DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Soil Properties Under Different Vegetation Types in Chittagong University Campus, Bangladesh

  • Akhtaruzzaman, Md. (Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong) ;
  • Roy, Sajal (Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong) ;
  • Mahmud, Muhammad Sher (Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong) ;
  • Shormin, T. (Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong)
  • Received : 2020.02.01
  • Accepted : 2020.04.17
  • Published : 2020.06.30

Abstract

Soil physical and chemical properties at three layers such as top (0-10 cm), middle (10-20 cm) and bottom (20-30 cm) layers under three different vegetation types were studied. Soil samples were collected from Acacia forest, vegetable and fallow lands of Chittagong university campus, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Results showed that sand was the dominant soil particle followed by clay and silt fractions in all soil depths under different vegetation types. Soils of fallow land showed the highest values of bulk density while forest soils had the lowest values at three depths. Acacia forest soil having lowest values of dispersion ratio (DR) is less vulnerable while fallow soil with highest DR values is more vulnerable to soil erosion. The lower pH value at all soil layers in three ecosystems represented that soils under study are acidic in nature. Contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were observed higher in Acacia forest soils compared to vegetable and fallow soils. Only soils of vegetable land had higher level of available phosphorus in three layers than that of other two land covers. The study also revealed that different soil properties were observed in three different vegetation types might be due to variation in vegetation and agronomic practices.

Keywords

References

  1. Abera Y, Belachew T. 2011. Effects of landuse on soil organic carbon and nitrogen in soils of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 14: 229-235.
  2. Abiyu A, Lemenih M, Gratzer G, Aerts R, Teketay D, Glatzel G. 2011. Status of native woody species diversity and soil characteristics in an exclosure and in plantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Cupressus lusitanica in Northern Ethiopia. Mt Res Dev 31: 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00116.1
  3. Ahmed N. 1984. Chemical and mineralogical properties of some soils from the rubber plantations in Chittagong. M Sc. Thesis, Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka.
  4. Akhtaruzzaman M, Osman KT, Haque SMS. 2015. Properties of soils under different land uses in Chittagong region, Bangladesh. J For Environ Sci 31: 14-23.
  5. Alam L, Miyauchi N, Shinagawa A. 1993. Study on clay mineralogical characteristics of hill and terrace soils of Bangladesh. Clay Sci 9: 109-121.
  6. An S, Huang Y, Liu M. 2010. Soil organic carbon density and land restoration: example of southern mountain area of Ningxia province, Northwest China. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 41: 181-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620903429976
  7. Annabi M, Le Bissonnais Y, Le Villio-Poitrenaud M, Houota S. 2011. Improvement of soil aggregate stability by repeated applications of organic amendments to a cultivated silty loam soil. Agric Ecosyst Environ 144: 382-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.07.005
  8. Anteneh A, Birru Y, Yihenew G, Tadele A. 2014. The role of biochar on acid soil reclamation and yield of teff (Eragrostis tef [Zucc] Trotter) in Northwestern Ethiopia. J Agric Sci 6: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n4p1
  9. Armenteras D, Rudas G, Rodriguez N, Sua S, Romero M. 2006. Patterns and causes of deforestation in the Colombian Amazon. Ecol Indic 6: 353-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.03.014
  10. Berger TW, Neubauer C, Glatzel G. 2002. Factors controlling soil carbon and nitrogen stores in pure stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and mixed species stands in Austria. For Ecol Manage 159: 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00705-8
  11. Biro K, Pradhan B, Buchroithner M, Makeschin F. 2013. Land use/land cover change analysis and its impact on soil properties in the northern part of Gadarif region, Sudan. Land Degrad Dev 24: 90-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.1116
  12. Black CA. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis Part II Mono 9. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp 1022.
  13. Blake GR. 1965. Bulk Density. In: Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling, 9.1. (Black CA, Evans DD, White JL, Ensminger LE, Clark FE, eds). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 374-390.
  14. Brammer. 1971. Bangladesh Land Resources Technical Report-3, AGL: SF, Pak-6, FAO, Rome.
  15. Chen J, Guo C. 2008. Ecosystem ecology research trends. Nova Science Publishers, New York, NY, pp 308.
  16. Chen X, Li BL. 2003. Change in soil carbon and nutrient storage after human disturbance of a primary Korean pine forest in Northeast China. For Ecol Manage 186: 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00258-5
  17. Clark MN. 2012. Deforestation in Madagascar: consequences of population growth and unsustainable agricultural processes. Global Majority E J 3: 61-71.
  18. Day PR. 1965. Particle fractionation and particle‐size analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling, 9.1. (Black CA, Evans DD, White JL, Ensminger LE, Clark FE, eds). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 545-567.
  19. Emadi M, Emadi M, Baghernejad M, Fathi H, Saffari M. 2008. Effect of Land Use Change on Selected Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in North Highlands of Iran. J Appl Sci 8: 496-502. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.496.502
  20. Erktan A, Cecillon L, Graf F, Roumet C, Legout C, Rey F. 2016. Increase in soil aggregate stability along a Mediterranean successional gradient in severely eroded gully bed ecosystems: combined effects of soil, root traits and plant community characteristics. Plant Soil 398: 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2647-6
  21. Fisher RF, Binkley D. 2000. Ecology and management of forest soils. 3rd ed. John Wiley, New York, NY, pp 23-30.
  22. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010: main report. FAO, Rome, pp 378.
  23. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2015. Global forest resources assessment 2015. Desk reference. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp 26-29.
  24. FrossardE, Condron LM, Oberson A, Sinaj S, Fardeau JC. 2000. Processes governing phosphorus availability in temperate soils. J Environ Qual 29: 15-23. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010003x
  25. Gafur A. Borggaard OK. Jensen JR. Petersen L. 2000. Changes in soil nutrient content under shifting cultivation in the Chittagong Hill tracts of Bangladesh. Danish J Geogr 100: 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2000.10649437
  26. Gogo S, Pearce DME. 2009. Carbon, cations and CEC: interactions and effects on microbial activity in peat. Geoderma 153: 76-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.07.015
  27. Haile G, Lemenhi M, Itanna F, Senbeta F. 2014. Impacts of land uses changes on soil fertility, carbon and nitrogen stock under smallholder farmers in central highlands of Ethiopia: implication for sustainable agricultural landscape management around Butajira area. N Y Sci J 7: 27-44.
  28. Hajabbasi MA, Jalalian A, Karimzadeh HR. 1997. Deforestation effects on soil physical and chemical properties, Lordegan, Iran. Plant Soil 190: 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004243702208
  29. Han H, Yang C, Song J. 2015. Scenario Simulation and the Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Beijing, China. Sustainability 7: 4260-4279. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7044260
  30. Han X, Gao G, Chang R, Li Z, Ma Y, Wang S, Wang C, Lu Y, Fu B. 2018. Changes in soil organic and inorganic carbon stocks in deep profiles following cropland abandonment along a precipitation gradient across the Loess Plateau of China. Agric Ecosyst Environ 258: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.02.006
  31. Hassan MM. 1991. Clay mineralogy of some soils developed on alluvial parent materials in Bangladesh. J Bangladesh Acad Sci 15: 163-171.
  32. He J, Kuhn NJ, Zhang XM, Zhang XR, Li HW. 2009. Effects of 10 years of conservation tillage on soil properties and productivity in the farming-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China. Soil Use Manage 25: 201-209. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2009.00210.x
  33. Hepper EN, Buschiazzo DE, Hevia GG, Urioste A, Anton L. 2006. Clay mineralogy, cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of loess soils with different volcanic ash contents. Geoderma 135: 216-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.12.005
  34. Hung TT, Doyle R, Eyles A, Mohammed C. 2017. Comparison of soil properties under tropical Acacia hybrid plantation and shifting cultivation land use in northern Vietnam. Southern For : a J For Sci 79: 9-18.
  35. Hussain MS. 1992. Soil classification: with special reference to the soils of Bangladesh. University of Dhaka, Dhaka, pp 105-109.
  36. Igwe CA, Akamigbo FOR, Mbagwu JSC. 1999. Chemical and mineralogical properties of soils in southeastern Nigeria in relation to aggregate stability. Geoderma 92: 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(99)00029-4
  37. Islam KR, Weil RR. 2000. Land use effects on soil quality in a tropical forest ecosystem of Bangladesh. Agric Ecosyst Environ 79: 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00145-0
  38. Islam MR, Hassan MZ. 2011. Land Use Changing Pattern and Challenges for Agricultural Land: A Study on Rajshahi District. J Life Earth Sci 6: 69-74. https://doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9724
  39. Islam MS, Hasan GMJ, Chowdhury MAI. 2006. Destroying hills in the northeastern part of Bangladesh: a qualitative assessment of extent of the problem and its probable impact. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2: 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325890
  40. Islam MS. 2008. Soil fertility history, present status and future scenario in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Agric Environ 4: 129-151.
  41. Jackson ML. 1973. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp 205-226.
  42. Jeddi K, Chaieb M. 2012. Restoring degraded arid Mediterranean areas with exotic tree species: influence of an age sequence of Acacia salicina on soil and vegetation dynamics. Flora 207: 693-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2012.07.002
  43. Jiang Y, Hao W, Zhang YG, Liang WJ. 2006. Changes in soil nutrients with profile depth in aquic brown soil under different land uses. J Soil Water Conserv 20: 93-96. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2006.03.023
  44. Jiao Y, Xu Z, Zhao J. 2009. Effects of grassland conversion to cropland and forest on soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in the farming-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecol Sin 29: 150-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2009.07.001
  45. Jobbagy EG, Jackson RB. 2001. The distribution of soil nutrients with depth: global patterns and the imprint of plants. Biogeochemistry 53: 51-77. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010760720215
  46. Jones D, Smith BFL, Wilson MJ, Goodman BA. 1991. Phosphate solubilizing fungi in a Scottish upland soil. Mycol Res 95: 1090-1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80553-4
  47. Kamusoko C, Aniya M. 2007. Land use/cover change and landscape fragmentation analysis in the Bindura District, Zimbabwe. Land Degrad Dev 18: 221-233. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.761
  48. Karim A, Khan DH. 1955. Soils of the Nanakhi series, East Pakistan: I. Morphology, textural separates, and exchangeable cations. Soil Sci 80: 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-195508000-00007
  49. Khresat S, Al‐Bakri J, Al‐Tahhan R. 2008. Impacts of land use/cover change on soil properties in the Mediterranean region of northwestern Jordan. Land Degrad Dev 19: 397-407. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.847
  50. Kizilkaya R, Dengiz O. 2010. Variation of land use and land cover effects on soil some physico-chemical characteristics and soil enzyme activity. Zemdirbyste 97: 15-24.
  51. Krisnawati H, Kallio M, Kanninen M. 2011. Acacia mangium willd: ecology, silviculture and prodctivity. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, pp 1-26.
  52. Lemenih M. 2004. Effects of Land Use Changes on Soil Quality and Native Flora Degradation and Restoration in the Highlands of Ethiopia. Doctoral Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. (in English)
  53. Liu ZX, Chen X, Jing Y, Li Q, Zhang J, Huang Q. 2014. Effects of biochar amendment on rapeseed and sweet potato yields and water stable aggregate in upland red soil. Catena 123: 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.07.005
  54. Lu D, Moran E, Mausel P. 2002. Linking Amazonian secondary succession forest growth to soil properties. Land Degrad Dev 13: 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.516
  55. Mamun AA, Mahmood A, Rahman M. 2013. Identification and Monitoring the Change of Land Use Pattern Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Dhaka City. J Mech Civ Eng 6: 20-28.
  56. Middleton HE. 1930. Properties of soils which influence soil erosion. USDA Technical Bulletin 178: 1-16.
  57. Minitab Inc. 1996. Minitab user's guide: release 11 for Windows. Minitab Inc., State College, PA, pp 278-292.
  58. Moran EF, Brondizio ES, Tucker JM, Silva-Forsberg MCD, McCracken S, Falesi I. 2000. Effects of soil fertility and land-use on forest succession in Amazonia. For Ecol Manage 139: 93-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00337-0
  59. Morris TL, Esler K, Barger N, Jacobs SM, Cramer MD. 2011. Ecophysiological traits associated with the competitive ability of invasive Australian acacias. Divers Distrib 17: 898-910. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00802.x
  60. Moslehuddin AZM, Hussain MS, Saheed SM, Egashira K. 1999. Clay mineral distribution in correspondence with agroecological regions of Bangladesh soils. Clay Sci 11: 83-94.
  61. Munoz-Rojas M, Jordan A, Zavala LM, De la Rosa D, Abd-Elmabod SK, Anaya-Romero M. 2012. Organic carbon stocks in Mediterranean soil types under different land uses (Southern Spain). Solid Earth 3: 375-386. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-3-375-2012
  62. Negasa T, Ketema H, Legesse A, Sisay M, Temesgen H. 2017. Variation in soil properties under different land use types managed by smallholder farmers along the toposequence in southern Ethiopia. Geoderma 290: 40-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.11.021
  63. Oraon PR, Singh L, Jhariya MK. 2018. Forest floor biomass, litterfall and physico-chemical properties of soil along the anthropogenic disturbance regimes in tropics of Chhattisgarh, India. J For Environ Sci 34: 359-375.
  64. Panwar P, Pal S, Reza SK, Sharma B. 2011. Soil Fertility Index, Soil Evaluation Factor, and Microbial Indices under Different Land Uses in Acidic Soil of Humid Subtropical India. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 42: 2724-2737. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.622820
  65. Park J, Yim J, Lee J. 2017. Evaluation of a Land Use Change Matrix in the IPCC's Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry Area Sector Using National Spatial Information. J For Environ Sci 33: 295-304
  66. Perie C, Ouimet R. 2008. Organic carbon, organic matter and bulk density relationships in boreal forest soils. Can J Soil Sci 88: 315-325. https://doi.org/10.4141/CJSS06008
  67. Pierzynski GM, Sims JT, Vance GF. 2000. Soils and environmental quality. 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, pp 107-120.
  68. Piper CS. 1950. Soil and plant analysis. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, pp 3-7.
  69. Prietzel J, Bachmann S. 2012. Changes in soil organic C and N stocks after forest transformation from Norway spruce and Scots pine into Douglas fir, Douglas fir/spruce, or European beech stands at different sites in Southern Germany. For Ecol Manage 269: 134-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.034
  70. Qi Y, Chen T, Pu J, Yang F, Shukla MK, Chang Q. 2018. Response of soil physical, chemical and microbial biomass properties to land use changes in fixed desertified land. Catena 160: 339-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.10.007
  71. Sharma VK, Kumar A. 2003. Characterization and classification of the soils of upper Maul khad catchment in wet temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. Agropedology 13: 39-49.
  72. Sharpley A, Foy B, Withers P. 2000. Practical and Innovative Measures for the Control of Agricultural Phosphorus Losses to Water: An Overview. J Environ Qual 29: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010001x
  73. Shoji S, Fujiwara Y, Yamada I, Saigusa M. 1982. Chemistry and clay mineralogy of Ando soils, Brown forest soils, and Podzolic soils formed from recent Towada ashes, northeastern Japan. Soil Sci 133: 69-86. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198202000-00001
  74. Singh MJ, Khera KL. 2008. Soil erodibility indices under different land uses in lower Shiwaliks. Tropical Ecol 49: 113-119.
  75. Six J, Conant RT, Paul EA, Paustian K. 2002. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant Soil 241: 155-176. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016125726789
  76. Spaccini R, Zena A, Igwe CA, Mbagwu JSC, Piccolo A. 2001. Carbohydrates in water-stable aggregates and particle size fractions of forested and cultivated soils in two contrasting tropical ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 53: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010714919306
  77. SRDI (Soil Resources Development Institute). 1976. Reconnaissance Soil Survey of Sadar South and Cox's Bazar Subdivision Chittagong District. Department of Soil Survey. Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh.
  78. SRDI (Soil Resources Development Institute). 2002. Land and Soil Resource Use Directory: Thunchi Upazilla, Bandarban Hill District. Soil Resources Development Institute, Dhaka, pp 150.
  79. Sun G, Wu N, Luo P. 2005. Characteristics of soil nitrogen and carbon of pastures under different management in northwestern Sichuan. Acta Phytoecology Sin 29: 304-310.
  80. Tunesi S, Poggi V, Gessa C. 1999. Phosphate adsorption and precipitation in calcareous soils: the role of calcium ions in solution and carbonate minerals. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 53: 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009709005147
  81. Walkley A, Black IA. 1934. An Examination of the Degtjareff Method for Determining Soil Organic Matter, and a Proposed Modification of the Chromic Acid Titration Method. Soil Sci 37: 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
  82. Yang W, Li Z, Cai C, Guo Z, Chen J, Wang J. 2013. Mechanical properties and soil stability affected by fertilizer treatments for an Ultisol in subtropical China. Plant Soil 363: 157-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1266-8
  83. Zajicova K, Chuman T. 2019. Effect of land use on soil chemical properties after 190 years of forest to agricultural land conversion. Soil Water Res 14: 121-131. https://doi.org/10.17221/5/2018-SWR
  84. Zhang ZS, Song XL, Lu XG, Xue ZS. 2013. Ecological stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in estuarine wetland soils: influences of vegetation coverage, plant communities, geomorphology, and seawalls. J Soil Sediment 13: 1043-1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0693-3