DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic performance assessments of precast energy dissipation shear wall structures under earthquake sequence excitations

  • Zhang, Hao (School of Civil Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University) ;
  • Li, Chao (State Key Lab. of Coastal Offshore Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology) ;
  • Wang, Zhi-Fang (School of Civil Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University) ;
  • Zhang, Cai-Yan (State Key Lab. of Coastal Offshore Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology)
  • Received : 2019.09.04
  • Accepted : 2019.11.19
  • Published : 2020.02.25

Abstract

This paper presents a novel precast energy dissipation shear wall (PEDSW) structure system that using mild steel dampers as dry connectors at the vertical joints to connect adjacent wall panels. Analytical studies are systematically conducted to investigate the seismic performance of the proposed PEDSW under sequence-type ground motions. During earthquake events, earthquake sequences have the potential to cause severe damage to structures and threaten life safety. To date, the damage probability of engineering structures under earthquake sequence has not been included in structural design codes. In this study, numerical simulations on single-story PEDSW are carried out to validate the feasibility and reliability of using mild steel dampers to connect the precast shear walls. The seismic responses of the PEDSW and cast-in-place shear wall (CIPSW) are comparatively studied based on nonlinear time-history analyses, and the effectiveness of the proposed high-rise PEDSW is demonstrated. Next, the foreshock-mainshock-aftershock type earthquake sequences are constructed, and the seismic response and fragility curves of the PEDSW under single mainshock and earthquake sequences are analyzed and compared. Finally, the fragility analysis of PEDSW structure under earthquake sequences is performed. The influences of scaling factor of the aftershocks (foreshocks) to the mainshocks on the fragility of the PEDSW structure under different damage states are investigated. The numerical results reveal that neglecting the effect of earthquake sequence can lead to underestimated seismic responses and fragilities, which may result in unsafe design schemes of PEDSW structures.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province

References

  1. Allahvirdizadeh, R. and Mohammadi, M.A. (2016), "Upgrading equivalent static method of seismic designs to performance-based procedure", Earthq. Struct., 10(4), 849-865. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.4.849.
  2. Amadio, C., Fragiacomo, M. and Rajgelj, S. (2003), "The effects of repeated earthquake ground motions on the non-linear response of SDOF systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32(2), 291-308. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.225.
  3. Becker, J.M., Llorente, C. and Mueller, P. (1980), "Seismic response of precast concrete walls", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 8(6), 545-564. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290080605.
  4. Beilic, D., Casotto, C, Nascimbene, R., Cicola, D. and Rodrigues, D. (2017), "Seismic fragility curves of single storey RC precast structures by comparing different Italian codes", Earthq. Struct., 12(3), 359-374. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.3.359.
  5. Bljuger, F. (1976), "Determination of deformability characteristics of vertical shear joints in precast buildings", Build. Environ., 11(4), 277-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(76)90035-4.
  6. Chakrabarti, S.C., Nayak, G.C. and Paul, D.K. (1988), "Shear characteristics of cast-in-place vertical joints in story-high precast wall assembly", ACI Struct. J., 85(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.14359/2965.
  7. Choi, E., DesRoches, R. and Nielson, B. (2004). "Seismic fragility of typical bridges in moderate seismic zones", Eng. Struct., 26(2), 187-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct. 2003.09.006.
  8. Cornell, C.A., Jalayer, F., Hamburger, R.O. and Foutch, D.A. (2002), "Probabilistic basis for 2000 SAC federal emergency management agency steel moment frame guidelines", J. Struct. Eng., 128(4), 526-533. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:4(526).
  9. Crisafulli, F.J. and Restrepo, J.I. (2003), "Ductile steel connections for seismic resistant precast buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 7(4), 541-553. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460309350463.
  10. Fajfar, P. (2000), "A nonlinear analysis method for performance-based seismic design", Earthq. Spectra, 16(3), 573-592. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586128.
  11. Fib-bulletin 43(1999), Structural Connections for Precast Concrete Buildings.
  12. Fib-bulletin 63(2012), Design of Precast Concrete Structures Against Accidental Actions.
  13. GB50011-2010 (2010), Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing, China.
  14. Guo, W., Zhai, Z.P., Cui, Y., Yu, Z.W. and Wu, X.L. (2019), "Seismic performance assessment of low-rise precast wall panel structure with bolt connections", Eng. Struct., 181, 562-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.060.
  15. Han, L.B., Cheng, J., An, Y.R., Fang, L.H., Jiang, C.S., Chen, B., Wu, Z.L., Liu, J., Xu, X.W., Liu, R.F., Yao, Z.X., Wang, C.Z. and Wang, Y.S. (2018), "Preliminary report on the 8 August 2017 Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China, earthquake", Seismol. Res. Lett., 89(2), 557-569. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170158.
  16. Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. (2010), "Behavior factors for nonlinear structures subjected to multiple near-fault earthquakes", Comput. Struct., 88(5), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2009. 11.006.
  17. Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. (2010), "Ductility demand spectra for multiple near- and far-fault earthquakes", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30(4), 170-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.10. 003.
  18. Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. and Beskos, D.E. (2009), "Inelastic displacement ratios for SDOF structures subjected to repeated earthquakes", Eng. Struct., 31(11), 2744-2755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct. 2009.07.002.
  19. Herfelt, M.A., Poulsen, P.N., Hoang, L.C. and Jensen, J.F. (2016), "Numerical limit analysis of keyed shear joints in concrete structures", Struct. Concrete, 17(3), 481-490. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/suco.201500161.
  20. Hirose, F., Miyaoka, K., Hayashimoto, N., Yamazaki, T. and Nakamura, M. (2011), "Outline of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (Mw 9.0)-Seismicity: foreshocks, mainshock, aftershocks, and induced activity", Earth Plan. Space, 63(7), 513-518. https://doi.org/10.5047/eps. 2011.05.019.
  21. Huang, R.Q. and Li, W.L. (2009), "Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China", Sci. China Ser. E: Technol. Sci., 52(4), 810-819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-009-0117-1.
  22. Hutchinson, R.L., Rizkalla, S.H., Lau, M. and Heuvel, S. (1991), "Horizontal post-tensioned connections for precast concrete load bearing shear wall panels", PCI J., 36(6), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11011991.64.76.
  23. Jiang, H.K., Li, Y.L., Qu, Y.J., Hua, A.J., Zheng, J.C., Dai, L. and Hou, H.F. (2006), "Spatial distribution features of sequence types of moderate and strong earthquake in Chinese mainland", Acta Seismologica Sinica, 19(4), 417-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11589-004-0417-5.
  24. Kurama, Y.C. (2005), "Seismic design of partially post-tensioned precast concrete walls", PCI J., 50(4), 100-125. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07012005.100.125.
  25. Kwon, O.S. and Elnashai, A. (2006), "The effect of material and ground motion uncertainty on the seismic vulnerability curves of RC structure", Eng. Struct., 28(2), 289-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.07.010.
  26. Li, C., Hao, H., Li, H.N. and Bi, K.M. (2015), "Theoretical modeling and numerical simulation of seismic motions at seafloor", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 77, 220-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.05.016.
  27. Li, C., Hao, H., Li, H.N. and Bi, K.M. (2016), "Seismic fragility analysis of reinforced concrete bridges with chloride induced corrosion subjected to spatially varying ground motions", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 16(05), 1550010. https://doi.org/10.1142/ S0219455415500108.
  28. Li, C., Hao, H., Li, H.N., Bi, K.M. and Chen B.K. (2017), "Modeling and simulation of spatially correlated ground motions at multiple onshore and offshore sites", J. Earthq. Eng., 21(3), 359-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1172375.
  29. Li, C., Li, H.N., Hao, H., Bi, K.M. and Chen, B.K. (2018), "Seismic fragility analyses of sea-crossing cable-stayed bridges subjected to multi-support ground motions on offshore sites", Eng. Struct., 165, 441-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct. 2018.03.066.
  30. Li, L.X., Li, H.N. and Li, C. (2018), "Seismic fragility assessment of self-centering RC frame structures considering maximum and residual deformations", Struct. Eng. Mech., 68(6), 677-689. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.68.6.677.
  31. Li, Q. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2007), "Performance evaluation and damage assessment of steel frame buildings under mainshock-aftershock earthquake sequences", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(3), 405-427. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.667.
  32. Li, R.H., Li, H.N. and Li, C. (2018), "Seismic performance assessment of RC frame structures subjected to far-field and near-field ground motions considering strain rate effect", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 18(10), 1850127. https://doi.org/10.1142/ S0219455418501274.
  33. Li, S., Tian, J. and Liu, Y. (2017), "Performance-based seismic design of eccentrically braced steel frames using target drift and failure mode", Earthq. Struct., 13(5), 443-454. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.13.5.443.
  34. Li, Y., Song, R. and van de Lindt John, W. (2014), "Collapse fragility of steel structures subjected to earthquake mainshock-aftershock sequences", J. Struct. Eng., 140(12), 04014095. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943541X.0001019.
  35. Lim, W.Y., Kang, H.K. and Hong, S.G. (2016), "Cyclic lateral testing of precast concrete T-walls in fast low-rise construction", ACI Struct. J., 113(1), 179-89. https://doi.org/10.14359/ 51688200.
  36. Liolios, A., Elenas, A., Liolios, A., Radev, S., Georgiev, K. and Georgiev, I. (2014), "Tall RC buildings environmentally degradated and strengthened by cables under multiple earthquakes: a numerical approach", International Conference Numerical Methods Applications, 8962, 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15585-2_21.
  37. Mackie, K. and Stojadinovic, B. (2005), "Fragility basis for California highway overpass bridge seismic decision making", PEER Report No. 2005/02, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A.
  38. Magliulo, G., Ercolino, M., Petrone, C., Coppola, O. and Manfredi, G. (2014), "The Emilia earthquake: seismic performance of precast reinforced concrete buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 30(2), 891-912. https://doi.org/10.1193/091012EQS285M.
  39. Mahin, S.A. (1980), "Effects of duration and aftershocks on inelastic design earthquakes", Proceedings of the Seventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 5, 677-679.
  40. Naderpour, H. and Vakili, K. (2019), "Safety assessment of dual shear wall-frame structures subject to mainshock-aftershock sequence in terms of fragility and vulnerability curves", Earthq. Struct., 16(4), 425-436. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019. 16.4.425.
  41. Nastri, E., Vergato, M. and Latour, M. (2017), "Performance evaluation of a seismic retrofitted RC precast industrial building", Earthq. Struct., 12(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.1.013.
  42. Nazari, N., van de Lindt, J.W. and Li, Y. (2015), "Effect of mainshock-aftershock sequences on woodframe building damage fragilities", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 29(1), 04014036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.19435509.0000512.
  43. Nielson, B.G. (2005), "Analytical fragility curves for highway bridges in moderate seismic zones", Ph.D. Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, U.S.A.
  44. Ozden, S. and Ertas, O. (2007), "Behavior of unbonded, post-tensioned, precast concrete connections with different percentages of mild steel reinforcement", PCI J., 52(2), 32-44. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03012007.32.44.
  45. Pall, A.S., Marsh, C. and Fazio, P. (1982), "Friction joints for seismic control of large panel structures", PCI J., 25(6), 38-61. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11011980.38.61.
  46. Pantelides, C.P, Volnyy, V.A., Gergely, J. and Reaveley, L.D. (2003), "Seismic retrofit of precast concrete panel connections with carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites", PCI J., 48(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01012003.92.104.
  47. Park, R. (1995), "A perspective on the seismic design of precast concrete structures in New Zealand", PCI J., 40(3), 40-60. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05011995.40.60.
  48. Park, R. (2002), "Seismic design and construction of precast concrete buildings in New Zealand", PCI J., 47(5), 60-75. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.09012002.60.75.
  49. Park, R. (2003), "The fib state-of-the-art report on the seismic design of precast concrete building structures", Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
  50. Pekau, O.A. and Hum, D. (1991), "Seismic response of friction jointed precast panel shear walls", PCI J., 36(2), 56-71. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03011991.56.71.
  51. Perez, F.J., Sause, R. and Pessiki, S. (2007), "Analytical and experimental lateral load behavior of unbonded posttensioned precast concrete walls", J. Struct. Eng., 133(11), 1531-1540. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)07339445(2007)133:11(1531).
  52. Pessiki, S. and Perez, F.J. (2004), "Seismic design of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls with vertical joint connectors", PCI J., 49(1), 58-79. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij. 01012004.58.79.
  53. Reaveley, L.D. and Pantelides, C.P. (2002), "Behavior of welded plate connections in precast concrete panels under simulated seismic loads", PCI J., 47(4), 122-133. https://doi.org/10.15554/ pcij.07012002.122.133.
  54. Rizkalla, S.H., Serrette, R.L., Heuvel, J.S. and Attiogbe, E. (1989), "Multiple shear key connections for precast shear wall panels", PCI J., 34(2), 104-120. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03011989.104.120.
  55. Sakata, H., Kuboyama, H., Sugiyama, T. and Ikezawa, M. (2005), "Experimental study on beam-column joint of damage controlled precast-prestressed concrete frame with P/C mild-press-joint", J. Struct. Constr. Eng., 2005(588), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.70.141-1.
  56. Shome, N. and Cornell, C.A. (1999), "Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structures", Reliability of Marine Structures Report No. RMS-35, Stanford University, California.
  57. Shrestha, B., Li, C., Hao, H. and Li, H.N. (2017), "Performance-based seismic assessment of superelastic shape memory alloy-reinforced bridge piers considering residual deformations", J. Earthq. Eng., 21(7), 1050-1069. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13632469. 2016.1190798.
  58. Simulia, D. (2011), Abaqus 6.11 Analysis User's Manual.
  59. Soudki, K.A., Rizkalla, S.H. and Leblanc, B. (1995), "Horizontal connections for precast concrete shear walls subjected to cyclic deformations part.1. Mild-steel connections", PCI J., 40(4), 78-96. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07011995.78.96.
  60. Soudki, K.A., West, J.S., Rizkalla, S.H. and Blackett, B. (1996), "Horizontal connections for precast concrete shear wall panels under cyclic shear loading", PCI J., 41(3), 64-80. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05011996.64.80.
  61. Sritharan, S., Aaleti, S., Henry, R.S., Liu, K.Y. and Tsai, K.C. (2015), "Precast concrete wall with end columns (PreWEC) for earthquake resistant design", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44(12), 2075-2092. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2576.
  62. Sugata, M. and Nakatsuka, T. (2005), "Estimation for load-deflection characteristics of precast prestressed flexural member with unbonded tendons and mild steel using a macro model", J. Struct. Constr. Eng., 70(590), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.3130/ aijs.70.103-2.
  63. Wen, W., Zhai, C., Ji, D., Li, S. and Xie L. (2017), "Framework for the vulnerability assessment of structure under mainshock-aftershock sequences", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 101, 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.07.002.
  64. Xu, G., Wang, Z., Wu, B. and Bursi, O.S. (2017), "Seismic performance of precast shear wall with sleeves connection based on experimental and numerical studies", Eng. Struct., 150, 346-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.06.026.
  65. Zhang, C.Y., Li, H.N., Gao, W.H. and Li, C. (2019), "Experimental and analytical investigations on new viscoelastic damped joints (VDJs) for seismic mitigation of structures with precast shear walls", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., e2485, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2485.
  66. Zhang, H., Li, H.N., Li, C. and Cao, G.W. (2018), "Experimental and numerical investigations on seismic responses of reinforced concrete structures considering strain rate effect", Constr. Build. Mater., 173, 672-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat. 2018.04.085.
  67. Zhu, Z.F. and Guo, Z.X. (2019), "Seismic performance of the spatial model of precast concrete shear wall structure using grouted lap splice connection andcast-in-situ concrete", Struct. Concrete, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201800252.

Cited by

  1. Effect of Aftershocks on Seismic Fragilities of Single-Story Masonry Structures vol.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.695111