DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of infill walls on modal expansion of distribution of effective earthquake forces in RC frame structures

  • Ucar, Taner (Department of Architecture, Dokuz Eylul University)
  • 투고 : 2019.06.19
  • 심사 : 2020.02.26
  • 발행 : 2020.04.25

초록

It is quite apparent that engineering concerns related to the influence of masonry infills on seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is likely to remain relevant in the long term, as infill walls maintain their functionalities in construction practice. Within this framework, the present paper mainly deals with the issue in terms of modal expansion of effective earthquake forces and the resultant modal responses. An adequate determination of spatial distribution of effective earthquake forces over the height of the building is highly essential for both seismic analysis and design. The possible influence of infill walls is investigated by means of modal analyses of two-, three-, and four-bay RC frames with a number of stories ranging from 3 to 8. Both uniformly and non-uniformly infilled frames are considered in numerical analyses, where infill walls are simulated by adopting the model of equivalent compression strut. Consequently, spatial distribution of effective earthquake forces, modal static base shear force response of frames, modal responses of story shears from external excitation vector and lateral floor displacements are obtained. It is found that, infill walls and their arrangement over the height of the frame structure affect the spatial distribution of modal inertia forces, as well as the considered response quantities. Moreover, the amount of influence varies in stories, but is not very dependent to bay number of frames.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Akhoundi, F., Vasconcelos, G., Lourenco, P., Palha, C. and Silva, L. (2015), "In-plane and out-of plane experimental characterization of RC masonry infilled frames", Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mechanics and Materials in Design, P. Delgada, Portugal, July.
  2. Asteris, P.G. (2008), "Finite element micro-modeling of infilled frames", Electron. J. Struct. Eng., 8, 1-11.
  3. Asteris, P.G., Cavaleri, L., Di Trapani, F. and Tsaris, A.K. (2017), "Numerical modelling of out-of-plane response of infilled frames: State of the art and future challenges for the equivalent strut macromodels", Eng. Struct., 132, 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.10.012.
  4. ASCE/SEI 41-06 (2007), Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers; Reston, Virginia, United States.
  5. ASCE/SEI 41-13 (2014), Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers; Reston, Virginia, United States.
  6. Blasi, G., De Luca, F. and Aiello, M.A. (2018), "Brittle failure in RC masonry infilled frames: The role of infill overstrength", Eng. Struct., 177, 506-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.079.
  7. Campione, G., Cavaleri, L., Macaluso, G., Amato, G. and Di Trapani, F. (2015), "Evaluation of infilled frames: an updated in-plane-stiffness macro-model considering the effects of vertical loads", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 13(8), 2265-2281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9714-x.
  8. Canbay, E., Ersoy, U. and Ozcebe, G. (2003), "Contribution of reinforced concrete infills to seismic behavior of structural systems", ACI Struct. J., 100(5), 637-643.
  9. Cavaleri, L. and Di Trapani, F. (2014), "Cyclic response of masonry infilled RC frames: Experimental results and simplified modeling", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 66, 224-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.06.016.
  10. Cavaleri, L. and Di Trapani, F. (2015), "Prediction of the additional shear action on frame members due to infills", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 13(5), 1425-1454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9668-z.
  11. Celarec, D. and Dolsek, M. (2013), "Practice-oriented probabilistic seismic performance assessment of infilled frames with consideration of shear failure of columns", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(9), 1339-1360. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2275.
  12. Celarec, D., Ricci, P. and Dolsek, M. (2012), "The sensitivity of seismic response parameters to the uncertain modelling variables of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames", Eng. Struct., 35, 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.11.007.
  13. Chopra, A.K. (2012), Dynamics of Structures, Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, U.S.A.
  14. Chrysostomou, C.Z. and Asteris, P.G. (2012), "On the in-plane properties and capacities of infilled frames", Eng. Struct., 33, 385-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.03.057.
  15. Decanini, L., Mollaioli, F., Mura, A. and Saragoni, R. (2004), "Seismic performance of masonry infilled R/C frames", 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 165, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August.
  16. De Domenico, D., Falsone, G. and Laudani, R. (2018), "In-plane response of masonry infilled RC framed structures: A probabilistic macromodeling approach", Struct. Eng. Mech., 68(4), 423-442. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.68.4.423.
  17. De Risi, M.T., Del Gaudio, C., Ricci, P. and Verderame, G.M. (2017), "Simplified numerical modelling for hollow clay-masonry infills in RC frames under in-plane seismic loads", XVII ANIDIS Conference, Pistoia, Italy, September.
  18. Dolsek, M. and Fajfar, P. (2008), "The effect of masonry infills on the seismic response of a four-storey reinforced concrete frame - a deterministic assessment", Eng. Struct., 30(7), 1991-2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.01.001.
  19. EC8 (2004), Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance-part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization; Brussels, Belgium.
  20. Emamia, S.M.M. and Mohammadi, M. (2016), "Influence of vertical load on in-plane behavior of masonry infilled steel frames", Earthq. Struct., 11(4), 609-627. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.4.609.
  21. Favvata, M.J., Naoum, M.C. and Karayannis, C.G. (2013), "Limit states of RC structures with first floor irregularities", Struct. Eng. Mech., 47(6), 791-818. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.47.6.791.
  22. FEMA 356 (2000), Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency; Washington, D.C.
  23. Fenerci, A., Binici, B., Ezzatfar, P., Canbay, E. and Ozcebe, G. (2016), "The effect of infill walls on the seismic behavior of boundary columns in RC frames", Earthq. Struct., 10(3), 539-562. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.3.539.
  24. Fiore, A., Netti, A. and Monaco, P. (2012), "The influence of masonry infill on the seismic behaviour of RC frame buildings", Eng. Struct., 44, 133-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.05.023.
  25. Furtado, A., Rodrigues, H. and Arede, A. (2015), "Modelling of masonry infill walls participation in the seismic behaviour of RC buildings using OpenSees", Int. J. Adv. Struct. Eng. (IJASE), 7(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40091-015-0086-5.
  26. Furtado, A., Rodrigues, H., Arede, A. and Varum, H. (2016), "Simplified macro-model for infill masonry walls considering the out-of-plane behavior", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 45(4), 507-524. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2663.
  27. Furtado, A., Rodrigues, H., Arede, A., Varum, H., Grubisic, M. and Sipos, T.K. (2018), "Prediction of the earthquake response of a three-storey infilled RC structure", Eng. Struct., 171, 214-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.054.
  28. Hak, S., Morandi, P., Magenes, G. and Sullivan, T.J. (2012), "Damage control for clay masonry infills in the design of RC frame structures", J. Earthq. Eng., 16(sup1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2012.670575.
  29. Haldar, P., Singh, Y. and Paul, D.K. (2013), "Identification of seismic failure modes of URM infilled RC frame buildings", Eng. Fail. Anal., 33, 97-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.04.017.
  30. Jiang, H., Liu, X. and Mao, J. (2015), "Full-scale experimental study on masonry infilled RC moment-resisting frames under cyclic loads", Eng. Struct., 91, 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.02.008.
  31. Kakaletsis, D.J., David, K.N. and Karayannis, C.G. (2011), "Effectiveness of some conventional seismic retrofitting techniques for bare and infilled R/C frames", Struct. Eng. Mech., 39(4), 499-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.39.4.499.
  32. Karayannis, C.G., Favvata, M.J. and Kakaletsis, D.J. (2011), "Seismic behaviour of infilled and pilotis RC frame structures with beam-column joint degradation effect", Eng. Struct., 33(10), 2821-2831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.06.006.
  33. Kurt, E.G., Binici, B., Kurc, O., Canbay, E., Akpinar and Ozcebe, G. (2011), "Seismic performance of a deficient reinforced concrete test frame with infill walls", Earthq. Spectra, 27(3), 817-834. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3609876.
  34. Lima, C., De Stefano, G. and Martinelli, E. (2014), "Seismic response of masonry infilled RC frames: practice-oriented models and open issues", Earthq. Struct., 6(4), 409-436. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.6.4.409.
  35. Lu, Y. (2002), "Comparative study of seismic behavior of multistory reinforced concrete framed structures", J. Struct. Eng., 128(2), 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:2(169).
  36. Lucchini, A., Mollaioli, F. and Bazzurro, P. (2014), "Floor response spectra for bare and infilled reinforced concrete frames", J. Earthq. Eng., 18(7), 1060-1082. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2014.916633.
  37. Manfredi, G., Ricci, P. and Verderame, G.M. (2012), "Influence of infill panels and their distribution on seismic behavior of existing reinforced concrete buildings", Open Constr. Build. Technol. J., 6, 236-253. http://doi.org/10.2174/1874836801206010236.
  38. Manfredi, V. and Masi, A. (2014), "Combining in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of masonry infills in the seismic analysis of RC buildings", Earthq. Struct., 6(5), 515-537. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.6.5.515.
  39. Manos, G.C., Soulis, V.J. and Thauampteh, J. (2012), "The behavior of masonry assemblages and masonry-infilled R/C frames subjected to combined vertical and cyclic horizontal seismic-type loading", Adv. Eng. Softw., 45(1), 213-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.10.017.
  40. Mazza, F. (2015), "Comparative study of the seismic response of RC framed buildings retrofitted using modern techniques", Earthq. Struct., 9(1), 29-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.1.029.
  41. Morandi, P., Hak, S. and Magenes, G. (2014), "In-plane experimental response of strong masonry infills", 9th International Masonry Conference, Guimaraes, Portugal, July.
  42. Muthukumar, S., Satyanarayanan, K.S. and Senthil, K. (2017), "Studies on two bay and three storey infilled frame with different interface materials: Experimental and finite element studies", Struct. Eng. Mech., 64(5), 543-555. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.64.5.543.
  43. Onat, O., Correia, A.A., Lourenco, P.B. and Kocak, A. (2018), "Assessment of the combined in-plane and out-of-plane behavior of brick infill walls within reinforced concrete frames under seismic loading", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 47(14), 2821-2839. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3111.
  44. Redmond, L., Ezzatfar, P., DesRoches, R., Stavridis, A., Ozcebe, G. and Kurc, O. (2016), "Finite element modeling of a reinforced concrete frame with masonry infill and mesh reinforced mortar subjected to earthquake loading", Earthq. Spectra, 32(1), 393-414. https://doi.org/10.1193/081314EQS128M.
  45. Repapis, C. and Zeris, C.A. (2019), "Seismic assessment of non-conforming infilled RC buildings using IDA procedures", Front. Built Environ., 4(88), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2018.00088.
  46. Ricci, P., Verderame, G.M. and Manfredi, G. (2011), "Analytical investigation of elastic period of infilled RC MRF buildings", Eng. Struct., 33(2), 308-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.10.009.
  47. Rodrigues, H., Varum, H. and Costa, A. (2010), "Simplified macro-model for infill masonry panels", J. Earthq. Eng., 14(3), 390-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460903086044.
  48. SAP2000 Ultimate. (2018), Integrated Solution for Structural Analysis and Design, Version 20.2.0, Computers and Structures Inc. (CSI), Berkeley, California, USA.
  49. Sassun, K., Sullivan, T.J., Morandi, P. and Cardone, D. (2016), "Characterising the in-plane seismic performance of infill masonry", Bull. N.Z. Soc. Earthq. Eng., 49(1), 100-117.
  50. Sipos, T.K., Sigmund, V. and Hadzima-Nyarko, M. (2013), "Earthquake performance of infilled frames using neural networks and experimental database", Eng. Struct., 51, 113-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.12.038.
  51. Siposa, T.K., Rodrigues, H. and Grubisica, M. (2018), "Simple design of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames for earthquake resistance", Eng. Struct., 171, 961-981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.02.072.
  52. Stavridis, A. and Shing, P. B. (2010), "Finite-element modeling of nonlinear behavior of masonry-infilled RC frames", J. Struct. Eng., 136(3), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.116.
  53. Su, R.K.L., Chandler, A.M., Sheikh, M.N. and Lam, N.T.K. (2005), "Influence of non-structural components on lateral stiffness of tall buildings", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 14(2). 143-164. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.266.
  54. Tabeshpour, M.R. and Arasteh, A.M. (2019), "A new method for infill equivalent strut width", Struct. Eng. Mech., 69(3), 257-268. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.69.3.257.
  55. TSDC (2018). Turkish seismic design code, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement; Ankara, Turkey.
  56. Tu, Y.H., Chuang, T.H., Liu, P.M. and Yang, Y.S. (2010), "Out-of-plane shaking table tests on unreinforced masonry panels in RC frames". Eng. Struct., 32(12), 3925-3935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.08.030.
  57. Uva, G., Porco, F. and Fiore, A. (2012), "Appraisal of masonry infill walls effect in the seismic response of RC framed buildings: A case study", Eng. Struct., 34, 514-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.08.043.
  58. Uva, G., Raffaele, D., Porco, F. and Fiore, A. (2012), "On the role of equivalent strut models in the seismic assessment of infilled RC buildings", Eng. Struct., 42, 83-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.04.005.
  59. Varela-Rivera, J.L., Navarrete-Macias, D., Fernandez-Baqueiro, L.E. and Moreno, E.I. (2011), "Out-of-plane behaviour of confined masonry walls", Eng. Struct., 33(5), 1734-1741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.02.012.
  60. Yekrangnia, M. and Mohammadi, M. (2017), "A new strut model for solid masonry infills in steel frames", Eng. Struct., 135, 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.10.048.
  61. Zhai, C., Kong, J., Wang, X. and Chen, Z.Q. (2016), "Experimental and finite element analytical investigation of seismic behavior of full-scale masonry infilled RC frames", J. Earthq. Eng., 20(7), 1171-1198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1138171.
  62. Zhang, H., Kuang, J.S. and Yuen, T.Y.P. (2017), "Low-seismic damage strategies for infilled RC frames: shake-table tests", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 46(4), 2419-2438. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2911.

피인용 문헌

  1. Parametric nonlinear static analysis of a RC structure with TLCW exposed to bidirectional earthquake load by using different modelling methodologies vol.44, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103395