. East, "Fifty years of instantaneous frequency measurement," IET Radar. Sonar Navig. 6, 112-122 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2011.0177
  3. J. Capmany and D. Novak, "Microwave photonics combines two worlds," Nat. Photon. 1, 319-330 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.89
  4. L. V. T. Nguyen and D. B. Hunter, "A photonic technique for microwave frequency measurement," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1188-1190 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2006.874742
  5. Y. Wang, J. Ni, H. Chi, X. Zhang, S. Zheng, and X. Jin, "Photonic instantaneous microwave frequency measurement based on two different phase modulation to intensity modulation conversions," Opt. Commun. 284, 3928-3932 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2011.04.031
  6. H. Emamiand and M. Ashourian, "Improved dynamic range microwave photonic instantaneous frequency measurement based on four-wave mixing," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 62, 2462-2470 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2014.2341624
  7. H. Chi, X. Zou, and J. Yao, "An approach to the measurement of microwave frequency based on optical power monitoring," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 1249-1251 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2008.926025
  8. X. Zou, H. Chi, and J. Yao, "Microwave frequency measurement based on optical power monitoring using a complementary optical filter pair," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 57, 505-511 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2008.2011237
  9. J. Zhang, X. Yang, C. Zhu, Z. Zhao, C. Li, and Y. Li, "Instantaneous microwave frequency measurement using an asymmetric integrated optical waveguide Mach-Zenhder interferometer (AMZI)," Optik 169, 203-207 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.05.047
  10. T. A. Nguyen, E. H. W. Chan, and R. A. Minasian, "Instantaneous high-resolution multiple-frequency measurement system based on frequency-to-time mapping technique," Opt. Lett. 39, 2419-2422 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.002419
  11. L. V. T. Nguyen, "Microwave photonic technique for frequency measurement of simultaneous signals," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 642-644 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2009.2015890
  12. D. Marpaung, "On-chip photonic-assisted instantaneous microwave frequency measurement system," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 25, 837-840 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2013.2253602
  13. L. Liu, F. Jiang, S. Yan, S. Min, M. He, D. Gao, and J. Dong, "Photonic measurement of microwave frequency using a silicon microdisk resonator," Opt. Commun. 335, 266-270 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.09.030
  14. L. Liu, H. Qiu, Z. Chen, and Z. Yu, "Photonic measurement of microwave frequency with low-error based on an optomechanical microring resonator," IEEE Photon. J. 9, 5503611 (2017).
  15. L. Liu, W. Xue, and J. Yue, "Photonic approach for microwave frequency measurement using a silicon microring resonator," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 31, 153-156 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2018.2886894
  16. M. Pagani, B. Morrison, Y. Zhang, A. Casas-Bedoya, T. Aalto, M. Harjanne, M. Kapulainen, B. J. Eggleton, and D. Marpaung, "Low-error and broadband microwave frequency measurement in a silicon chip," Optica 2, 751-756 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.2.000751
  17. B. Zhu, W. Zhang, S. Pan, and J. Yao, "High-sensitivity instantaneous microwave frequency measurement based on a silicon photonic integrated fano resonator," J. Lightwave Technol. 37, 2527-2533 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2018.2885224
  18. J. S. Fandino and P. Munoz, "Photonics-based microwave frequency measurement using a double-sideband suppressedcarrier modulation and an InP integrated ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer filter," Opt. Lett. 38, 4316-4319 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.004316
  19. S. Fouchet, A. Carenco, R. Guglielmi, and L. Riviere, "Wavelength dispersion of Ti induced refractive index change in $LiNbO_3$ as a function of diffusion parameters," J. Lightwave Technol. 5, 700-708 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.1987.1075563
  20. E. Strake, G. P. Bava, and I. Montrosset, "Guided modes of Ti:$LiNbO_3$ channel waveguides: a novel quasi-analytical technique in comparison with the scalar finite-element method," J. Lightwave Technol. 6, 1126-1135 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1109/50.4105
  21. J. P. Salvestrini, L. Guilbert, M. Fontana, M. Abarkan, and S. Gille, "Analysis and control of the DC drift in $LiNbO_3$- based Mach-Zehnder modulators," J. Lightwave Technol. 29, 1522-1534 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2011.2136322
  22. K. H. Hellwege and A. M. Hellwege, "Ferroelectrics and Related Substances: Oxides," in Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology (New Series Volume III/16a) Landolt-Bornstein, eds. (Springer-Verlag, NY, USA. 1981).
  23. C. H. Bulmer, W. K. Burns, and S. C. Hiser, "Pyroelectric effects in $LiNbO_3$ channel-waveguide devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 1036-1038 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.96640