Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Contribution of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton to Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in the Reservoir-river-Seonakdong River, Busan

서낙동강에서 동·식물플랑크톤의 총유기탄소 기여율 변동 분석

  • Lee, You-Jung (Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment(BIHE))
  • 이유정 (부산광역시보건환경연구원)
  • Received : 2020.01.07
  • Accepted : 2020.06.20
  • Published : 2020.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Carbon biomass of plankton community, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Chlorophyll a (chl.a) concentration were examined in the SeoNakdong river from January to December in 2014, to assess composition of phyto- and zoo-plankton variation, to certify the correlation between chl.a and TOC and to determine the level of contribution of plankton carbon content to TOC in the reservoir-river ecosystem. The correlation level between TOC and chl.a was low in the year 2014 but exceptionally was highly correlated only during the period with cyanobacterial bloom. The high level of contribution of plankton carbon content to TOC was attributed to cyanobacterial carbon biomass from May to November and to Cladocera carbon biomass from March to May, November and December despite of its low abundance. These results suggest that there were inter-relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton and TOC and also subtle consistency of their properties through the year. These patterns should be discussed in relation to the physiochemical and biological characteristics of the environment, as well as to allochthonous organic matters from non-point pollution sources.

Keywords

References

  1. AlgaeBASE, 2015, http://www.algaebase.org.
  2. Andersen, A., Hessen, D. O., 1991, Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of freshwater zooplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36(4), 807-814. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0807
  3. APHA-AWWA-WEF, 2012, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 22th ed., APHA-AWWA-WEF, Washington D.C., USA.
  4. Balcer, M. D., Korda, N. L., Dodson, S. I., 1984, Zooplankton of the Great Lakes:A Guide to the identification and ecology of the common crustacean species, University of Wisconsin Press, Ltd., Wisconsin.
  5. Bianchi, F., Acri, F., Aubry, F. B., Berton, A., Boldrin, A., Camatti, E., Cassin, D., Comaschi, A., 2003, Can plankton communities be considered as bio-indicators of water quality in the Lagoon of Venice?, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 46(8), 964-971. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00111-5
  6. Cairn, J., McCormick, P. V., Niederlehner, B. R., 1993, A Proposed framework for developing indicators of ecosystem health, Hydrobiologia, 263(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006084
  7. Cho, G. S., 1993, Illustrated Book for Korean freshwater zooplankton, Academic Books., South Korea.
  8. Cho, K. J., Shin, J. K., 1998, Dynamics of inorganic N.P nutrient and planktonic algae during summer and winter in downstream of the Naktong River, Kor. J. Limnol., 31(1), 67-75.
  9. Choi, C. M., Moon, S. G., 2005, Phytoplankton flora and community structure in the SeoNakdong river, Proceedings of the Korean Environ. Sci. Soci. conference, 14(0), 257-259.
  10. Culver, D. A., Boucherie, M. M., Bean, D. J., Fletcher, J. W., 1985, Biomass of freshwater crustacean zooplankton from length-weight regressions, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 42(8), 1380-1390. https://doi.org/10.1139/f85-173
  11. Dawidowicz, P., 1990, Effectiveness of phytoplankton control by large-bodied and small-bodied zooplankton, Hydrobiologia, 200/201, 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02530327
  12. Downing, J. A., Rigler, F. H. R., 1984, A Manual on methods for the assessment of secondary productivity in freshwaters, 2nd ed., Blackwell Scientific Inc., Boston, USA.
  13. Dumont, H. J., Van de Velde, I. V., Dumont, S., 1975, The dry weight estimate of biomass in a selection of cladocera, copepoda and rotifera from the plankton, periphyton and benthos of continental waters, Oecologia, 19(1), 75-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377592
  14. Gordon, T. T., Way, J., Scranton, M. I., 2003, Planktonic carbon cycling and transport in surface waters of the highly urbanized Hudson River Estuary, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48(5), 1779-1795. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1779
  15. Han, M. S., Auh, Y. Y., Rhu, J. K., Yoo, K. I., Choi, Y. K., 1995, Ecological studies on Pal'tang river-reservoir system in Korea-2.Changes in phytoplankton community structure-, Korean J. Limnol. Soc., 28(3), 335-344.
  16. Helmut, H., 1999, Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae, J. Phyco., 35(2), 403-424. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3520403.x
  17. Hessen, D. O., Tranvik, L. J., 1998, Aquatic humic substances-ecology and biogeochemistry, Springer, Berlin;NewYork, 258-278.
  18. Hwang, S. C., Lee, B. H., Park, W. W., Cheong, Y. E., Park, H. J., Jeong, S. U., 1997, A Study on the relation between riverbed structure and pollutant concentration in down stream of Nakdong River, J. the Korean Envi. Sci. Soc., 6(5), 513-520.
  19. Jeon, S. I., Cho, S. J., 2004, Primary productivity of phytoplankton in the shallow and hypertrophic river(Seonakdong River), Korean J. Limnol. Soc., 37(1), 57-63.
  20. John, D. W., Robert, G. S., Patrick, K., 2003, Freshwater algae of North America-Ecology and Classification, 2nd ed., Academic Press, USA.
  21. Jun, S., Dongyan, L., 2003, Geometric models for calculating cell biovolume and surface area for phytoplankton, J. Plankton Res., 25, 1331-1346. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbg096
  22. Jung, Y., 1993, Illustrated Book for Korean freshwater algae, Academic Books.
  23. Kang, T. U., Lee, S. H., 2013, Comparison and analysis for water quality improvement alternatives of the Seonakdonggang, J. KOSHAM, 13(3), 227-237.
  24. Keckeis, S., Baranyi, C., Hein, T., Holarek, C., Riedler, P., Schiemer, F., 2003, The significance of zooplankton grazing in a floodplain system of the River Danube, J. Plankton Res., 25, 243-253. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.3.243
  25. Kellar, P. E., Paulson, S. A., Paulson, L. J., 1980, Methods for biological, chemical and physical analyses in reservoirs. Tech. Rep. 5, Lake Mead Limnological res. center, Univ. Nevada, Las Vegas, USA, 234.
  26. Kim, B. K., Lee, S. R., Lee, J. A., Chung, I. K., 2010, Molecular monitoring of plankton diversity in the Seonakdong river and along the coast of Namhae, J. the Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 15(1), 25-35.
  27. Kim, G. Y., Kim, J. Y., 2014, Standing crop distribution of aquatic plants in the West Nakdong river and riparian wetlands in the Nakdong river, Korean J. Limnol. Soc., 47(1), 62-69.
  28. Kim, H. S., Kong, D. S., Hwang, S. J., 2005, Characteristic community dynamics of phyto-and zooplankton in a shallow eutrophoic reservoir, Korean J. Limnol., 38(1), 18-29.
  29. Kim, H. W., Chang, K. H., Jeong, K. S., Joo, G. J., 2003, The spring metazooplankton dynamics in the river-reservoir hybrid system(Nakdong River, Korea):Its role in controlling the phytoplankton biomass, Korean J. Limnol., 36(4), 420-426.
  30. Kim, T. W., Gil, K. I., 2011, Runoff characteristics of refractory organic matters from Kyongan river watershed during rainfall event and dry season, J. Korean Soc. Wat. Qual., 27(4), 397-404.
  31. Kim, Y., 1986, Chemical and bacteriological water quality of the Seonakdong River, Bull. Korean Fish Soc., 19(4), 347-355.
  32. Larson, R. A., Hufnal, J. M., 1980, Oxidative polymerization of dissolved phenols by soluble and insoluble inorganic species, Limnol. Oceanogr., 25(3), 505-512. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1980.25.3.0505
  33. Lee, J. H., Kwon, J. N., Yang, S. Y., 2002, Seasonal variation of phytoplankton community in the Naktong river, Algae, 17(4), 267-273. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2002.17.4.267
  34. Lee, N. J., Kim, Y. D., Kwon, J. H., Shin, C. K., 2007, Two dimensional numerical modeling of water quality variation by gates operation in the Seonakdong River, J. the Korean Soc. Wat. Waste., 21(1), 101-112.
  35. Leppard, G. G., Munawar, M., 1992, The ultrastructual indicators of aquatic ecosystem health, J. Aqua. Eco. Heal., 1(4), 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044172
  36. Marta, R., Coma, R., Gili, J. M., 1999, Seasonal variation of particulate organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and the contribution of microbial communities to the live particulate organic carbon in a shallow near-bottom ecosystem at the Northestern Mediterranean Sea, J. Plankton Res., 21(6), 1077-1100. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/21.6.1077
  37. Meteorological Office, 2014, http://www.kma.go.kr.
  38. Ministry of Environment, 2012, Korean standard method for water qualtiy pollution, South Korea.
  39. Ministry of Environment, 2013, Survey guidelines for reservoir environment, South Korea.
  40. Morten, S., Borch, N. H., Riemann, B., 2000, Dynamics of biodegradable DOC produced by freshwater plankton communities, Aquat. microb. Ecol., 23(1), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame023073
  41. Ochiai, M., Nakajima, T., Hanya, T., 1979, Seasonal fluctuations of dissolved organic matter in Lake Nakanuma, Jpn J. Limnol., 40(185), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.3739/rikusui.40.185
  42. Owens, N. J. P., 1988, Natural variation in $^{15}N$ in the marine environment, Adv. in Mar. Biol., 24, 389-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60077-2
  43. Park, H. J., Yoo, S. J., Lee, B. H., Jeong, J. W., An, H. G., Park, W. W., 2001, Pollution characteristics and application of river sediment of the Western Nakdong River, Kor. J. Env. Hlth Soc., 27(1), 51-55.
  44. Park, H. J., Park, J. K., Park, W. W., 1994, The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the water, sediment and soil along the West Nakdong River, J. Env. Sci. Int'l, 3(4), 409-416.
  45. Seo, J. K., Lee, H. J., Chung, I. K., 2010, The community dynamics of microbial food web during algal bloom by Stephanodiscus spp. in the downstream of Nakdong river, Kor. J. Env. Biol., 28(3), 172-178.
  46. Sharp, Z., 2007, Principles of isotope geochemistry, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, USA, 184-206.
  47. Strathmann, R. R., 1967, Estimating the organic carbon content of phytoplankton from cell volume or plasma volume, Limnol. Oceanogr., 12, 411-418. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1967.12.3.0411
  48. Uhm, S. H., Hwang, S. J., 2006, Grazing relationship between phytoplankton and zooplankton in lake Paldang ecosystem, Kor. J. Limnol., 39(3), 390-401.
  49. WAMIS, 2014, http://www.wamis.go.kr.
  50. We, S. U., Yoon, C. H., Min, B. Y., 2012, Horizontal distributions and their ecotoxicological implications relating to PCBs, DDTs, HCHs and HCB in sediments in the West Nakdong River, J. Life Sci., 22(3), 332-339. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.3.332
  51. Wetzel, R. G., Likens, G., 2000, Limnological Analyses, 3rd ed., Springer, USA. 147-188.
  52. Wetzel, R. G., 2001, Limnology Lake and River Ecosystems, 3rd ed., Academic Press. 15-39.
  53. Yoon, H. S., Kim, G. Y., Kim, S. H., Lee, W. H., Yi, G. C., 2002, Physico-chemical characteristics of water and distribution of vascular hydrophytes in the West Nakdong river, South Korea, Korean J. Ecol., 25(5), 305-313. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2002.25.5.305