한국수자원학회논문집 (Journal of Korea Water Resources Association)

  • 제53권2호
  • /
  • Pages.141-154
  • /
  • 2020
  • /
  • 2799-8746(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2799-8754(eISSN)
한국수자원학회 (Korea Water Resources Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

하천에 유입된 유해화학물질의 혼합 해석을 위한 2차원 오염물질 이동모형 반응항 개발

Development of response terms for contaminant transport in two-dimensional model for mixing analysis of toxic chemicals in rivers

  • 신동빈 (서울대학교 공과대학 건설환경공학부) ;
  • 신재현 (서울대학교 공과대학 건설환경공학부) ;
  • 서일원 (서울대학교 공과대학 건설환경공학부)
  • Shin, Dongbin (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Shin, Jaehyun (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Seo, Il Won (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2019.08.09
  • 심사 : 2020.02.28
  • 발행 : 2020.02.29
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

우리나라에서 일어나는 하천 내 유해화학물질 유입사고 발생건수는 매년 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 이에 대응하기 위해 국가차원의 수질오염 사고대응체계를 구축하여 사고방재를 위한 체계적인 절차를 수립하였으나, 우리나라의 사고대응체계는 해외의 수질모형을 차용하고 있기 때문에 모형의 매개변수 입력 및 검보정에 어려움이 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 하천에 유출된 유해화학물질의 거동을 분석하기 위한 수심 평균 2차원 하천수질모형을 개발하고, 유해화학물질의 특성을 고려한 유의반응항 판별을 통해 효율적 모의수행을 위한 기법을 제시하였다. 수심 평균 2차원 하천수질모형인 CTM-2D에 흡·탈착, 휘발 반응을 재현할 수 있는 반응항을 추가하고, 이를 검증하기 위해 해석해와 수치해를 비교한 결과 0.1% 미만의 오차를 보여 모형의 타당성을 입증하였다. 또한 낙동강-금호강 합류부에 수질오염사고 가상시나리오를 구성하여 개발된 모형을 적용하였으며, 민감도 분석 기반 유의반응 판단을 통해 효율적 수질모의를 수행할 수 있었다.

The accidents of toxic chemical spill into rivers are increasing in recent years due to expansion of heavy industries in Korea. In order to respond to the chemical spills, accident response systems have been established for both main rivers and tributary rivers. However, since these accident response system adopted the water quality models imported from the foreign countries, it is difficult to acquire the model parameters and to calibrate and validate the water quality models. Therefore, this study developed a depth-averaged two-dimensional river water quality model to analyze the behavior of hazardous chemicals in rivers and proposed an efficient simulation execution framework by identifying the significant reaction mechanisms considering the characteristics of the toxic chemicals. The depth-averaged two-dimensional river water quality model CTM-2D was upgraded by adding reaction terms representing mechanisms of the adsorption, desorption, and volatilization of toxic chemicals. In order to verify the model, the analytical solution was compared with the numerical solution, and results showed that the error was less than 0.1%. In addition, the model was applied to a virtual scenario which is a water pollution accident at the confluence of the Nakdong River - Kumho River, and model results showed that an efficient simulation could be carried out by activating only significant reactions which were assessed by the sensitivity analysis.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Brooks, A.N., and Hughes, T.J.R. (1982). "Streamline upwind/Petrov-Galerkin formulations for convection dominated flows with particular emphasis on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations." Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, Vol. 32, No. 1-3, pp. 199-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(82)90071-8
  2. Brusseau, M.L., and Rao, P.S.C. (1989). "The influence of sorbateorganic matter interactions on sorption nonequilibrium." Chemosphere, Vol. 18, No. 9-10, pp. 1691-1706. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90453-0
  3. Dobbins, W.E. (1964). "BOD and oxygen relationship in streams." Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 53-78. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSEDAI.0000495
  4. Four Major River Survey Committee. (2016). Survey report on the water quality of Nakdong River, sediments, and the Yeongpung Seokpo smelter upstream of the Nakdong River. Four Major River Survey Committee. Korea.
  5. Franco, A., and Trapp, S. (2008). "Estimation of the soil-water partition coefficient normalized to organic carbon for ionizable organic chemicals." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 1995-2004. https://doi.org/10.1897/07-583.1
  6. Griffioen, P.S. (1989). "Alarmmodell fur den Rhein/Modele d'alerte pour le Rhin." Internationale Kommission fur die Hydrologie des Rheingebietes (KHR), Bericht: II-2.
  7. Hayter, E.J., Bergs, M.A., Gu, R., McCutcheon, S.C., Smith, S.J., and Whiteley, H.J. (1999). "HSCTM-2D, a finite element model for depth-averaged hydrodynamics, sediment and contaminant transport." Report, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Athens, G.A., U.S.
  8. Ince, N., and Inel, Y. (1989). "Volatilization of organic chemicals from water." Water, Air, and Soil pollution, Vol. 47, No. 1-2, pp. 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00468998
  9. Jia, Y., Chao, X., Zhang, Y., and Zhu, T. (2013). "Technical manual of CCHE2D, version 4.1. NCCHE-TR-02-2013." National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, Oxford, England.
  10. Kan, A.T., Fu, G., and Tomson, M.B. (1994). "Adsorption/desorption hysteresis in organic pollutant and soil/sediment interaction." Environmental science and technology, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 859-867. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00054a017
  11. Karim, M.F., and Kennedy, J.F. (1982). IALLUVIAL: A computerbased flow -and sediment-routing model for alluvial streams and its application to the Missouri river. Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research.
  12. Karickhoff, S.W., Brown, D.S., and Scott, T.A. (1979). "Sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments." Water research, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(79)90201-X
  13. Karickhoff, S.W. (1981). "Semi-empirical estimation of sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments and soils." Chemosphere, Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. 833-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(81)90083-7
  14. Karickhoff, S.W. (1984). "Organic pollutant sorption in aquatic systems." Journal of hydraulic engineering, Vol. 110, No. 6, pp. 707-735. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1984)110:6(707)
  15. Karickhoff, S.W., and Morris, K.R. (1985). "Sorption dynamics of hydrophobic pollutants in sediment suspensions." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 469-479. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620040407
  16. Kim, J.S., Seo, I.W., Lyu, S., and Kwak, S. (2018). "Modeling water temperature effect in diatom (Stephanodiscus hantzschii) prediction in eutrophic rivers using a 2D contaminant transport model." Journal of hydro-environment research, Vol 19, pp. 41-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2018.01.003
  17. Kozerski, G.E., Xu, S., Miller, J., and Durham, J. (2014). "Determination of soil-water sorption coefficients of volatile methylsiloxanes." Environmental toxicology and chemistry, Vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 1937-1945. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2640
  18. Lee, M.E., and Seo, I.W. (2007). "Analysis of pollutant transport in the Han River with t idal current u sing a 2D finite e lement model." Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 30-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2007.04.006
  19. Lee, M.E., and Seo, I.W. (2010). "2D finite element pollutant transport model for accidental mass release in rivers." KSCE Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 77-86.
  20. Lick, W. (2008). Sediment and contaminant transport in surface waters. CRC press.
  21. Lyu, S.W., Kwak, S., Lee, K., Seo, Y., Ahn, J.M., Ko, J.S., and Cho, H. (2017). Testbed Operations Report. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (TR 2017-05), Advanced Research Center on River Operation and Management, Seoul, South Korea.
  22. Ministry of Environment. (2015). Final planning report for chemical accident response R&D program. Ministry of Environment, South Korea.
  23. Mun, H.S., Jang, J.H., Ryu, I.G., and Kim, J.Y. (2012). "Development of web based realtime water pollution accident response management system in rivers." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 145-150. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2012.12.2.145
  24. NIER. (2012). Water pollution accident response management system in tributary rivers. User's guide, Ministry of Environment, South Korea.
  25. Park, I., and Seo, I.W. (2018). "Modeling non-Fickian pollutant mixing in open channel flows using two-dimensional particle dispersion model." Advances in water resources, Vol. 111, pp. 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.10.035
  26. Park, I., and Song, C.G. (2018). "Analysis of two-dimensional flow and pollutant transport induced by tidal currents in the Han River." Journal of Hydroinformatics, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 551-563. https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.118
  27. Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y. (1981). "Technique for determining the volatilization coefficients of priority pollutants in streams." Water Research, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(81)90117-2
  28. Samuels, W.B., and Ryan, D. (2005). "ICWater: Incident Command Tool for Protecting Drinking Water." Proceedings ESRI International User Conference.
  29. Scheytt, T., Mersmann, P., Lindstadt, R., and Heberer, T. (2005). "Determination of sorption coefficients of pharmaceutically active substances carbamazepine, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, in sandy sediments." Chemosphere, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.042
  30. Seo, I.W., and Maxwell, W.H.C. (1992). "Modeling low-flow mixing through pools and riffles." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 118, No. 10, pp. 1406-1423. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:10(1406)
  31. Seo, I.W., and Song, C.G. (2012). "Numerical simulation of laminar flow past a circular cylinder with slip conditions." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 68, No. 12, pp. 1538-1560. https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.2542
  32. Seo, I.W., Jun, I.O., Song, C.G., and Kim, S.E. (2009). "Development of two dimensional sediment transport model using finite element method." Korean Society of Civil Engineers Conference, pp. 747-750.
  33. Seo, I.W., Kim, J.S., and Jung, S.H. (2016). Numerical Simulation of Two-dimensional Pollutant Mixing in Rivers Using RAMS. Procedia engineering, Vol. 154, pp. 544-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.550
  34. Skelland, A.H.P., and Johnson, K.R. (1974). "Jet break-up in liquid-liquid systems." The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 732-738. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450520606
  35. Smith, J.H., and Bomberger, D.C. (1980). "Prediction of volatilization rates of chemicals in water." Hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment, Springer, Boston, M.A., U.S., pp. 445-451.
  36. Tchobanoglous, G., and Schroeder, E.D. (1985). Water quality: characteristics, modeling, modification. Pearson Custom Pub.
  37. Tetra Tech. (2007). "The environmental fluid dynamics code theory and computation, Volume 3: water quality module." Tetra Tech, Fairfax, V.A., U.S.
  38. Thomann, R.V., Mueller, J.A., and a Mueller, J. (1987). Principles of surface water quality modeling and control." Harper and Row, N.Y., U.S.
  39. van Prooijen, B.C., and Uijttewaal, W.S. (2005). "Horizontal mixing in shallow flows." Water quality hazards and dispersion of pollutants, Springer, Boston, M.A., U.S., pp. 55-68
  40. Wool, T.A. (2017). WASP8 Stream Transport-Model Theory and User's Guide.
  41. Yamamoto, H., Nakamura, Y., Moriguchi, S., Nakamura, Y., Honda, Y., Tamura, I., Hirata, Y., Hayashi, A., and Sekizawa, J. (2009). "Persistence and partitioning of eight selected pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: laboratory photolysis, biodegradation, and sorption experiments." Water research, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.039