Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
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Evaluation of Nutritional Status among Primary School Children in Uganda: Comparison of Urban and Rural Areas

우간다 초등학생의 영양섭취 실태조사: 도심지역과 농촌지역의 비교

  • Lee, Ji-Yeon (Graduate School of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Park, Hye-Jung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Yu, Min (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Hwang, Ha-Yeong (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Sung, Jung-Rim (Seoul Gangil Elementary) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Seon (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 이지연 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과 일반대학원) ;
  • 박혜정 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 유민 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 황하영 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 성정림 (서울 강일초등학교) ;
  • 김희선 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2020.01.10
  • Accepted : 2020.03.24
  • Published : 2020.04.30
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Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate dietary intakes and nutritional status among Uganda primary school children from two selected schools in urban and rural areas. Methods: Data were collected from 350 pupils (6-14 years) in Mpigi district, Uganda. All participants were offered a school lunch meal (usually maize porridge and boiled beans). Dietary survey was conducted in October 2016. Data for dietary intake levels were collected by the 24-hour recall method with trained school staffs. The data were converted into nutrient intakes using the CAN-Pro 5.0 Program and compared with KDRIs to evaluate the nutritional status of the subjects. Diet quality indexes such as nutrient density, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and index of nutritional quality (INQ) and a diet diversity index such as diet diversity score (DDS) were calculated to evaluate nutritional status among subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical programs. Results: Results show that the intakes of most nutrients were significantly different by schools. The nutritional status of micro-nutrients was very low in both schools according to analysis of nutritional indexes such as NARs and INQs. Students from both schools should improve intakes of micro-nutrients related to child growth such as calcium, Vitamin B6, zinc and folate. According to the analysis of dietary diversity, there was difference in dietary patterns by schools presumably due to their locations. Conclusions: This suggests that current meals could not provide adequate nutrients for the subjects and urgent nutrition interventions for school food services are needed to improve their nutritional well-being. New foods supplements based on local cuisine are also needed to ensure dietary diversity and sustainable development plans.

연구에 참여한 우간다 초등학교 2곳 학생들이 평소 식사섭취패턴을 유지한다면 향후 학생들의 영양불량이 염려되므로 빠른 시일 내 효과적인 영양중재프로그램이 실시될 필요가 있다. 우간다 자국민의 미량영양소 섭취결핍 문제는 본 연구 대상들에게서도 심각성이 확인되어 성장기에 바람직한 건강과 영양 상태를 유지하기 위해 비타민과 무기질 섭취 및 식사다양성을 향상시킬 수 있는 영양 강화 급식이 제공될 필요가 있다. 지역별 대상자들의 식사섭취패턴의 차이는 시장 접근성, 우간다 기후에 따른 재배가능 농작물과 자급률 등 환경적 요소와 사회경제학적 요인으로 인해 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으므로 본 사업 전 예비조사를 통해 마을공동체의 토속적 식생활패턴과 영양상태 문제점 등을 파악하는 것이 효과적인 중재계획을 설정하는데 도움이 되리라 사료된다. 이와 함께 지역별 인프라 및 식품 유통망의 특징 및 지역농작물의 자급수준도 면밀히 조사가 시행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 마지막으로 국제개발원조사업의 지속가능성을 고려하여 급식중재 메뉴에 다양한 현지 식품과 지역농작물을 적극적으로 활용하는 등 '선 순환적 네트워크'를 구축하도록 다양한 방법을 적용해야할 것으로 사료된다. 이를 통해 여전히 국제원 조사업의 수혜자적 측면에서 소외계층이라 사료되는 초등학교 학생들에게 효과적인 급식개선 중재사업은 인도주의적 차원의 서비스로도 적용되어 학생의 출석률 및 진학률을 높이고 중퇴율과 퇴학률 개선에 긍정적인 효과를 주어 우간다 초등교육 여건 향상에 기여하리라 사료된다.

Keywords

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