DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mixed Infection of Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus and Grassy Shoot Phytoplasma in Yellow Leaf Affected Indian Sugarcane Cultivars

  • 투고 : 2020.06.03
  • 심사 : 2020.06.25
  • 발행 : 2020.08.01

초록

Sugarcane is an important sugar crop contributes more than 80% of world sugar production. Mosaic, leaf fleck, and yellow leaf (YL) are the major viral diseases affecting sugarcane, amongst YL occurrence is widely reported in all the sugarcane growing countries. It is caused by Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) and detailed works were done on complete genome characterization, transmission, and management. However, in countries like Egypt, South Africa, Cuba, Mauritius and Hawaii, the disease was reported to the cause of sugarcane yellow leaf phytoplasma (SCYP) and/or SCYLV as single/combined infections. Hence, we have investigated in detail to identify the exact Candidatus phytoplasma taxon associated in Indian cultivars affected with YL. The sequencing results and the restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of the PCR products using the universal phytoplasma primers confirmed presence of sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) phytoplasma (16SrXI group) in the YL-affected plants. Mixed infection of SCYLV and SCGS phytoplasma was estimated as 32.8% in YL affected plants. Evolutionary genetic relationship between SCYP and SCGS phytoplasma representatively taken from different countries showed that SCYP from South Africa and Cuba were diverged from others and had a highest similarity with SCGS phytoplasma. Although we wanted to identify SCYP from YL affected Indian sugarcane cultivars, the study clearly indicated a clear absence of SCYP in YL affected plants and we found SCYLV as the primary cause for the disease.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Aljanabi, S. M., Parmessur, Y., Moutia, Y., Saumtally, S. and Dookun, A. 2001. Further evidence of the association of a phytoplasma and a virus with yellow leaf syndrome in sugarcane. Plant Pathol. 50:628-636. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00604.x
  2. Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. and Lipman, D. J. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
  3. Arocha, Y., Gonzalez, L., Peralta, E. L. and Jones, P. 1999. First report of virus and phytoplasma pathogens associated with yellow leaf syndrome of sugarcane in Cuba. Plant Dis. 83:1177.
  4. Arocha, Y., Jones, P., Sumac, I. and Peralta, E. L. 2000. Detection of phytoplasmas associated to yellow leaf syndrome in Cuba. Revi. Prot. Veg. 15:81-86.
  5. Bertaccini, A., Duduk, B., Paltrinieri, S. and Contaldo, N. 2014. Phytoplasmas and phytoplasma diseases: a severe threat to agriculture. Am. J. Plant Sci. 5:1763-1788. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.512191
  6. Chinnaraja, C. and Viswanathan, R. 2015a. Quantification of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus in sugarcane following transmission through aphid vector, Melanaphis sacchari. Virusdisease 26:237-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-015-0267-7
  7. Chinnaraja, C. and Viswanathan, R. 2015b. Variability in yellow leaf symptom expression caused by the Sugarcane yellow leaf virus and its seasonal influence in sugarcane. Phytoparasitica 43:339-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-015-0468-z
  8. Chinnaraja, C., Viswanathan, R., Karuppaiah, R., Bagyalakshmi, K., Malathi, P. and Parameswari, B. 2013. Complete genome characterization of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus from India: evidence for RNA recombination. Eur. J. Plant. Pathol. 135:335-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-0090-6
  9. Chinnaraja, C., Viswanathan, R., Sathyabhama, M., Parameswari, B., Bagyalakshmi, K., Malathi, P. and Neelamathi, D. 2014. Quantification of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus in in vitro plantlets and asymptomatic plants of sugarcane by RT-qPCR. Curr. Sci. 106:729-734.
  10. Comstock, J. C., Irey, M. S., Lockhart, B. E. L. and Wang, Z. K. 1998. Incidence of yellow leaf syndrome in CP cultivars based on polymerase chain reaction and serological techniques. Sugar Cane 4:21-24.
  11. Cronje, C. P. R. and Bailey, R. A. 1999. Association of phytoplasmas with yellow leaf syndrome of sugarcane. Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol. 23:373-381.
  12. Cronje, C. P. R., Tymon, A. M., Jones, P. and Bailey, R. A. 1998. Association of a phytoplasma with a yellow leaf syndrome of sugarcane in Africa. Ann. Appl. Biol. 133:177-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1998.tb05818.x
  13. Deng, S. and Hiruki, C. 1991. Amplification of 16S rRNA genes from culturable and non culturable mollicutes. J. Microbiol. Methods 14:53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(91)90007-D
  14. Doyle, J. J. and Doyle, J. L. 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13-15.
  15. ElSayed, A. I. and Boulila, M. 2014. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of sugarcane yellow leaf phytoplasma (SCYLP) in Egypt. J. Phytopathol. 162:89-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12156
  16. ElSayed, A. I., Soufi, Z., Wahdan, K. M. and Komor, E. 2016. Detection and characterization of phytoplasma and Sugarcane yellow leaf virus associated with leaf yellowing of sugarcane. J. Phytopathol. 164:217-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12449
  17. Gaur, R., Raizada, R. and Rao, G. P. 2008. Sugarcane yellow leaf phytoplasma associated for the first time with sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome in India. New Disease Rep. 16:43.
  18. Gaur, R. K., Singh, A. P., Singh, M., Singh, A. K., Upadhyaya, P. P. and Rao, G. P. 2003. Reliability of serological identification of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (SCMV) and sugarcane yellow leaf luteovirus (SCYLV) from cane stalk juice. Sugar Cane Int. 5:18-21.
  19. Gundersen, D. E. and Lee, I. M. 1996. Ultrasensitive detection of phytoplasmas by nested-PCR assays using two universal primer pairs. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144-151.
  20. Hall, T. A. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 41:95-98.
  21. Kirdat, K., Tiwarekar, B., Thorat, V., Narawade, N., Dhotre, D., Sathe, S., Shouche, Y. and Yadav, A. 2020. Draft genome sequences of two phytoplasma strains associated with sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) and bermuda grass white leaf (BGWL) diseases. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 33:715-717. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-01-20-0005-A
  22. Kumar, S., Tiwari, A. K., Holkar, S. K., Duttamajumder, S. K. and Rao, G. P. 2015. Characterization of a 16SrI-B subgroup phytoplasma associated with Sugarcane leaf yellows disease in India. Sugar Tech 17:156-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-014-0318-1
  23. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. and Tamura, K. 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol Evol. 35:1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  24. Lee, I. M., Hammond, R. W., Davis, R. E. and Gundersen, D. E. 1993. Universal amplification and analysis of pathogen 16S rDNA for classification and identification of mycoplasmalike organisms. Phytopathology 83:834-842. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-83-834
  25. Lehrer, A. T., Kusalwong, A. and Komor, E. 2008. High incidence of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) in sugar plantations and germplasm collections in Thailand. Australas. Plant Dis. Notes 3:89-92. https://doi.org/10.1071/DN08036
  26. Nasare, K., Yadav, A., Singh, A. K., Shivasharanappa, K. B., Nerkar, Y. S. and Reddy, V. S. 2007. Molecular and symptom analysis reveal the presence of new phytoplasmas associated with sugarcane grassy shoot disease in India. Plant Dis. 91:1413-1418. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-91-11-1413
  27. Parmessur, Y., Aljanabi, S., Saumtally, S. and Dookun-Saumtally, A. 2002. Sugarcane yellow leaf virus and sugarcane yellows phytoplasma: elimination by tissue culture. Plant Pathol. 51:561-566. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00747.x
  28. Rao, G. P., Gaur, R. K., Singh, M., Srivastava, A. K., Virk, K. S., Singh, N., Viswanathan, R., Patil, A. S. and Jain, R. K. 2000. Occurrence of sugarcane yellow leaf virus in India. Sugar Tech 2:37-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02995586
  29. Rao, G. P., Madhupriya, Thorat, V., Manimekalai, R., Tiwari, A. K. and Yadav, A. 2017. A century progress of research on phytoplasma diseases in India. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 7:1-38. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-4677.2017.00001.9
  30. Rao, G. P., Madhupriya, Tiwari, A. K., Kumar, S. and Baranwal, V. K. 2014. Identification of sugarcane grassy shoot-associated phytoplasma and one of its putative vectors in India. Phytoparasitica 42:349-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-013-0366-1
  31. Rao, G. P., Mall, S. and Marcone, C. 2012. Recent biotechnological approaches in diagnosis and management of sugarcane phytoplasma diseases. In: Functional plant science and biotechnology. Recent trends in biotechnology and microbiology, Vol. 6, special issue 2, eds. by R. Viswanathan and A. R. Sundar, pp. 19-29. Global Science Books, New York, USA.
  32. Rassaby, L., Girard, J.-C., Lemaire, O., Costet, L., Irey, M. S., Kodja, H., Lockhart, B. E. L. and Rott, P. 2004. Spread of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus in sugarcane plants and fields on the island of Reunion. Plant Pathol. 53:117-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.00950.x
  33. Schenck, S. 1990. Yellow Leaf Syndrome: A New Disease of Sugarcane. Report of HSPA Experiment Station. Hawaii Sugar Planters Association, Honolulu, HI, USA. 98 pp.
  34. Schneider, B., Padovan, A., De La Rue, S., Eichner, R., Davis, R., Bernuetz, A. and Gibb, K. S. 1999. Detection and differentiation of phytoplasmas in Australia: an update. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 50:333-342. https://doi.org/10.1071/A98106
  35. Silva, E. G., Bedendo, I. P., Casagrande, M. V. and Moraes, V. A. 2009. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of a group 16SrI-B phytoplasma associated with sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome in Brazil. J. Phytopathol. 157:771-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01561.x
  36. Soufi, Z. and Komor, E. 2014. Latent infection of asymptomatic Hawaiian sugarcane cultivars with 16SrI and 16SrXI phytoplasmas. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 80:255-263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-014-0514-6
  37. Soufi, Z., Sakuanrungsirikul, S., Wongwarat, T., Hamarn, T., Srisink, S. and Komor, E. 2013. Sugarcane yellow leaf symptomatic plants in Thailand are infected by white leaf phytoplasma, not by leaf yellows phytoplasma. Australas. Plant Pathol. 42:723-729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-013-0238-7
  38. Tran-Nguyen, L., Blanche, K. R., Egan, B. and Gibb, K. S. 2000. Diversity of phytoplasmas in northern Australian sugarcane and other grasses. Plant Pathol. 49:666-669. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00498.x
  39. Viswanathan, R. 2000. Grassy shoot. In: A guide to sugarcane diseases, eds. by P. Rott, R. A. Bailey, J. C. Comstock, B. J. Croft and A. S. Saumtally, pp. 215-220. CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
  40. Viswanathan, R. 2002. Sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome in India: incidence and effect on yield parameters. Sugar Cane Int. 20:17-23.
  41. Viswanathan, R. 2016. Varietal degeneration in sugarcane and its management in India. Sugar Tech 18:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-015-0369-y
  42. Viswanathan, R. and Balamuralikrishnan, M. 2004. Detection of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus, the causal agent of yellow leaf syndrome in sugarcane by DAS-ELISA. Arch. Phytopathol. Plant Prot. 37:169-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235400410001730676
  43. Viswanathan, R., Balamuralikrishnan, M. and Karuppaiah, R. 2006. Yellow leaf disease of sugarcane: occurrence and impact of infected setts on disease severity and yield. Proc. Sugar Technol. Assoc. India 67:74-89.
  44. Viswanathan, R., Balamuralikrishnan, M. and Karuppaiah, R. 2008. Identification of three genotypes of sugarcane yellow leaf virus causing yellow leaf disease from India and their molecular characterization. Virus Genes 37:368-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-008-0277-2
  45. Viswanathan, R., Chinnaraja, C., Karuppaiah, R., Kumar, V. G., Rooba, J. J. and Malathi, P. 2011. Genetic diversity of sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS)-phytoplasmas causing grassy shoot disease in India. Sugar Tech 13:220-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-011-0084-2
  46. Viswanathan, R., Chinnaraja, C., Malathi, P., Gomathi, R., Rakkiyappan, P., Neelamathi, D. and Ravichandran, V. 2014. Impact of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV) infection on physiological efficiency and growth parameters of sugarcane under tropical climatic conditions in India. Acta Physiol. Plant. 36:1805-1822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1554-4
  47. Viswanathan, R., Karuppaiah, R., Malathi, P., Kumar, V. G. and Chinnaraja, C. 2009. Diagnosis of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus in asymptomatic sugarcane by RT-PCR. Sugar Tech 11:368-372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-009-0063-z
  48. Viswanathan, R., Malathi, P. and Neelamathi, D. 2018. Enhancing sugarcane yield per hectare through improved virus-free seed nursery programme. ICAR NEWS 24:4-5.
  49. Viswanathan, R., Padmanaban, P., Mohanraj, D., Ramesh Sundar, A. and Premachandran, M. N. 1999. Suspected yellow leaf syndrome in sugarcane. Sugarcane Breed. Inst. Newsl. 18:2-3.
  50. Viswanathan, R., Chinnaraja, C., Parameswari, B. and Chhabra, M. L. 2016. Status of yellow leaf resistance in sugarcane germplasm and parental clones at Sugarcane Breeding Institute, India. Int. Sugar J. 115:60-71.
  51. Viswanathan, R. and Rao, G. P. 2011. Disease scenario and management of major sugarcane diseases in India. Sugar Tech 13:336-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-011-0102-4