과제정보
This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (NRF-2017M3A9F6029753) and by a grant from Chungnam National University.
참고문헌
- Uyttenhove C, Simpson RJ, Van Snick J. Functional and structural characterization of P40, a mouse glycoprotein with T-cell growth factor activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:6934-6938. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.18.6934
- Renauld JC, Druez C, Kermouni A, Houssiau F, Uyttenhove C, Van Roost E, Van Snick J. Expression cloning of the murine and human interleukin 9 receptor cDNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:5690-5694. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.12.5690
- Noelle RJ, Nowak EC. Cellular sources and immune functions of interleukin-9. Nat Rev Immunol 2010;10:683-687. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2848
- Chakraborty S, Kubatzky KF, Mitra DK. An update on interleukin-9: from its cellular source and signal transduction to its role in immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:2113.
- Demoulin JB, Grasso L, Atkins JM, Stevens M, Louahed J, Levitt RC, Nicolaides NC, Renauld JC. Role of insulin receptor substrate-2 in interleukin-9-dependent proliferation. FEBS Lett 2000;482:200-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02059-7
- Demoulin JB, Louahed J, Dumoutier L, Stevens M, Renauld JC. MAP kinase activation by interleukin-9 in lymphoid and mast cell lines. Oncogene 2003;22:1763-1770. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206253
- Ciccia F, Guggino G, Rizzo A, Manzo A, Vitolo B, La Manna MP, Giardina G, Sireci G, Dieli F, Montecucco CM, et al. Potential involvement of IL-9 and Th9 cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015;54:2264-2272. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kev252
- Li H, Nourbakhsh B, Cullimore M, Zhang GX, Rostami A. IL-9 is important for T-cell activation and differentiation in autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system. Eur J Immunol 2011;41:2197-2206. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201041125
- Deng Y, Wang Z, Chang C, Lu L, Lau CS, Lu Q. Th9 cells and IL-9 in autoimmune disorders: pathogenesis and therapeutic potentials. Hum Immunol 2017;78:120-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2016.12.010
- Yoshimura S, Thome R, Konno S, Mari ER, Rasouli J, Hwang D, Boehm A, Li Y, Zhang GX, Ciric B, et al. IL-9 controls central nervous system autoimmunity by suppressing GM-CSF production. J Immunol 2020;204:531-539. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801113
- Elyaman W, Bassil R, Bradshaw EM, Orent W, Lahoud Y, Zhu B, Radtke F, Yagita H, Khoury SJ. Notch receptors and Smad3 signaling cooperate in the induction of interleukin-9-producing T cells. Immunity 2012;36:623-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.020
- Wan J, Huang L, Ji X, Yao S, Hamed Abdelaziz M, Cai W, Wang H, Cheng J, Dineshkumar K, Aparna V, et al. HMGB1-induced ILC2s activate dendritic cells by producing IL-9 in asthmatic mouse model. Cell Immunol 2020;352:104085.
- Verma M, Liu S, Michalec L, Sripada A, Gorska MM, Alam R. Experimental asthma persists in IL-33 receptor knockout mice because of the emergence of thymic stromal lymphopoietin-driven IL-9+ and IL-13+ type 2 innate lymphoid cell subpopulations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018;142:793-803.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.020
- Sun B, Zhu L, Tao Y, Sun HX, Li Y, Wang P, Hou Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, et al. Characterization and allergic role of IL-33-induced neutrophil polarization. Cell Mol Immunol 2018;15:782-793. https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2017.163
- Liu J, Harberts E, Tammaro A, Girardi N, Filler RB, Fishelevich R, Temann A, Licona-Limon P, Girardi M, Flavell RA, et al. IL-9 regulates allergen-specific Th1 responses in allergic contact dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2014;134:1903-1911. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.61
- Fawaz LM, Sharif-Askari E, Hajoui O, Soussi-Gounni A, Hamid Q, Mazer BD. Expression of IL-9 receptor α chain on human germinal center B cells modulates IgE secretion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120:1208-1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.08.022
- Townsend JM, Fallon GP, Matthews JD, Smith P, Jolin EH, McKenzie NA. IL-9-deficient mice establish fundamental roles for IL-9 in pulmonary mastocytosis and goblet cell hyperplasia but not T cell development. Immunity 2000;13:573-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00056-X
- Eller K, Wolf D, Huber JM, Metz M, Mayer G, McKenzie AN, Maurer M, Rosenkranz AR, Wolf AM. IL-9 production by regulatory T cells recruits mast cells that are essential for regulatory T cell-induced immune suppression. J Immunol 2011;186:83-91. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001183
- Lu LF, Lind EF, Gondek DC, Bennett KA, Gleeson MW, Pino-Lagos K, Scott ZA, Coyle AJ, Reed JL, Van Snick J, et al. Mast cells are essential intermediaries in regulatory T-cell tolerance. Nature 2006;442:997-1002. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05010
- Lee JE, Zhu Z, Bai Q, Brady TJ, Xiao H, Wakefield MR, Fang Y. The role of interleukin-9 in cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2020;26:2017-2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-019-00665-6
- Wan J, Wu Y, Ji X, Huang L, Cai W, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H. IL-9 and IL-9-producing cells in tumor immunity. Cell Commun Signal 2020;18:50.
- Veldhoen M, Uyttenhove C, van Snick J, Helmby H, Westendorf A, Buer J, Martin B, Wilhelm C, Stockinger B. Transforming growth factor-β 'reprograms' the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promotes an interleukin 9-producing subset. Nat Immunol 2008;9:1341-1346. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.1659
- Dardalhon V, Awasthi A, Kwon H, Galileos G, Gao W, Sobel RA, Mitsdoerffer M, Strom TB, Elyaman W, Ho IC, et al. IL-4 inhibits TGF-β-induced Foxp3+ T cells and, together with TGF-β, generates IL-9+ IL-10+ Foxp3- effector T cells. Nat Immunol 2008;9:1347-1355. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.1677
- Kaplan MH. The transcription factor network in Th9 cells. Semin Immunopathol 2017;39:11-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-016-0600-2
- Zhou Y, Sonobe Y, Akahori T, Jin S, Kawanokuchi J, Noda M, Iwakura Y, Mizuno T, Suzumura A. IL-9 promotes Th17 cell migration into the central nervous system via CC chemokine ligand-20 produced by astrocytes. J Immunol 2011;186:4415-4421. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1003307
- Koh B, Hufford MM, Pham D, Olson MR, Wu T, Jabeen R, Sun X, Kaplan MH. The ETS family transcription factors ETV5 and PU.1 function in parallel to promote Th9 cell development. J Immunol 2016;197:2465-2472. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1502383
- You FP, Zhang J, Cui T, Zhu R, Lv CQ, Tang HT, Sun DW. Th9 cells promote antitumor immunity via IL-9 and IL-21 and demonstrate atypical cytokine expression in breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2017;52:163-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.031
- Ulrich BJ, Verdan FF, McKenzie AN, Kaplan MH, Olson MR. STAT3 activation impairs the stability of Th9 cells. J Immunol 2017;198:2302-2309. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1601624
- Rampal R, Awasthi A, Ahuja V. Retinoic acid-primed human dendritic cells inhibit Th9 cells and induce Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. J Leukoc Biol 2016;100:111-120. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.3VMA1015-476R
- Murugaiyan G, Beynon V, Pires Da Cunha A, Joller N, Weiner HL. IFN-γ limits Th9-mediated autoimmune inflammation through dendritic cell modulation of IL-27. J Immunol 2012;189:5277-5283. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1200808
- Xue G, Jin G, Fang J, Lu Y. IL-4 together with IL-1β induces antitumor Th9 cell differentiation in the absence of TGF-β signaling. Nat Commun 2019;10:1376.
- Kim IK, Kim BS, Koh CH, Seok JW, Park JS, Shin KS, Bae EA, Lee GE, Jeon H, Cho J, et al. Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein co-stimulation facilitates tumor regression by inducing IL-9-producing helper T cells. Nat Med 2015;21:1010-1017. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3922
- Moretti S, Renga G, Oikonomou V, Galosi C, Pariano M, Iannitti RG, Borghi M, Puccetti M, De Zuani M, Pucillo CE, et al. A mast cell-ILC2-Th9 pathway promotes lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Nat Commun 2017;8:14017.
- Tesmer LA, Lundy SK, Sarkar S, Fox DA. Th17 cells in human disease. Immunol Rev 2008;223:87-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00628.x
- Beriou G, Bradshaw EM, Lozano E, Costantino CM, Hastings WD, Orban T, Elyaman W, Khoury SJ, Kuchroo VK, Baecher-Allan C, et al. TGF-β induces IL-9 production from human Th17 cells. J Immunol 2010;185:46-54. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1000356
- Elyaman W, Bradshaw EM, Uyttenhove C, Dardalhon V, Awasthi A, Imitola J, Bettelli E, Oukka M, van Snick J, Renauld JC, et al. IL-9 induces differentiation of TH17 cells and enhances function of FoxP3+ natural regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:12885-12890. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812530106
- Nowak EC, Noelle RJ. Interleukin-9 as a T helper type 17 cytokine. Immunology 2010;131:169-173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03332.x
- Thomas LS, Targan SR, Tsuda M, Yu QT, Salumbides BC, Haritunians T, Mengesha E, McGovern DP, Michelsen KS. The TNF family member TL1A induces IL-22 secretion in committed human Th17 cells via IL-9 induction. J Leukoc Biol 2017;101:727-737. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.3A0316-129R
- Cosmi L, Maggi L, Santarlasci V, Capone M, Cardilicchia E, Frosali F, Querci V, Angeli R, Matucci A, Fambrini M, et al. Identification of a novel subset of human circulating memory CD4+ T cells that produce both IL-17A and IL-4. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125:222-230.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.012
- Singh TP, Schon MP, Wallbrecht K, Gruber-Wackernagel A, Wang XJ, Wolf P. Involvement of IL-9 in Th17- associated inflammation and angiogenesis of psoriasis. PLoS One 2013;8:e51752.
- Kebir H, Kreymborg K, Ifergan I, Dodelet-Devillers A, Cayrol R, Bernard M, Giuliani F, Arbour N, Becher B, Prat A. Human TH17 lymphocytes promote blood-brain barrier disruption and central nervous system inflammation. Nat Med 2007;13:1173-1175. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1651
- Nowak EC, Weaver CT, Turner H, Begum-Haque S, Becher B, Schreiner B, Coyle AJ, Kasper LH, Noelle RJ. IL-9 as a mediator of Th17-driven inflammatory disease. J Exp Med 2009;206:1653-1660. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090246
- Do Thi VA, Park SM, Lee H, Kim YS. Ectopically expressed membrane-bound form of IL-9 exerts immune-stimulatory effect on CT26 colon carcinoma cells. Immune Netw 2018;18:e12.
- Purwar R, Schlapbach C, Xiao S, Kang HS, Elyaman W, Jiang X, Jetten AM, Khoury SJ, Fuhlbrigge RC, Kuchroo VK, et al. Robust tumor immunity to melanoma mediated by interleukin-9-producing T cells. Nat Med 2012;18:1248-1253. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2856
- Adeegbe DO, Nishikawa H. Natural and induced T regulatory cells in cancer. Front Immunol 2013;4:190.
- Whiteside TL, Schuler P, Schilling B. Induced and natural regulatory T cells in human cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012;12:1383-1397. https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2012.707184
- Feng LL, Gao JM, Li PP, Wang X. IL-9 contributes to immunosuppression mediated by regulatory T cells and mast cells in B-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Immunol 2011;31:1084-1094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-011-9584-9
- Smith SE, Hoelzinger DB, Dominguez AL, Van Snick J, Lustgarten J. Signals through 4-1BB inhibit T regulatory cells by blocking IL-9 production enhancing antitumor responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011;60:1775-1787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-011-1075-6
- Yao Z, Kanno Y, Kerenyi M, Stephens G, Durant L, Watford WT, Laurence A, Robinson GW, Shevach EM, Moriggl R, et al. Nonredundant roles for Stat5a/b in directly regulating Foxp3. Blood 2007;109:4368-4375. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-11-055756
- Laurence A, Tato CM, Davidson TS, Kanno Y, Chen Z, Yao Z, Blank RB, Meylan F, Siegel R, Hennighausen L, et al. Interleukin-2 signaling via STAT5 constrains T helper 17 cell generation. Immunity 2007;26:371-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2007.02.009
- Jacobson NG, Szabo SJ, Weber-Nordt RM, Zhong Z, Schreiber RD, Darnell JE Jr, Murphy KM. Interleukin 12 signaling in T helper type 1 (Th1) cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and Stat4. J Exp Med 1995;181:1755-1762. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.181.5.1755
- Wu B, Huang C, Kato-Maeda M, Hopewell PC, Daley CL, Krensky AM, Clayberger C. IL-9 is associated with an impaired Th1 immune response in patients with tuberculosis. Clin Immunol 2008;126:202-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2007.09.009
- Lu Y, Hong B, Li H, Zheng Y, Zhang M, Wang S, Qian J, Yi Q. Tumor-specific IL-9-producing CD8+ Tc9 cells are superior effector than type-I cytotoxic Tc1 cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014;111:2265-2270. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317431111
- Visekruna A, Ritter J, Scholz T, Campos L, Guralnik A, Poncette L, Raifer H, Hagner S, Garn H, Staudt V, et al. Tc9 cells, a new subset of CD8(+) T cells, support Th2-mediated airway inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2013;43:606-618. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201242825
- Liu N, Jiang Y, Chen J, Nan H, Zhao Y, Chu X, Wang A, Wang D, Qin T, Gao S, et al. IL-33 drives the antitumor effects of dendritic cells via the induction of Tc9 cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019;16:644-651. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-018-0166-0
- Chang SY, Song JH, Guleng B, Cotoner CA, Arihiro S, Zhao Y, Chiang HS, O'Keeffe M, Liao G, Karp CL, et al. Circulatory antigen processing by mucosal dendritic cells controls CD8(+) T cell activation. Immunity 2013;38:153-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.09.018
- Ding P, Zhu R, Cai B, Zhang J, Bu Q, Sun DW. IL-9-producing CD8+ T cells represent a distinctive subset with different transcriptional characteristics from conventional CD8+ T cells, and partially infiltrate breast tumors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019;115:105576.
- Ma X, Bi E, Huang C, Lu Y, Xue G, Guo X, Wang A, Yang M, Qian J, Dong C, et al. Cholesterol negatively regulates IL-9-producing CD8+ T cell differentiation and antitumor activity. J Exp Med 2018;215:1555-1569. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171576
- Wang C, Lu Y, Chen L, Gao T, Yang Q, Zhu C, Chen Y. Th9 cells are subjected to PD-1/PD-L1-mediated inhibition and are capable of promoting CD8 T cell expansion through IL-9R in colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020;78:106019.
- Nonomura Y, Otsuka A, Nakashima C, Seidel JA, Kitoh A, Dainichi T, Nakajima S, Sawada Y, Matsushita S, Aoki M, et al. Peripheral blood Th9 cells are a possible pharmacodynamic biomarker of nivolumab treatment efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. OncoImmunology 2016;5:e1248327.
- Wang Y, Shi J, Yan J, Xiao Z, Hou X, Lu P, Hou S, Mao T, Liu W, Ma Y, et al. Germinal-center development of memory B cells driven by IL-9 from follicular helper T cells. Nat Immunol 2017;18:921-930. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3788
- Takatsuka S, Yamada H, Haniuda K, Saruwatari H, Ichihashi M, Renauld JC, Kitamura D. IL-9 receptor signaling in memory B cells regulates humoral recall responses. Nat Immunol 2018;19:1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-018-0177-0
- Lv X, Feng L, Ge X, Lu K, Wang X. Interleukin-9 promotes cell survival and drug resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016;35:106.
- Vink A, Warnier G, Brombacher F, Renauld JC. Interleukin 9-induced in vivo expansion of the B-1 lymphocyte population. J Exp Med 1999;189:1413-1423. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.189.9.1413
- Chen J, Zhao Y, Chu X, Lu Y, Wang S, Yi Q. Dectin-1-activated dendritic cells: a potent Th9 cell inducer for tumor immunotherapy. OncoImmunology 2016;5:e1238558.
- Chen J, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Gao S, Wang Y, Wang D, Wang A, Yi H, Gu R, Yi Q, et al. Interleukin-33 contributes to the induction of Th9 cells and antitumor efficacy by dectin-1-activated dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2018;9:1787.
- Zhao Y, Chu X, Chen J, Wang Y, Gao S, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Tan G, Zhao W, Yi H, et al. Dectin-1-activated dendritic cells trigger potent antitumour immunity through the induction of Th9 cells. Nat Commun 2016;7:12368.
- Donninelli G, Saraf-Sinik I, Mazziotti V, Capone A, Grasso MG, Battistini L, Reynolds R, Magliozzi R, Volpe E. Interleukin-9 regulates macrophage activation in the progressive multiple sclerosis brain. J Neuroinflammation 2020;17:149.
- Park J, Li H, Zhang M, Lu Y, Hong B, Zheng Y, He J, Yang J, Qian J, Yi Q. Murine Th9 cells promote the survival of myeloid dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014;63:835-845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-014-1557-4
- Leech MD, Grencis RK. Induction of enhanced immunity to intestinal nematodes using IL-9-producing dendritic cells. J Immunol 2006;176:2505-2511. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.4.2505
- Spits H, Cupedo T. Innate lymphoid cells: emerging insights in development, lineage relationships, and function. Annu Rev Immunol 2012;30:647-675. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075053
- Vivier E, Artis D, Colonna M, Diefenbach A, Di Santo JP, Eberl G, Koyasu S, Locksley RM, McKenzie AN, Mebius RE, et al. Innate lymphoid cells: 10 years on. Cell 2018;174:1054-1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.017
- Wilhelm C, Hirota K, Stieglitz B, Van Snick J, Tolaini M, Lahl K, Sparwasser T, Helmby H, Stockinger B. An IL-9 fate reporter demonstrates the induction of an innate IL-9 response in lung inflammation. Nat Immunol 2011;12:1071-1077. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2133
- Mohapatra A, Van Dyken SJ, Schneider C, Nussbaum JC, Liang HE, Locksley RM. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells utilize the IRF4-IL-9 module to coordinate epithelial cell maintenance of lung homeostasis. Mucosal Immunol 2016;9:275-286. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2015.59
- Turner JE, Morrison PJ, Wilhelm C, Wilson M, Ahlfors H, Renauld JC, Panzer U, Helmby H, Stockinger B. IL-9-mediated survival of type 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes damage control in helminth-induced lung inflammation. J Exp Med 2013;210:2951-2965. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20130071
- Price AE, Liang HE, Sullivan BM, Reinhardt RL, Eisley CJ, Erle DJ, Locksley RM. Systemically dispersed innate IL-13-expressing cells in type 2 immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:11489-11494. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1003988107
- Hoyler T, Klose CS, Souabni A, Turqueti-Neves A, Pfeifer D, Rawlins EL, Voehringer D, Busslinger M, Diefenbach A. The transcription factor GATA-3 controls cell fate and maintenance of type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Immunity 2012;37:634-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.06.020
- Roediger B, Kyle R, Tay SS, Mitchell AJ, Bolton HA, Guy TV, Tan SY, Forbes-Blom E, Tong PL, Koller Y, et al. IL-2 is a critical regulator of group 2 innate lymphoid cell function during pulmonary inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;136:1653-1663.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.043
- Stassen M, Arnold M, Hultner L, Muller C, Neudorfl C, Reineke T, Schmitt E. Murine bone marrow-derived mast cells as potent producers of IL-9: costimulatory function of IL-10 and kit ligand in the presence of IL-1. J Immunol 2000;164:5549-5555. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5549
- Koh B, Abdul Qayum A, Srivastava R, Fu Y, Ulrich BJ, Janga SC, Kaplan MH. A conserved enhancer regulates Il9 expression in multiple lineages. Nat Commun 2018;9:4803.
- Hultner L, Kolsch S, Stassen M, Kaspers U, Kremer JP, Mailhammer R, Moeller J, Broszeit H, Schmitt E. In activated mast cells, IL-1 up-regulates the production of several Th2-related cytokines including IL-9. J Immunol 2000;164:5556-5563. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5556
- Abdul Qayum A, Koh B, Martin RK, Kenworthy BT, Kharwadkar R, Fu Y, Wu W, Conrad DH, Kaplan MH. The IL9 CNS-25 regulatory element controls mast cell and basophil IL-9 production. J Immunol 2019;203:1111-1121. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1900272
- Reitz M, Hartmann W, Rudiger N, Orinska Z, Brunn ML, Breloer M. Interleukin-9 promotes early mast cell-mediated expulsion of Strongyloides ratti but is dispensable for generation of protective memory. Sci Rep 2018;8:8636.
- Jones TG, Hallgren J, Humbles A, Burwell T, Finkelman FD, Alcaide P, Austen KF, Gurish MF. Antigen-induced increases in pulmonary mast cell progenitor numbers depend on IL-9 and CD1d-restricted NKT cells. J Immunol 2009;183:5251-5260. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0901471
- Chen CY, Lee JB, Liu B, Ohta S, Wang PY, Kartashov AV, Mugge L, Abonia JP, Barski A, Izuhara K, et al. Induction of interleukin-9-producing mucosal mast cells promotes susceptibility to IgE-mediated experimental food allergy. Immunity 2015;43:788-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.020
- Yin JJ, Hu XQ, Mao ZF, Bao J, Qiu W, Lu ZQ, Wu HT, Zhong XN. Neutralization of interleukin-9 decreasing mast cells infiltration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017;130:964-971. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.204110
- Wiener Z, Falus A, Toth S. IL-9 increases the expression of several cytokines in activated mast cells, while the IL-9-induced IL-9 production is inhibited in mast cells of histamine-free transgenic mice. Cytokine 2004;26:122-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2004.01.006
- Renga G, Moretti S, Oikonomou V, Borghi M, Zelante T, Paolicelli G, Costantini C, De Zuani M, Villella VR, Raia V, et al. IL-9 and mast cells are key players of candida albicans commensalism and pathogenesis in the gut. Cell Reports 2018;23:1767-1778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.034
- Tete S, Saggini A, Maccauro G, Rosati M, Conti F, Cianchetti E, Tripodi D, Toniato E, Fulcheri M, Salini V, et al. Interleukin-9 and mast cells. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2012;26:319-326.
- Lee JB. Regulation of IgE-mediated food allergy by IL-9 producing mucosal mast cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Immune Netw 2016;16:211-218. https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2016.16.4.211
- Godfraind C, Louahed J, Faulkner H, Vink A, Warnier G, Grencis R, Renauld JC. Intraepithelial infiltration by mast cells with both connective tissue-type and mucosal-type characteristics in gut, trachea, and kidneys of IL-9 transgenic mice. J Immunol 1998;160:3989-3996. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.8.3989
- Monteiro M, Agua-Doce A, Almeida CF, Fonseca-Pereira D, Veiga-Fernandes H, Graca L. IL-9 expression by invariant NKT cells is not imprinted during thymic development. J Immunol 2015;195:3463-3471. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1403170
- Nagato T, Kobayashi H, Kishibe K, Takahara M, Ogino T, Ishii H, Oikawa K, Aoki N, Sato K, Kimura S, et al. Expression of interleukin-9 in nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma cell lines and patients. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:8250-8257. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1426
- Peters C, Hasler R, Wesch D, Kabelitz D. Human Vδ2 T cells are a major source of interleukin-9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016;113:12520-12525. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607136113
- Guggino G, Ciccia F, Di Liberto D, Lo Pizzo M, Ruscitti P, Cipriani P, Ferrante A, Sireci G, Dieli F, Fournie JJ, et al. Interleukin (IL)-9/IL-9R axis drives γδ T cells activation in psoriatic arthritis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2016;186:277-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.12853
- Gounni AS, Nutku E, Koussih L, Aris F, Louahed J, Levitt RC, Nicolaides NC, Hamid Q. IL-9 expression by human eosinophils: regulation by IL-1β and TNF-α. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:460-466. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2000.109172
- Park SM, Do-Thi VA, Lee JO, Lee H, Kim YS. Interleukin-9 inhibits lung metastasis of melanoma through stimulating anti-tumor M1 macrophages. Mol Cells 2020;43:479-490.
- Ross SH, Cantrell DA. Signaling and function of interleukin-2 in T lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 2018;36:411-433. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053352
- Bachmann MF, Oxenius A. Interleukin 2: from immunostimulation to immunoregulation and back again. EMBO Rep 2007;8:1142-1148. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7401099