대한영상의학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology)

  • 제81권1호
  • /
  • Pages.70-80
  • /
  • 2020
  • /
  • 1738-2637(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-2928(eISSN)
대한영상의학회 (The Korean Society of Radiology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

자기공명영상 림프관조영술

MR Lymphangiography

  • 이상훈 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 홍준표 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 성형외과)
  • Sang Hoon Lee (Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine) ;
  • Joon Pio Hong (Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine)
  • 투고 : 2019.12.12
  • 심사 : 2020.01.14
  • 발행 : 2020.01.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

림프부종의 수술적 치료는 최근 늘어나고 있으며 그에 따른 림프관 평가를 위해 자기공명영상 획득이 증가하고 있다. 전통적인 T2 강조영상에서부터 삼차원 영상에 이르기까지 많은 발전이 이루어지고 있는 분야이다. 삼차원 영상으로는 spoiled gradient echo 영상이 있고 그 변형기법들이 시행되고 있으며 영상에 필수적인 지방억제기법은 최근 mDixon 기법이 각광받고 있다.

Currently, there has been an increase in the use of surgical modalities to treat lymphedema and MR imaging to examine lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, there have been several advancements in the field of MR imaging, from the traditional heavily T2-weighted images to three-dimensional images. Three-dimensional images include spoiled gradient echo images, and numerous advanced techniques have been implemented. Among the fat suppression techniques, mDixon technique has recently been in the spotlight.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Executive Committee. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2016 consensus document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology 2016;49:170-184
  2. Ki EY, Park JS, Lee KH, Hur SY. Incidence and risk factors of lower extremity lymphedema after gynecologic surgery in ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016;26:1327-1332 https://doi.org/10.1097/IGC.0000000000000757
  3. Hayes SC, Janda M, Ward LC, Reul-Hirche H, Steele ML, Carter J, et al. Lymphedema following gynecological cancer: results from a prospective, longitudinal cohort study on prevalence, incidence and risk factors. Gynecol Oncol 2017;146:623-629 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.06.004
  4. Shah C, Vicini FA. Breast cancer-related arm lymphedema: incidence rates, diagnostic techniques, optimal management and risk reduction strategies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81:907-914 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.05.043
  5. Mihara M, Hara H, Hayashi Y, Narushima M, Yamamoto T, Todokoro T, et al. Pathological steps of cancer-related lymphedema: histological changes in the collecting lymphatic vessels after lymphadenectomy. PLoS One 2012;7:e41126
  6. Ciudad P, Sabbagh MD, Agko M, Huang TCT, Manrique OJ, Roman C, et al. Surgical management of lower extremity lymphedema: a comprehensive review. Indian J Plast Surg 2019;52:81-92 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688537
  7. Karpanen T, Alitalo K. Molecular biology and pathology of lymphangiogenesis. Annu Rev Pathol 2008;3:367-397 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151515
  8. Kim H, Kataru RP, Koh GY. Regulation and implications of inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. Trends Immunol 2012;33:350-356 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2012.03.006
  9. Koshima I, Inagawa K, Urushibara K, Moriguchi T. Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis for the treatment of lymphedema in the upper extremities. J Reconstr Microsurg 2000;16:437-442 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-947150
  10. Neligan PC, Kung TA, Maki JH. MR lymphangiography in the treatment of lymphedema. J Surg Oncol 2017;115:18-22 https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.24337
  11. Garza RM, Chang DW. Lymphovenous bypass for the treatment of lymphedema. J Surg Oncol 2018;118:743-749 https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.25166
  12. Barrett T, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Imaging of the lymphatic system: new horizons. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2006;1:230-245 https://doi.org/10.1002/cmmi.116
  13. Zaleska MT, Olszewski WL. Imaging lymphatics in human normal and lymphedema limbs-usefulness of various modalities for evaluation of lymph and edema fluid flow pathways and dynamics. J Biophotonics 2018;11:e201700132
  14. Keo HH, Gretener SB, Staub D. Clinical and diagnostic aspects of lymphedema. Vasa 2017;46:255-261 https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000622
  15. Mihara M, Hara H, Araki J, Kikuchi K, Narushima M, Yamamoto T, et al. Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is superior to lymphoscintigraphy for diagnostic imaging of early lymphedema of the upper limbs. PLoS One 2012;7:e38182
  16. Notohamiprodjo M, Weiss M, Baumeister RG, Sommer WH, Helck A, Crispin A, et al. MR lymphangiography at 3.0 T: correlation with lymphoscintigraphy. Radiology 2012;264:78-87 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12110229
  17. Landau MJ, Gould DJ, Patel KM. Advances in fluorescent-image guided surgery. Ann Transl Med 2016;4:392
  18. Akita S, Mitsukawa N, Kazama T, Kuriyama M, Kubota Y, Omori N, et al. Comparison of lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green lymphography for the diagnosis of extremity lymphoedema. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013;66:792-798 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2013.02.023
  19. Liu NF, Yan ZX, Wu XF. Classification of lymphatic-system malformations in primary lymphoedema based on MR lymphangiography. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012;44:345-349 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.06.019
  20. Lee BB, Antignani PL, Baroncelli TA, Boccardo FM, Brorson H, Campisi C, et al. IUA-ISVI consensus for diagnosis guideline of chronic lymphedema of the limbs. Int Angiol 2015;34:311-332
  21. Seki Y, Kajikawa A, Yamamoto T, Takeuchi T, Terashima T, Kurogi N. Real-time Indocyanine green videolymphography navigation for lymphaticovenular anastomosis. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019;7:e2253
  22. Ogata F, Narushima M, Mihara M, Azuma R, Morimoto Y, Koshima I. Intraoperative lymphography using indo-cyanine green dye for near-infrared fluorescence labeling in lymphedema. Ann Plast Surg 2007;59:180-184 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000253341.70866.54
  23. Mitsumori LM, McDonald ES, Neligan PC, Maki JH. Peripheral magnetic resonance lymphangiography: techniques and applications. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2016;19:262-272 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tvir.2016.10.007
  24. Lohrmann C, Foeldi E, Speck O, Langer M. High-resolution MR lymphangiography in patients with primary and secondary lymphedema. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006;187:556-561 https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.05.1750
  25. Fink C, Bock M, Kiessling F, Delorme S. Interstitial magnetic resonance lymphography with gadobutrol in rats: evaluation of contrast kinetics. Invest Radiol 2002;37:655-662 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-200212000-00004
  26. Dimakakos E, Koureas A, Skiadas V, Kostapanagiotou G, Katsenis K, Arkadopoulos N, et al. Interstitial magnetic resonance lymphography with gadobutrol in rabbits and an initial experience in humans. Lymphology 2006;39:164-170
  27. Jeon JY, Lee SH, Shin MJ, Chung HW, Lee MH. Three-dimensional isotropic fast spin-echo MR lymphangiography of T1-weighted and intermediate-weighted pulse sequences in patients with lymphoedema. Clin Radiol 2016;71:e56-e63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2015.10.015
  28. Bae JS, Yoo RE, Choi SH, Park SO, Chang H, Suh M, et al. Evaluation of lymphedema in upper extremities by MR lymphangiography: comparison with lymphoscintigraphy. Magn Reson Imaging 2018;49:63-70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2017.12.024
  29. Alazraki NP, Styblo T, Grant SF, Cohen C, Larsen T, Waldrop S, et al. Sentinel node staging of early breast cancer using lymphoscintigraphy and the intraoperative gamma detecting probe. Radiol Clin North Am 2001;39:947-956, viii https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-8389(05)70322-5
  30. Kobayashi H, Brechbiel MW. Dendrimer-based macromolecular MRI contrast agents: characteristics and application. Mol Imaging 2003;2:1-10 https://doi.org/10.1162/153535003765276237
  31. Nakajima T, Turkbey B, Sano K, Sato K, Bernardo M, Hoyt RF, et al. MR lymphangiography with intradermal gadofosveset and human serum albumin in mice and primates. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014;40:691-697 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24395
  32. Kobayashi H, Kawamoto S, Bernardo M, Brechbiel MW, Knopp MV, Choyke PL. Delivery of gadolinium-labeled nanoparticles to the sentinel lymph node: comparison of the sentinel node visualization and estimations of intra-nodal gadolinium concentration by the magnetic resonance imaging. J Control Release 2006;111:343-351 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.12.019
  33. Ripley B, Wilson GJ, Lalwani N, Briller N, Neligan PC, Maki JH. Initial clinical experience with dual-agent relaxation contrast for isolated lymphatic channel mapping. Radiology 2018;286:705-714 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017170241
  34. Finn JP, Nguyen KL, Hu P. Ferumoxytol vs. gadolinium agents for contrast-enhanced MRI: thoughts on evolving indications, risks, and benefits. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017;46:919-923 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25580
  35. Liu NF, Lu Q, Jiang ZH, Wang CG, Zhou JG. Anatomic and functional evaluation of the lymphatics and lymph nodes in diagnosis of lymphatic circulation disorders with contrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography. J Vasc Surg 2009;49:980-987 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.11.029
  36. Mitsumori LM, McDonald ES, Wilson GJ, Neligan PC, Minoshima S, Maki JH. MR lymphangiography: how i do it. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015;42:1465-1477 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24887
  37. Weiss M, Burgard C, Baumeister R, Strobl F, Rominger A, Bartenstein P, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging versus lymphoscintigraphy for the assessment of focal lymphatic transport disorders of the lower limb: first experiences. Nuklearmedizin 2014;53:190-196 https://doi.org/10.3413/Nukmed-0649-14-03
  38. Cellina M, Oliva G, Menozzi A, Soresina M, Martinenghi C, Gibelli D. Non-contrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography: an emerging technique for the study of lymphedema. Clin Imaging 2019;53:126-133 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.10.006
  39. Kim EY, Hwang HS, Lee HY, Cho JH, Kim HK, Lee KS, et al. Anatomic and functional evaluation of central lymphatics with noninvasive magnetic resonance lymphangiography. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e3109
  40. Wright KL, Harrell MW, Jesberger JA, Landeras L, Nakamoto DA, Thomas S, et al. Clinical evaluation of CAIPIRINHA: comparison against a GRAPPA standard. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014;39:189-194 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24105
  41. Boettcher J, Pfeil A, Wolf G, Hansch A. Magnetic resonance venography of the upper venous system with blood pool contrast agent: comparison of two different T1-weighted sequences. Clin Imaging 2013;37:245-250 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.06.007
  42. Eggers H, Brendel B, Duijndam A, Herigault G. Dual-echo Dixon imaging with flexible choice of echo times. Magn Reson Med 2011;65:96-107 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.22578
  43. Pieper CC, Schild HH. Interstitial transpedal MR-lymphangiography of central lymphatics using a standard MR contrast agent: feasibility and initial results in patients with chylous effusions. Rofo 2018;190:938-945 https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0598-5063