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The Progression of SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2): Mutation in the Receptor Binding Domain of Spike Gene

  • Sinae Kim (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Jong Ho Lee (Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Siyoung Lee (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Saerok Shim (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Tam T. Nguyen (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Jihyeong Hwang (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Heijun Kim (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Yeo-Ok Choi (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Jaewoo Hong (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Suyoung Bae (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hyunjhung Jhun (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hokee Yum (Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University) ;
  • Youngmin Lee (Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Collage of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Edward D. Chan (Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health) ;
  • Liping Yu (Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver) ;
  • Tania Azam (Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver) ;
  • Yong-Dae Kim (Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Su Cheong Yeom (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kwang Ha Yoo (Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lin-Woo Kang (Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kyeong-Cheol Shin (Center for Respiratory Disease, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Soohyun Kim (Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
  • Received : 2020.10.11
  • Accepted : 2020.10.15
  • Published : 2020.10.31
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Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The viral genome encodes twelve genes for viral replication and infection. The third open reading frame is the spike (S) gene that encodes for the spike glycoprotein interacting with specific cell surface receptor - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - on the host cell membrane. Most recent studies identified a single point mutation in S gene. A single point mutation in S gene leading to an amino acid substitution at codon 614 from an aspartic acid 614 into glycine (D614G) resulted in greater infectivity compared to the wild type SARS-CoV2. We were interested in investigating the mutation region of S gene of SARS-CoV2 from Korean COVID-19 patients. New mutation sites were found in the critical receptor binding domain (RBD) of S gene, which is adjacent to the aforementioned D614G mutation residue. This specific sequence data demonstrated the active progression of SARS-CoV2 by mutations in the RBD of S gene. The sequence information of new mutations is critical to the development of recombinant SARS-CoV2 spike antigens, which may be required to improve and advance the strategy against a wide range of possible SARS-CoV2 mutations.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by BK21 plus project fund and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015R1A2A2A01003472, NRF-2014M3A6A4075058, NRF2015R1A2A1A15051472). This paper was supported by Konkuk University in 2019. Siyoung Lee was supported by NRF-2019R1I1A1A01057699. Lin-Woo Kang was supported by Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ013284012020) from Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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