DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors associated with the attitude of South Korean adults toward food aid to North Korea

남한 성인의 대북식량지원에 대한 태도 관련 요인

  • Nam, Youngmin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yoon, Jihyun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2020.01.13
  • Accepted : 2020.03.16
  • Published : 2020.04.30

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the attitude of South Korean adults toward food aid to North Korea and factors associated with it. Methods: An online survey involving 1,000 adults aged 19-69 years was conducted between September-October 2019. Throughout South Korea, the subjects were proportionally distributed with respect to gender, age, and region, to represent South Korean adults. Results: A total of 44.6% of the respondents agreed (Agreement group), 36.7% disagreed (Disagreement group), and 18.7% neither agreed nor disagreed to food aid to North Korea. Compared to the Disagreement group, the Agreement group had a higher concern of food aid to North Korea and a more positive perception on the effect of it. The Agreement group selected "direct assistance from the government" whereas the Disagreement group chose "support through international organizations" as the most appropriate channel for food aid to North Korea. Logistic regression analysis revealed that South Korean adults showing a more positive perception on the effect of food aid to North Korea were more likely to agree to the aid (odds ratio [OR], 19.32). Moreover, compared to the conservatives, the progressives were more likely to agree to food aid to North Korea (OR, 5.94). South Korean adults in their 40-50s were more likely to agree to food aid to North Korea than those in their 20-30s (OR, 2.81). South Korean adults with a higher concern of food aid to North Korea (OR, 3.93) and a greater positive perception on Korean unification (OR, 1.88) were more likely to agree to food aid to North Korea. Conclusion: The most important factor associated with the attitude of South Korean adults toward food aid to North Korea was their perception on the subsequent effect. As strategies to draw social consensus on food aid to North Korea, we recommend systematizing the monitoring process on the effect of providing food aid to North Korea and informing the public of the outcomes.

본 연구는 온라인 설문조사를 통해 대북식량지원과 관련한 남한 성인의 인식과 태도를 조사하고 이러한 태도와 관련한 요인을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 응답자의 44.6%가 대북식량지원에 찬성, 36.7%가 반대하였으며, 나머지 18.7%는 뚜렷한 의견이 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 대북식량지원 찬성군은 반대군에 비해 대북지원 및 대북식량지원에 대한 관심이 높고, 대북식량지원 효과와 통일에 대해 보다 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있었다. 적절한 대북식량지원 방법에 대하여 대북식량지원 찬성군에서는 남한정부의 직접지원을, 반대군에서는 국제기구를 통한 지원을 선택한 응답자의 비율이 가장 높았다. 대북식량지원 찬성군은 반대군에 비해 북한의 기아수준과 식량부족 및 영양불량에 대해 더 심각하게 인식하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 대북식량지원 효과에 긍정적인 인식을 가진 응답자에서 그렇지 않은 경우보다 대북식량지원에 찬성할 확률이 매우 높게 나타나, 국민의 지지를 얻기 위해서는 대북식량지원 효과에 대한 강조가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 보수보다 진보적인 정치 성향의 응답자가, 20-30대보다 40-50대 응답자가 대북식량지원에 찬성할 확률이 높았다. 대북식량지원에 대한 관심이 높고 통일에 대한 인식이 긍정적인 응답자에서 그렇지 않은 경우보다 대북식량지원에 찬성할 확률이 더 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로, 대북식량지원에 대하여 찬성하는 남한 성인과 반대하는 남한 성인 간에는 인구사회학적인 특성과 더불어 대북식량지원 관련 인식에서도 차이가 있었다. 특히, 대북식량지원 효과에 대한 인식은 남한 성인의 대북식량지원에 대한 태도와 큰 관련이 있었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 대북식량지원을 추진함에 있어 국민적 공감대와 사회적 합의를 도출하기 위한 전략 마련의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT [Internet]. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization; c2019 [cited 2019 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/faostat.
  2. Moon KY, Park JY, Song YH. 20 years of aid to North Korea - searching for a new paradigm through critical review. J Int Politics 2018; 23(1): 103-126. https://doi.org/10.18031/jip.2018.06.23.1.103
  3. Ministry of Unification. Press release of Ministry of Unification [Internet]. Seoul: Ministry of Unification; c2019 [cited 2020 Jan 7]. Available from: https://www.unikorea.go.kr/unikorea/news/release.
  4. European Commission - Directorate General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection. ECHO daily flash 23 February 2019. Brussels: European Commission - Directorate General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection; 2019.
  5. United Nations. UN News [Internet]. New York (NY): United Nations; c2019 [cited 2020 Jan 7]. Available from: https://news.un.org.
  6. Ministry of Unification. Unification pictures of Ministry of Unification [Internet]. Seoul: Ministry of Unification; c2019 [cited 2020 Jan 7]. Available from: https://www.unikorea.go.kr/unikorea/news/mov.
  7. World Food Programme. News releases [Internet]. Rome: World Food Programme; c2019 [cited 2020 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.wfp.org/news.
  8. Korea G. Gallup Korea daily opinion. No. 354 (week 3, May 2019). Seoul: Gallup Korea; 2019.
  9. Park J, Rhee M, Cho WB. Study Series 18-02. 2017 survey of inter-Korean integration. Seoul: Korea Institute for National Unification; 2018.
  10. YTN. YTN survey: public opinion on the food aid to North Korea. Seoul: YTN; 2019.
  11. Ministry of the Interior and Safety. Resident registration demographics (August 2019). Sejong: Ministry of the Interior and Safety; 2019.
  12. The Korean Political Science Association. Conflict factors in Korean society and the future of Korea integration. Proceedings of Special Academic Conference; 2016 Jun 10; Seoul. Seoul: The Korean Political Science Association; 2016.
  13. Database Center for North Korean Human Rights; NK Social Research. 2014 Public perception survey of human right of North Korea. Proceedings of the Survey Results Presentation Seminar; 2014 Dec 22; Seoul. Seoul: NK Social Research; 2014.
  14. Chun KH, Jo DJ, Kim BY, Kim HJ, An SY, Lee JM, et al. 2018 South-North Koreas integration index. Seoul: Seoul National University Institute for Peace and Unification Studies; 2018.
  15. Jeong DJ, Kim S, Kim HJ, Na YW, Moon IC, Song YH, et al. 2018 unification perception survey. Seoul: Seoul National University Institute for Peace and Unification Studies; 2018.
  16. von Grebmer K, Bernstein J, Patterson F, Wiemers M, Ni Cheilleachair R, Foley C, Gitter S, Ekstrom K, Fritschel H. 2019 global hunger index: the challenge of hunger and climate change. Bonn/Dublin: Welthungerhilfe/Concern Worldwide; 2019.
  17. Ministry of the Interior and Safety. Resident registration demographics (December 2019). Sejong: Ministry of the Interior and Safety; 2019.
  18. Kwon SH. Determinants of individuals' preferences toward North Korea policy, 2007-2014. J Peace Stud 2016; 17(5): 165-191. https://doi.org/10.14363/kaps.2016.17.5.165
  19. Min TE. South-South conflict: humanitarian aid to North Korea. Korean J Legis Stud 2016; 22(3): 201-229.
  20. Lee HS, Park JS. Interest-based perceptions on unification and policy preferences in South Korea. National Strategy 2016; 22(4): 34-64.
  21. Korea G. Gallup Korea daily opinion. No. 316 (week 4, July 2018). Seoul: Gallup Korea; 2018.
  22. Park HJ, Lee SH. Focusing on error, scientific survey method that change the world. Seoul: Changjisa; 2017.
  23. KBS South-North Koreas Cooperation Institute. 2019 Unification perception survey. Seoul: KBS South-North Koreas Cooperation Institute; 2019.
  24. Park YD, Lee JM. A cohort analysis of attitudes toward national unification and North Korea. J Glob Politics 2016; 9(2): 32-67.
  25. Lee SS. Do we trust North Korea?: an analysis of Korea trust process with survey data. Korean Polit Sci Rev 2013; 47(4): 113-134. https://doi.org/10.18854/kpsr.2013.47.4.006
  26. Lee SY. Correlation between changes in political power and changes in public opinion on North Korea policy 2015 vs. 2017. Jeju: Jeju Peace Institute; 2019.
  27. Cho KS. Infant/child mortality and humanitarian aids to North Korea. Health Soc Welf Rev 2016; 35(3): 485-515. https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2015.35.3.485
  28. Park SM, Lee HW. Current status of healthcare and effective health aid strategies in North Korea. J Korean Med Assoc 2013; 56(5): 368-374. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2013.56.5.368
  29. Kim SH, Lee SH, Hwang SH. Aid to North Korea for capacity building of the unification of Korea comparative analysis on the role of states and international organizations. J Int Politics 2018; 23(1): 5-43. https://doi.org/10.18031/jip.2018.06.23.1.5
  30. Moon K. Reinterpretation of humanitarian assistance to North Korea from the perspective of human security. North Korean Stud Rev 2012; 16(2): 295-328.
  31. Kim SJ. Tasks and directions of development support for North Korea. Sejong: Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade; 2006.