DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Water table: The dominant control on CH4 and CO2 emission from a closed landfill site

  • Nwachukwu, Arthur N. (Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Sciences School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester) ;
  • Nwachukwu, Nkechinyere V. (Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)
  • 투고 : 2020.03.19
  • 심사 : 2020.05.29
  • 발행 : 2020.06.25

초록

A time series dataset was conducted to ascertain the effect of water table on the variability in and emission of CH4 and CO2 concentrations at a closed landfill site. An in-situ data of methane/carbon dioxide concentrations and environmental parameters were collected by means of an in-borehole gas monitor, the Gasclam (Ion Science, UK). Linear regression analysis was used to determine the strength of the correlation between ground-gas concentration and water table. The result shows CH4 and CO2 concentrations to be variable with strong negative correlations of approximately 0.5 each with water table over the entire monitoring period. The R2 was slightly improved by considering their concentration over single periods of increasing and decreasing water table, single periods of increasing water table, and single periods of decreasing water table; their correlations increased significantly at 95% confidence level. The result revealed that fluctuations in groundwater level is the key driving force on the emission of and variability in groundgas concentration and neither barometric pressure nor temperature. This finding further validates the earlier finding that atmospheric pressure - the acclaimed major control on the variability/migration of CH4 and CO2 concentrations on contaminated sites, is not always so.

키워드

과제정보

The work was funded by Ebonyi State Government of Nigeria under the leadership of His Excellency; Chief Martin N. Elechi with grant number EBSG/SSB/FSA/040/VOL. VIII/046.

참고문헌

  1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2016), "Landfill gas premier: An overview of environmental health professionals", http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/landfill/html/intro.html.
  2. Aitkenhead, N. and Williams, G.M. (1986), "Geological evidence to the public inquiry into the gas explosion at Loscoe", Report No. FP/87/8/83AS; British Geological Survey.
  3. Bogner, J., Abdelrafie Ahmed, M., Diaz, C., Faaij, A., Gao, Q., Hashimoto, S., Mareckova, K., Pipatti, R. and Zhang. T. (2007), Waste Management, in Climate Change: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, U.S.A., 34.
  4. Boltze, U. and de Freitas, M.H. (1996), "Changes in atmospheric pressure associated with dangerous emissions from gas generating disposal sites: The explosion risk threshold concept", Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng., 119(3), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1680/igeng.1996.28509.
  5. Boucher, O., Friedlingstein, P., Collins, B. and Shine, K.P. (2009), "The indirect global warming potential and the global temperature change due to methane oxidation", Environ. Res. Lett., 4(4), 044007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044007.
  6. Boult, S., Morris, P. and Talbot, S. (2011), "Contaminated land application in real environment (CL:AIRE) bulletin", RB 13 http://www.ground-gassolutions.co.uk.
  7. Cai, B.F., Liu, J.G., Gao, Q.X., Nie, X.Q., Cao, D., Liu, L.C., Zhou, Y. and Zhang, Z.S. (2014), "Estimation of methane emissions from municipal solid waste landfills in China based on point emission sources", Adv. Climate Change Res., 5(2), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1248.2014.081.
  8. Chai, X., Lou, Z., Takayuki, S., Hirofumi, N., Zhu, Y., Cao, X., Teppei, K., Toshio, I. and Zhao, Y. (2007), "Characteristics of environmental factors and their effects on $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ emissions from a closed landfill: An ecological case study of Shanghai", Waste Manage., 30(3), 446- 451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.09.047.
  9. Davis, G.B., Trefry, M.G. and Patterson, B.M. (2004), "Petroleum and solvent vapours: quantifying their behaviour, assessment and exposure", CSIRO Land and Water Report to the Western Australian Department of the Environment, Perth, Australia.
  10. Environmental Agency (2009), "Control of landfill gas containing low concentrations of methane", Science Report No. SC030305/SR2, Environment Agency, Bristol, U.K.
  11. Epron, D., Bosc, A., Bonal, D. and Freycon, V. (2006), "Spatial variation of soil respiration across a topographic gradient in tropical rainforest in French Guiana", J. Tropical Ecol., 22(5), 565-574. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467406003415.
  12. European Environment Agency (EEA). (2008), "Annual European community greenhouse gas inventory 1990-2006 and inventory report 2008", Submission to the UNFCCC Secretariat, EEA Technical Report No. 6; Kongens Nytorv 6, 1050 Copenhagen, Denmark. http://reports.eea.europa.eu/technical_report_2008_6/en.
  13. Feuyit, G., Nzali, S., Lambi, J.N. and Laminsi, S. (2019), "Air quality and human health risk assessment in the residential areas at the proximity of the Nkolfoulou landfill in Yaounde Metropolis, Cameroon", J. Chem., 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3021894.
  14. Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D.W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D.C., Myhre, G. and Nganga, J. (2007), Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, U.S.A.
  15. Health and Safety Executive (2003), "Review of landfill gas: incidents and guidance", Report No. DINTD5/030, Health and Safety Executive, London, U.K.
  16. Katy, B., Helen, H., Lara, P., Don, B. and Cecilia, M. (2009), "The VOCs Handbook: Investigation, assessing, and managing risks from inhalation of VOCs at land affected by contamination", Report No. 766, Construction Industry Research Information Association (CIRIA).
  17. Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance (2010), North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management Solid Waste Section, U.S.A. http://portal.ncdenr.org/c/document_library/get_file?uuid0da699f7e-8c13-4249-9012-16af8aefdc7b&groupId038361.
  18. Menon, S., Denman, K.L., Brasseur, G., Chidthaisong, A., Ciais, P., Cox, P.M., Dickinson, R.E., Hauglustaine, D., Heinze, C., Holland, E. and Jacob, D. (2007), Couplings between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, U.S.A.
  19. Nagamori, M., Mowjood, M.I.M., Watanabe, Y., Isobe, Y., Ishigaki, T. and Kawamoto, K. (2016), "Characterization of temporal variations in landfill gas components inside an open solid waste dump site in Sri Lanka", J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 66(12), 1257-1267. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1212746.
  20. New York Times (1984), "Ohio homes condemned by gas bring a fight over compensation", New York Times, November.
  21. Njoku, P.O., Odiyo, J.O., Durowoju, O.S. and Edokpayi, J.N. (2018), "A review of landfill gas generation and utilisation in Africa", Open J. Environ. Sci., 10, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.2174/1876325101810010001.
  22. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (2010), "Solid waste section landfill gas monitoring guidance", Division of Waste Management, North Carolina, U.S.A.
  23. Nwachukwu, A.N. (2019), "The effect of atmospheric temperature on methane ($CH_4$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission from a closed landfill in Manchester, United Kingdom", Pakistan J. Anal. Environ. Chem., Under Review.
  24. Nwachukwu, A.N. and Anonye, D. (2012), "The effect of atmospheric pressure on methane ($CH_4$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission from a closed landfill in Manchester, United Kingdom", Environ. Monit. Assess., 185(7), 5729-5735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2979-0.
  25. O'Riordan, N.J. and Milloy, C.J. (1995), "Risk assessment for methane and other gases from the ground", CIRIA Report No. 152, CIRIA, London, U.K.
  26. Othieno, R. (2017) "Carbon Dioxide incident in Gorebridge, Midlothian, April 2014", Final Report of the Incident Management Team, NHS, Lothian, U.K. http://www.nhslothian.scot.nhs.uk/MediaCentre/PressReleases/2017/Documents/Gorebridge%20Report.pdf.
  27. Permentier, K., Vercammen, S., Soetaert, S. and Schellemans, C. (2017), "Carbon dioxide poisoning: A literature review of an often forgotten cause of intoxication in the emergency department", Int. J. Emergency Med., 10(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-017-0142-y.
  28. Raich, J.W. and Schlesinger, W.H. (1992), "The global carbon flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate", Tellus, 44(2), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v44i2.15428.
  29. Richard, B. and Peter, W. (2007), "Guidance on evaluation of development proposals on sites where methane and carbon dioxide are present", The National House-Building Council (NHBC) Report Edition No. 04, NHBC, Amersham, England, U.K.
  30. Scheutz, C., Bogner, J., Chanton, J.P., Blake, D., Morcet, M., Aran, C. and Kjeldsen, P. (2008), "Atmospheric emissions and attenuation of non-methane organic compounds in cover soils at a French landfill", Waste Manage., 28(10), 1892-1908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.010.
  31. Schlesinger, W.H. (1997), "Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus", Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 8, 51-81. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.000411.
  32. Singh, C.K., Kumar, A. and Roy, S.S. (2018), "Quantitative analysis of the methane gas emissions from municipal solid waste in India", Sci. Reports, 8, 2913. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21326-9.
  33. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Alley, R.B., Berntsen T., Bindoff, N.L., Chen, Z., Chidthaisong, A., Gregory, J.M., Hegeri, G.C., Heimann, M., Hewitson, B., Hoskins, B.J., Joos, F., Jouzel, J., Kattsov, V., Lohmann, U., Matsuno, T., Molina, M., Nicholls, N., Overpeck, J., Raga, G., Ramaswamy, V., Ren, J., Rusticucci, M., Somerville, R., Stocker, T.F., Whetton, P., Wood, R.A. and Wratt, D. (2007), Technical Summary, in The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. and New York, U.S.A.
  34. Talbot, S. and Card, G. (2019), "Continuous ground-gas monitoring and the lines of evidence approach to risk assessment", CL:AIRE Technical Bulletin TB18, CL:AIRE, London, U.K.
  35. US-EPA (1991), "Air emissions from municipal solid waste landfills-background information for proposed standards and guidelines", U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, U.S.A. EPA-450/3-90-011a (NTISPB91-197061).
  36. US-EPA (2009), "US Emission Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse gas emissions and sinks: 1990--007", Public Review Draft, March, 2009. USEPA #xxx-x-xx-xxx. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html.
  37. US-EPA (2017), "Overview of greenhouse gases", United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases.
  38. Wilson S., Collins F. and Phillips L. (2017), "Complete continuous monitoring in underfloor voids", CL:AIRE Technical Bulletin 16, CL:AIRE, London, U.K.
  39. Wilson, S., Card, G., Collins, F. and Lucas, J. (2018), "Ground gas monitoring and worst case conditions", CL:AIRE Technical Bulletin 17, CL:AIRE, London, U.K.
  40. Wilson, S., Oliver, S., Mallett, H., Hutchings, H. and Card, G. (2007), "Assessing risks posed by hazardous ground gases in buildings", CIRIA Report No. 665, CIRIA, London, U.K.
  41. Young, A. (1992), "The effects of fluctuations in atmospheric pressure on landfill gas migration and composition", Water Air Soil Pollut., 64, 601-616. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483369.