DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic design rules for ductile Eurocode-compliant two-storey X concentrically braced frames

  • Costanzo, Silvia (Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples "Federico II") ;
  • D'Aniello, Mario (Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples "Federico II") ;
  • Landolfo, Raffaele (Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples "Federico II")
  • Received : 2020.01.21
  • Accepted : 2020.07.05
  • Published : 2020.08.10

Abstract

Two-storey X-bracings are currently very popular in European practice, as respect to chevron and simple X bracings, owing to the advantages of reducing the bending demand in the brace-intercepted beams in V and inverted-V configurations and optimizing the design of gusset plate connections. However, rules for two-storey X braced frames are not clearly specified within current version of EN1998-1, thus leading to different interpretations of the code by designers. The research presented in this paper is addressed at investigating the seismic behaviour of two-storey X concentrically braced frames in order to revise the design rules within EN1998-1. Therefore, five different design criteria are discussed, and their effectiveness is investigated. With this aim, a comprehensive numerical parametric study is carried out considering a set of planar frames extracted from a set of structural archetypes that are representative of regular low, medium and high-rise buildings. The obtained results show that the proposed design criteria ensure satisfactory seismic performance.

Keywords

References

  1. Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I.A. (1964), Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series
  2. AISC Seismic Design Manual. 3rd Ed. Chicago, USA. American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc; 2018
  3. American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC). (2016), Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings. ANSI/AISC Standard 341-16. AISC, Chicago, Illinois
  4. Astaneh-Asl, A., Cochran, M.L. and Sabelli, R. (2006), "Seismic Detailing of Gusset Plates for Special Concentrically Braced Frames", Structural Steel Educational Council- Steel TIPS.
  5. Barbagallo, F., Bosco, M., Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2019), "Achieving a more effective concentric braced frame by the double-stage yield BRB", Eng. Struct., 186, 484-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.02.028.
  6. Bosco, M., Ghersi, A., Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2014), "A capacity design procedure for columns of steel structures with diagonals braces", Open Constr. Build. Technol. J., 8, 196-207. DOI: 10.2174/1874836801408010196.
  7. Bosco, M., Brandonisio, G., Marino, E.M., Mele, E. and De Luca, A. (2017), "$\Omega$* method: An alternative to Eurocode 8 procedure for seismic design of X-CBFs", J. Constr. Steel Res., 134, 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.03.014.
  8. Chen, C.H. and Mahin, S.A. (2012), "Performance based seismic demand assessment of concentrically braced steel frame buildings. PEER report 2012/103", Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Headquarters at University of California, Berkeley, California.
  9. Costanzo, S., D'Aniello, M. and Landolfo, R. (2016), "Critical review of seismic design criteria for chevron concentrically braced frames: the role of the brace-intercepted beam", Ing. Sismica: Int. J. Earthq. Eng., 33(1-2), 72-89.
  10. Costanzo, S., D'Aniello and M. and Landolfo, R. (2017a), "Seismic design criteria for chevron CBFs: European vs North American codes (part-1)", J. Constr. Steel Res., 135, 83-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.04.018.
  11. Costanzo, S., D'Aniello, M. and Landolfo, R. (2017b), "Seismic design criteria for chevron CBFs: Proposals for the next EC8 (part-2)", J. Constr. Steel Res., 138, 17-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.06.028.
  12. Costanzo, S. and Landolfo, R. (2017), "Concentrically braced frames: European vs. North American seismic design provisions", Open Civil Eng. J., 11(Suppl-1, M11), 453-463. DOI: 10.2174/1874149501711010453.
  13. Costanzo, S., D'Aniello, M., Landolfo, R. and De Martino, A. (2018), "Critical discussion on seismic design criteria for cross concentrically braced frames", Ing. Sismica: International J. Earthq. Eng., 35(2), 23-36.
  14. Costanzo, S., D'Aniello, M. and Landolfo, R. (2019), "Proposal of design rules for ductile X-CBFs in the framework of Eurocode 8", Earthq. Eng. Struct D., 48(1), 124-151. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3128.
  15. CSA. 2014. Design of Steel Structures, CSA-S16-14, Canadian Standards Association, Toronto, ON.
  16. D'Aniello, M., Costanzo, S. and Landolfo, R. (2015), "The influence of beam stiffness on seismic response of chevron concentric bracings", J. Constr. Steel Res., 112, 305-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.05.021.
  17. D'Aniello, M., La Manna Ambrosino, G., Portioli, F. and Landolfo, R. (2013), "Modelling aspects of the seismic response of steel concentric braced frames", Steel Compos. Struct., 15(5), 539-566. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2013.15.5.539.
  18. D'Aniello, M., La Manna Ambrosino, G., Portioli, F. and Landolfo, R. (2015b), "The influence of out-of-straightness imperfection in Physical-Theory models of bracing members on seismic performance assessment of concentric braced structures", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 24(3), 176-197. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1160.
  19. Dicleli, M. and Calik, E.E. (2008), "Physical theory hysteretic model for steel braces", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 134(7), 1215-1228. ttps://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:7(1215).
  20. Elghazouli, A.Y. (2010), "Assessment of European seismic design procedures for steel framed structures", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 8, 65-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9125-6.
  21. EN 1990 (2001), Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design.
  22. EN 1991-1-1 (2002), Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions -Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings.
  23. EN 1993:1-1 (2005), Eurocode 3: design of steel structures - part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings.
  24. EN 1994-1-1 (2004), Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings.
  25. EN 1998-1-1. (2005), Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings.
  26. Goggins, J.M., Broderick, B.M. and Elghazouli, A.Y. and Lucas, A.S. (2006), "Behaviour of tubular steel members under cyclic axial loading", J. Constr. Steel Res., 62(1-2), 121-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.04.012.
  27. Hsiao, P., Lehman, D. and Roeder, C. (2012), "Improved analytical model for special concentrically braced frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 73, 80-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.01.010.
  28. Hsiao, P.C., Lehman, D.E. and Roeder, C.W. (2013), "Evaluation of the response modification coefficient and collapse potential of special concentrically braced frames", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 42, 1547-1564. doi:10.1002/ eqe.228.
  29. Khatib, I.F., Mahin, S.A. and Pister, K.S. (1998), "Seismic behavior of concentrically braced steel frames", Report UCB/EERC-88/01. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
  30. Longo, A., Montuori, R. and Piluso, V. (2008), "Failure mode control of X-braced frames under seismic actions", J. Earth. Eng., 12, 728-759. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460701572955.
  31. Longo, A., Montuori, R. and Piluso, V. (2015), "Seismic design of chevron braces coupled with MRF fail safe systems", Earthq. Struct., 8(5), 1215-1239. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.5.1215.
  32. Longo, A., Montuori, R. and Piluso, V. (2016), "Moment frames - concentrically braced frames dual systems: analysis of different design criteria", Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 12(1),122-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2014.996164.
  33. Marino, E.M. (2013), "A unified approach for the design of high ductility steel frames with concentric braces in the framework of Eurocode 8", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 43(1), 97-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2334.
  34. Menegotto, M. and Pinto, P.E. (1973), "Method of analysis for cyclically loaded R.C. plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behaviour of elements under combined normal force and bending", Symposium on the Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Repeated Loads.
  35. Metelli, G. (2013), "Theoretical and experimental study on the cyclic behaviour of X braced steel frames", Eng. Struct., 46, 763-773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.08.021.
  36. Seismosoft (2011), SeismoStruct - A computer program for static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of framed structures. Available from URL: www.seismosoft.com.
  37. Shen, J., Wen, R., Akbas, B., Doran, B. and Uckan, E. (2014), "Seismic demand on brace-intersected beams in two-story X-braced frames", Eng. Struct., 76, 295-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.07.022.
  38. Shen, J., Wen, R. and Akbas, B. (2015), "Mechanisms in Two-story X-braced Frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 106, 258-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.12.014.
  39. Shen, J., Seker, O., Akbas, B., Seker, P., Seyedbabak, M. and Faytarouni, M. (2017), "Seismic performance of concentrically braced frames with and without buckling", Eng. Struct., 141, 461-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.03.043.
  40. Silva, A., Santos, L., Ribeiro, T. and Castro, J.M. (2018), "Improved seismic design of concentrically X-braced steel frames to Eurocode 8", J. Earthq. Eng., DOI: 10.1080/13632469.2018.1528912.
  41. Silva, A., Castro, J.M. and Monteiro, R. (2019), "Practical considerations on the design of concentrically-braced steel frames to Eurocode 8", J. Constr. Steel Res., 158, 71-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.03.011.
  42. Spacone, E., Ciampi, V. and Filippou, F.C., (1996), "Mixed formulation of nonlinear beam finite element", Comput. Struct., 58(1), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(95)00103-N.
  43. Tremblay, R. and Tirca, L. (2003), "Behavior and design of multi-story zipper concentrically braced steel frames for the mitigation of soft-story response", Proceedings of the conference on behaviour of steel structures in seismic areas.
  44. Uriz, P. and Mahin, S.A. (2008), "Toward earthquake-resistant design of concentrically braced steel-frame structures". PEER rep no. 2008/08 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, College of Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkley.
  45. Whitmore, R. (1952), "Experimental Investigation of Stresses in Gusset Plates", University of Tennessee, Tech. Rep. No. 16
  46. Wijesundara, K.K., Nascimbene, R. and Rassati, G.A. (2018), "Evaluation of the seismic performance of suspended zipper column concentrically braced steel frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 150, 452-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.09.003.
  47. Yoo, J.H., Roeder, C.W. and Lehman, D.E. (2009), "Simulated behavior of multi-story X-braced frames", Eng. Struct., 31(1), 182-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.07.019.

Cited by

  1. Experimental investigation of a new lateral bracing system called OGrid under cyclic loading vol.35, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.11.015