Journal of Pharmacopuncture (대한약침학회지)

KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE (대한약침학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Variations in Ginsenosides of Raw Ginseng According to Heating Temperature and Time

  • Received : 2020.06.02
  • Accepted : 2020.06.11
  • Published : 2020.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: Ginsenosides found in ginseng, and the hydrolysates derived from their conversion, exhibit diverse pharmacological characteristics [1]. These have been shown to include anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic effects, as well as being able to provide hepatic and neuroprotective effects, immunomodulation, vasodilation, promotion of insulin secretion, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how quickly the ginsenosides decompose and what kinds of degradation products are created under physicochemical processing conditions that don't involve toxic chemicals or other treatments that may be harmful. Methods: The formation of ginsenoside-Rg2 and ginsenoside-Rg3 was examined. These demonstrated diverse pharmacological effects. Results: We also investigated physicochemical factors affecting their conversion. The heating temperatures and times yielding the highest concentration of ginsenosides (-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rc, -Rd, -Rf, -Rg1, and -Re) were examined. Additionally, the heating temperatures and rates of conversion of these ginsenosides into new 'ginseng saponins', were examined. Conclusion: In conclusion, obtained provide us with effective technology to control the concentration of both ginsenosides and the downstream converted saponins (ginsenoside-Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 etc.), as well as identifying the processing conditions which enable an enrichment in concentration of these compounds.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi KT, Yang DC. Pharmacological Effects and Medicinal Components of Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). The Korean Ginseng Research and Industry. 2012;6(2):2-21.
  2. Kim, CS. The Ginseng Story: Manufacture & Processing, Quality & Sorting. The Korean Ginseng Research and Industry. 2010;4(2):24-43.
  3. Part of the Korean Ginseng Industry Law No. 14696 amended. 2017;04.18.
  4. Kim CS, Kim SB. Determination of Ginseng Saponins by Reversed-Phase High performance Liquid Chromatography. Korean journal of medicinal crop science. 2001;9(1):21-5.
  5. Nam KY, Li X, Kim BY, Cho HS, Hwang KB. Changes of Chemical Compositions and Ginsenoside Contents of Different Root Parts of Ginsengs with Processing Method. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 2010;18(2):118-25.
  6. Youn UJ, Gu BS, Kim KH, Ha C, Jung IC. Variation of main components according to the number of steaming and drying of Rehmanniae radix preparata. J Pharmacopuncture. 2018;21(2):112-9. https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2018.21.014
  7. Nam KY, Choi JE and Park JD. Transformation Techniques for the Large Scale Production of Ginsenoside Rg3. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 2013;21(5):401-14. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2013.21.5.401
  8. Hong HD, Kim YC, Rho JH, Changes on Physicochemical Properties of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer during Repeated. J. Ginseng Res. 2007;31(4):222-9. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2007.31.4.222
  9. Choi JE, Nam KY, Li X, Kim BY, Cho HS, Hwang KB. Changes of Chemical Compositions and Ginsenoside Contents of Different Root Parts of Ginsengs with Processing Method. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 2010;18(2):118-25.
  10. Nam KY, Lee NR, Moon BD, Song GY, Shin HS, Choi JE. Changes of Ginsenosides and Color from Black Ginsengs Prepared by Steaming-Drying Cycles. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 2012;20(1):27-35. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2012.20.1.027
  11. Samukawa K, Yamashita H, Matsuda H, Kubo M. Simultaneous Analysis of Ginsenosides of Various Ginseng Radix by HPLC. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1995;115(3):241-9. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.115.3_241
  12. Kim CS, Choi KJ, Kim SC, Ko SY, Sung HS, Lee YG. Controls of the Hydrolysis of Ginseng Saponins by Neutralization of Organic Acids in Red Ginseng Extract Preparations. Journal of Ginseng Research, 1998;22(3):205-10.
  13. Jin Y, Kim YJ, Jeon JN, Wang C, Min JW, Jung SY, et al. Changes of Ginsenosides and Physiochemical Properties in Ginseng by New 9 Repetitive Steaming and Drying Process. Korean J Plant Res. 2012;25(4):473-81. https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2012.25.4.473
  14. Kim HJ, Lee JY, You BR, Kim HR, Choi JE, Nam KY, et al. Antioxidant Activities of Ethanol Extracts from Black Ginseng Prepared by Steaming-Drying Cycles. J. Kore-an Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 2011;40(2):156-62. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.2.156
  15. Ko SK, Chung R, Choi YE, Im BO, Sung JH. Analysis of Ginsenoside of White and Red Ginseng Concentrates. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 2003;35(3):536-9.
  16. Nam KY, Kim YS, Shon MY, Park JD. Recent Advances in Studies on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Korean Black Ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 2015;46(3):173-88.
  17. Yang BW, Han ST, Ko SK. Quantitative Analysis of Ginsenosides in Red Ginseng Extracted under Various Temperature and Time. Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy. 2006;37(4):217-24.
  18. Nam KY, Choi JE, Hong SC, Pyo MK, Park JD. Recent Progress in Research on Anticancer Activities of Ginsenoside-Rg3. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 2014;45(1):1-10.
  19. Dong H, Bai LP, Wong VK, Zhou H, Wang JR, Liu Y, et al. The in vitro structure-related anticancer activity of ginsenosides and their derivatives. Molecules and Cells. 2011;16:10619-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules161210619
  20. Matsuda H, Kubo T and Kubo M. Chemical changes of ginsenoside- Rbl in stomach and improving effects of product, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3 on a peripheral circulation disorder. The Ginseng Review. 2000;12-15.
  21. Nam KY, Kim YS, Shon MY, Park JD. Recent Advances in Studies on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Korean Black Ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 2015;46(3):173-88.