Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
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Material Characteristics and Making Techniques of Pottery by Type from the Oryang-dong Kiln Site in Naju, Korea

나주 오량동 요지 출토 토기의 기종별 재료 특성과 제작기법 연구

  • Jin, Hong Ju (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Jang, Sungyoon (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kim, Su Kyoung (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Myeong Seong (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 진홍주 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 장성윤 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 김수경 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 이명성 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실)
  • Received : 2020.10.15
  • Accepted : 2020.11.12
  • Published : 2020.12.29
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Abstract

This study aims to examine the material characteristics of bowls and compare the making techniques of flat cup with cover and jar coffin from the Oryang-dong kiln site, Naju. Bowls, the most frequently excavated small pottery have similar material characteristics, including gray surface, fine-grained texture, and small-sized tempers such as quartz and feldspar, regardless of the excavation slopes. However, the firing temperature of the bowls mostly ranges from 950 to 1,100 ℃. It is estimated that the bowls had formalized making techniques, owing to the similar material composition and firing technique regardless of the excavation slope. The flat cups with cover have similar texture and mineral phases, except their poorly sorted inclusions. However, the jar coffins contain not only fine-grained minerals but also medium-grained quartz, feldspar, and biotite, showing a relatively wide range of firing temperatures. According to the geochemical results of pottery by type, it is assumed that chemical compositions are classified into two groups: small pottery(bowl and falt cup with cover) and jar coffins. In conclusion, small potteries such as bowls and flat cups with cover were made by removing the heavy minerals from raw materials, whereas jar coffins were made by adding medium-grained minerals to raw materials to maintain and support their structures, despite the same source materials. In addition, it is presumed that pottery making proceeded by selecting the source materials, preparing according to their use and controlling the firing temperature and environment.

이 연구는 나주 오량동 요지 가마유구에서 출토된 완형토기(碗, bowl)의 원료 특성을 출토 사면별로 분석하고 개배(蓋杯, flat cup with cover), 옹관(甕棺, jar coffin)과 비교하여 기종별 제작기법을 검토하였다. 소형토기 중 가장 많이 출토되는 완형토기는 출토 사면과 관계없이 미정질 내지 은미정질 기질에 세립질 석영과 장석이 비짐으로 사용되어 상당히 유사한 원료특성을 보이며, 대체로 950~1,100℃의 소성온도를 나타냈다. 완형토기는 출토 사면과 관계없이 태토조성과 소성기법이 유사하여 정형화된 제작기법을 보유하고 있었던 것으로 생각된다. 개배는 세립질 광물을 비짐으로 첨가한 것이 완형토기와 유사하나 광물의 입자가 크고 함량이 높게 나타난다. 그러나 대형옹관은 세립질 뿐만 아니라 중립질 석영, 장석, 흑운모를 포함하고 있다. 기종별 태토 특성은 태토의 화학조성을 상관도에 도시한 결과에서도 확인되는데, 소형 완형토기와 개배는 옹관과 분포영역이 구분된다. 따라서 나주 오량동 요지는 동일한 원료수급 환경 내에서도 완형토기, 개배와 같은 소형토기는 태토를 정제하였고, 옹관은 기벽 유지를 위해 중립질 광물을 첨가하였다. 또한 사용목적에 적합하도록 태토를 선별하여 준비하고 소성온도와 소성환경을 조절하여 제작한 것으로 확인된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 문화재청 국립문화재연구소 문화유산조사연구(R&D)의 일환으로 수행되었으며 국립나주문화재연구소의 시료 협조에 감사드린다.

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