Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition

The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (대한소아소화기영양학회)
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Risk and Protective Factors for Gastrointestinal Symptoms associated with Antibiotic Treatment in Children: A Population Study

  • Bau, Mario (Department of Pediatric, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria) ;
  • Moretti, Alex (Department of Pediatric, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria) ;
  • Bertoni, Elisabetta (Department of Pediatric, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria) ;
  • Vazzoler, Valentino (Department of Statistic, University of Padua) ;
  • Luini, Chiara (Department of Pediatric, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria) ;
  • Agosti, Massimo (Department of Pediatric, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria) ;
  • Salvatore, Silvia (Department of Pediatric, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria)
  • Received : 2019.08.22
  • Accepted : 2019.10.29
  • Published : 2020.01.15
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Abstract

Purpose: Gastrointestinal symptoms are often related to antibiotic treatment. Their incidence, risk and protective conditions in children are not well defined and represent the aims of this study. Methods: We prospectively enrolled inpatient children submitted to antibiotic treatment. Indication, type, dose and duration of treatment, probiotic supplementation and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded at recruitment, after two and four weeks. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) was defined as the presence of at least 3 loose/liquid stools within 14 days from antibiotic onset. Results: AAD occurred in 59/289 (20.4%) of patients, with increased risk in children younger than 3 years (relative risk [RR]=4.25), in lower respiratory (RR=2.11) and urinary infections (RR=3.67), intravenous administration (RR=1.81) and previous AAD episodes (RR=1.87). Abdominal pain occurred in 27/289 (9.3%), particularly in children >6 years (RR=4.15), with previous abdominal pain (RR=7.2) or constipation (RR=4.06). Constipation was recorded in 23/289 (8.0%), with increased risk in children having surgery (RR=2.56) or previous constipation (RR=7.38). Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced AAD (RR=0.30) and abdominal pain (RR=0.36). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and L. reuteri significantly reduced AAD (RR=0.37 and 0.35) and abdominal pain (RR=0.37 and 0.24). Conclusion: AAD occurred in 20.4% of children, with increased risk at younger age, lower respiratory and urinary tract infections, intravenous treatment and previous AAD. LGG and L. reuteri reduced both AAD and associated abdominal pain.

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References

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