Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: an experimental investigation

  • Shariati, Mahdi (Division of Computational Mathematics and Engineering, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University) ;
  • Tahmasbi, Farzad (Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology) ;
  • Mehrabi, Peyman (Department of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology) ;
  • Bahadori, Alireza (School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran) ;
  • Toghroli, Ali (Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University)
  • Received : 2019.05.02
  • Accepted : 2019.12.12
  • Published : 2020.04.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Shear connectors are essential elements in the design of steel-concrete composite systems. These connectors are utilized to prevent the occurrence of potential slips at the interface of steel and concrete. The two types of shear connectors which have been recently employed in construction projects are C- and L-shaped connectors. In the current study, the behavior of C and L-shaped angle shear connectors is investigated experimentally. For this purpose, eight push-out tests were composed and subjected to monotonic loading. The load-slip curves and failure modes have been determined. Also, the shear strength of the connectors has been compared with previously developed relationships. Two failure modes of shear connectors were observed: 1) concrete crushing-splitting and 2) shear connector fracture. It was found that the L-shaped connectors have less shear strength compared to C-shaped connectors, and decreasing the angle leg size increases the shear strength of the C-shaped connectors, but decreases the relative ductility and strength of L-shaped connectors.

Keywords

References

  1. BSI, D.E., Eurocode 4 (1992), "CEN4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures. Part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings." British Standards Institution, London.
  2. Choi, S.M., Tateishi, K., Uchida, D., Asano, K. and Kobayashi, K. (2008), "Fatigue strength of angle shape shear connector used in steel-concrete composite slab", Int. J. Steel Struct., 8(3), 199-204.
  3. Ciutina, A.L. and Stratan, A. (2008), Cyclic Performances of Shear Connectors, ASCE.
  4. Davoodnabi, S.M., Mirhosseini, S.M. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Behavior of steel-concrete composite beam using angle shear connectors at fire condition", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(2), 141-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.2.141.
  5. Fukazawa, K., Sakai, M., Sudou, N. and Kobayashi, K. (2002), "Fatigue durability of steel-concrete composite slab, MELAB and application to continuous composite steel girder bridge", Mitsui Zosen Technical Review 6: 8-18.
  6. Hosseinpour, E., Baharom, S., Badaruzzaman, W.H.W., Shariati, M. and Jalali, A. (2018), "Direct shear behavior of concrete filled hollow steel tube shear connector for slim-floor steel beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 26(4), 485-499. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.26.4.485.
  7. Khalilian, M. (2015), "Angle shear connectors capacity", Modares Civil Eng. J., 15(3), 51-62.
  8. Khorramian, K., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Jalali, A. and Tahir, M. (2017). "Numerical analysis of tilted angle shear connectors in steel-concrete composite systems", Steel Compos. Struct., 23(1), 67-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.23.1.067.
  9. Khorramian, K., Maleki, S., Shariati, M. and Ramli Sulong, N.H. (2015), "Behavior of tilted angle shear connectors", PLoS One, 10(12), e0144288.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144288.
  10. Khorramian, K., Maleki, S., Shariati, M. and Sulong, R.N. (2016), "Behavior of tilted angle shear connectors (vol 10, e0144288, 2015)", PLoS One, 11(2).
  11. Lu, W., Ma, Z., Makelainen, P. and Outinen, J. (2012), "Behaviour of shear connectors in cold-formed steel sheeting at ambient and elevated temperatures", Thin-Wall. Struct., 61, 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2012.04.008.
  12. Maleki, S. and Bagheri, S. (2008a), "Behavior of channel shear connectors, Part I: Experimental study", J. Constr. Steel Res., 64 1333-1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.01.010.
  13. Maleki, S. and Bagheri, S. (2008b), "Behavior of channel shear connectors, Part I: Experimental study", J. Constr. Steel Res., 64(12), 1333-1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.01.010.
  14. Mansouri, I., Shariati, M., Safa, M., Ibrahim, Z., Tahir, M.M. and Petkovic, D. (2019), "Analysis of influential factors for predicting the shear strength of a V-shaped angle shear connector in composite beams using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy technique", J. Intel. Manufact., 30(3), 1247-1257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-017-1306-6
  15. Mclister, B., Tan, E.L. and Mirza, O. (2014), "Behaviour of headed shear studs in lightweight aggregate concrete under elevated temperatures", Eurosteel 2014: Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Steel and Composite Structures, Napoli, Italy, September 10-12, 2014.
  16. Mirza, O. and Uy, B. (2009), "Behaviour of headed stud shear connectors for composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures", J. Constr. Steel Res., 65(3), 662-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.03.008.
  17. Nasrollahi, S., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Marto, A. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Investigation of pipe shear connectors using push out test", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(5), 537-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.5.537.
  18. Pashan, A. (2006), Behaviour of channel shear connectors: push-out tests, University of Saskatchewan.
  19. Rao, S. (1970), "Composite construction-tests on small scale shear connectors. The Institute of Engineers, Australia", Civil Engineering Transactions, April.
  20. Ros, S. and Shima, H. (2009), "A new beam type test method for load-slip relationship of L-shape shear connector", Proceedings of the 8th symposium on research and application of hybrid and composite structures, 60, 1-8.
  21. Sadeghipour Chahnasir, E., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Dehghani, E., Toghroli, A., Mohamed, E.T., Shariati, A., Safa, M., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Application of support vector machine with firefly algorithm for investigation of the factors affecting the shear strength of angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 413-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.413.
  22. Saidi, T., Furuuchi, H. and Ueda, T. (2008), "The transferred shear force-relative displacement relationship of the shear connector in steel-concrete sandwich beam and its model", Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu E, 64(1), 122-141. https://doi.org/10.2208/jsceje.64.122
  23. Sedghi, Y., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Ahmadi, E., Moghimi Azar, V., Toghroli, A., Safa, M., Tonnizam Mohamad, E., Khorami, M. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Application of ANFIS technique on performance of C and L shaped angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(3), 335-340.http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.3.335.
  24. Shahabi, S., Sulong, N., Shariati, M. and Shah, S. (2016), "Performance of shear connectors at elevated temperatures-A review", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(1), 185-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.1.185.
  25. Shariati, A. (2014), Behaviour of C-shaped Angle Shear Connectors in High Strength Concrete. M.SC, Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
  26. Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012a), "Investigation of channel shear connectors for composite concrete and steel T-beam", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(11), 1828-1831.DOI: 10.5897/IJPS11.1604.
  27. Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012b), "Various types of shear connectors in composite structures: A review", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(22), 2876-2890.
  28. Shariati, A., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Mahoutian, M. (2014a), "Experimental assessment of angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 52, 276-283. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.036.
  29. Shariati, M. (2013), Behaviour of C-shaped Shear Connectors in Steel Concrete Composite Beams, Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
  30. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A., Zandi, Y., Salih, M.N.A., Nguyen, H., Dou, J., Song, X. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019a), "Application of a Hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Particle Swarm Optimization (ANN-PSO) Model in Behavior Prediction of Channel Shear Connectors Embedded in Normal and High-Strength Concrete", Appl. Sci., 9(24), 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245534.
  31. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, A., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2020), "A novel approach to predict shear strength of tilted angle connectors using artificial intelligence techniques", Eng. with Comput., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00930-x.
  32. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Zandi, Y., Dehghani, D., Bahadori, A., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019b), "Application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Genetic Programming (GP) to design steel-concrete composite floor systems at elevated temperatures", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(3), 319-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.319.
  33. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2010), "Experimental and analytical study on channel shear connectors in light weight aggregate concrete", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures, 21-23 July, 2010, Sydney, Australia, Research Publishing Services.
  34. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2012c), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Design, 34, 325-331. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.
  35. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Mahoutian, M. (2011a), "Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete", Scientific Res. Essays, 6(4), 977-983. DOI: 10.5897/SRE10.1120
  36. .Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011b), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics (ASEM'11+), Seoul, South Korea.
  37. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Khanouki, M.A. (2015), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926.DOI: 10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8.
  38. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Kueh, A.B.H. (2016), "Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study", Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 382-392. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.102.
  39. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shafigh, P. (2011c), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (Experimental and Analytical Study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303.
  40. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2013), "Comparison of behaviour between channel and angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Constr. Build. Mater., 38, 582-593. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.050.
  41. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad.K, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012d), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Design, 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039.
  42. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M. and Khanouki, M.A. (2014b), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of angle shear connectors embedded in high strength concrete", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.017.
  43. Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Jalali, A. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Assessment of stiffened angle shear connector under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering - CSM 2017, Zurich, Switzerland.
  44. SSEDTA, C. (2001), "Structural Steelwork Eurocodes: Development of a Trans-National Approach", EC3, lecture 3.
  45. Tahmasbi, F., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Shear capacity of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors", PLoS One, 11(8), e0156989. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156989.
  46. Toghroli, A., Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ibrahim, Z. (2014), "Prediction of shear capacity of channel shear connectors using the ANFIS model", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(5), 623-639. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.5.623.
  47. Viest, I.M. (1951), Full-scale tests of channel shear connectors and composite t-beams, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, College of Engineering.
  48. Wei, X., Shariati, M., Zandi, Y., Pei, S., Jin, Z., Gharachurlu, S., Abdullahi, M., Tahir, M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Distribution of shear force in perforated shear connectors", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(3), 389-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.3.389.
  49. Yokota,H. and Kiyomia, O. (1987), "Load carrying capacity of shear connectors made of shape steel in steel-concrete composite members", Structures division subaqueous tunnels and pipelines laboratory PARI Techinical Note 0595.
  50. Zhao, B. and Kruppa, J. (1995), "Fire resistance of composite slabs with profiled steel sheet and of composite steel concrete beams(Part 2, Composite beams)", EUR(Luxembourg).

Cited by

  1. Influence of porosity and cement grade on concrete mechanical properties vol.10, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2020.10.5.393
  2. Experimental study on the hybrid shear connection using headed studs and steel plates vol.37, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.37.6.649
  3. Prediction of total sediment load: A case study of Wadi Arbaat in eastern Sudan vol.26, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.26.6.781
  4. Long-term deflection prediction in steel-concrete composite beams vol.39, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.39.1.021
  5. Experimental evaluation of new channel shear connector shapes vol.21, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-021-00478-x
  6. The compressive strength of concrete retrofitted with wind ash and steel slag pozzolans with a water-cement based polymers vol.11, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2021.11.6.507
  7. Optimization algorithms for composite beam as smart active control of structures using genetic algorithms vol.27, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2021.27.6.1041
  8. Application of multi-hybrid metaheuristic algorithm on prediction of split-tensile strength of shear connectors vol.28, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2021.28.2.167
  9. Analyzing shear strength of steel-concrete composite beam with angle connectors at elevated temperature using finite element method vol.40, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.40.6.853