Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
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A Study on Protection Method of Energy Storage System for Lithium-ion Battery Using Surge Protection Device(SPD)

SPD를 이용한 리튬이온전지용 전기저장장치의 보호방안에 관한 연구

  • Hwang, Seung-Wook (Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education) ;
  • Lee, Hu-Dong (Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education) ;
  • Tae, Dong-Hyun (Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education) ;
  • Rho, Dae-Seok (Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education)
  • 황승욱 (한국기술교육대학교 전기공학과) ;
  • 이후동 (한국기술교육대학교 전기공학과) ;
  • 태동현 (한국기술교육대학교 전기공학과) ;
  • 노대석 (한국기술교육대학교 전기공학과)
  • Received : 2020.01.30
  • Accepted : 2020.04.03
  • Published : 2020.04.29
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Abstract

Recently, the installation of energy storage systems (ESSs) that have a range of functions, such as power stabilization of renewable energy sources, demand control, and frequency regulation, has been increasing annually. On the other hand, since the fire accident of ESS occurred at Gochang Power Test Center in August 2017, 29 fire accidents with significant property losses have occurred, including the Gyeongsan substation and Kunsan PV power plant. Because these fire accidents of ESS are arisen regardless of the season and capacity of ESS, an analysis of the fault characteristics in ESS is required to confirm the causes of the fire accidents accurately and ensure the safety of the ESS. This paper proposes the modeling of ESS using PSCAD/EMTDC S/W to identify the fault characteristics and ensure the safety of the ESS. From the simulation results of fault characteristics based on various scenarios, it is clear that the insulation of ESS may be breakdown due to the largely occurring CMV (common mode voltage). Furthermore, the CMV between the PCS and battery can be reduced, and the insulation breakdown of ESS can be prevented if an SPD (surge protect device) is installed in the battery and PCS sides, respectively.

최근, 신재생에너지원의 출력 안정화, 수요관리 및 주파수 조정 등 다양한 기능을 가지고 있는 전기저장장치(energy storage system, ESS)의 설치가 매년 증가되고 있다. 그러나, 2017년 8월에 발생한 고창 전력시험센터의 ESS 화재를 시작으로 경산 변전소, 군산 태양광발전소 등 현재까지 총 29건의 화재사고가 발생하여 많은 재산피해가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 전기저장장치의 화재사고는 전기저장장치의 용량이나 계절과는 무관하게 발생되고 있으므로, ESS의 화재원인을 정확하게 파악하고 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 ESS의 사고특성에 대한 분석이 요구되어지고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 ESS의 사고특성을 분석하고 안전성을 확보하기 위하여, 전력계통 상용해석 소프트웨어인 PSCAD/EMTDC를 이용하여 ESS의 모델링을 수행한다. 다양한 시나리오를 기반으로 ESS의 단락사고특성을 확인한 결과, 높은 사고전류로 인하여 보호기기인 퓨즈가 동작하고, 매우 큰 CMV(common mode voltage)가 발생하여 ESS의 절연이 파괴될 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여, ESS의 배터리측과 PCS측에 각각 SPD를 설치한 경우, DC측 전로에서 발생하는 CMV가 3[kV] 이내로 크게 감소되어 ESS의 절연파괴를 방지할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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