Steel and Composite Structures

  • 제34권6호
  • /
  • Pages.891-907
  • /
  • 2020
  • /
  • 1229-9367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6233(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental study on hysteretic behavior of steel moment frame equipped with elliptical brace

  • Jouneghani, Habib Ghasemi (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University) ;
  • Haghollahi, Abbas (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University)
  • 투고 : 2019.07.29
  • 심사 : 2020.02.18
  • 발행 : 2020.03.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Many studies reveal that during destructive earthquakes, most of the structures enter the inelastic phase. The amount of hysteretic energy in a structure is considered as an important criterion in structure design and an important indicator for the degree of its damage or vulnerability. The hysteretic energy value wasted after the structure yields is the most important component of the energy equation that affects the structures system damage thereof. Controlling this value of energy leads to controlling the structure behavior. Here, for the first time, the hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation capacity are assessed at presence of elliptical braced resisting frames (ELBRFs), through an experimental study and numerical analysis of FEM. The ELBRFs are of lateral load systems, when located in the middle bay of the frame and connected properly to the beams and columns, in addition to improving the structural behavior, do not have the problem of architectural space in the bracing systems. The energy dissipation capacity is assessed in four frames of small single-story single-bay ELBRFs at ½ scale with different accessories, and compared with SMRF and X-bracing systems. The frames are analyzed through a nonlinear FEM and a quasi-static cyclic loading. The performance features here consist of hysteresis behavior, plasticity factor, energy dissipation, resistance and stiffness variation, shear strength and Von-Mises stress distribution. The test results indicate that the good behavior of the elliptical bracing resisting frame improves strength, stiffness, ductility and dissipated energy capacity in a significant manner.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, (SRTTU)

This work is supported by the Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, (SRTTU). The support and assistance of the structural laboratory specialists are acknowledged and appreciated.

참고문헌

  1. Abdollahzadeh, G., Faghihmaleki, H and Esmaili, H. (2018), "Comparing Hysteretic Energy and inter-story drift in steel frames with V-shaped brace under near and far fault earthquakes", Alexandria Eng J., 57(1), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.09.015.
  2. Abdollahzadeh, G. and Faghihmaleki, H. (2016), "Seismicexplosion riskbased robustness index of structures", Int. J. Damage Mech., 26(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056789516651919.
  3. AISC 360-10 (2010), Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL.
  4. Aguirre, J.J. and Almazan, J.L. (2015), "Demands potential reduction of optimally passive-controlled nonlinear structures", J. Eng. Struct., 89(15), 130-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.009.
  5. Applied Technology Council (1992), Guidelines for cyclic seismic testing of component of steel structures. Redwood City, CA: ATC-24.
  6. ASTM A 370-05. (2005), Test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products, Am. Soc. Test Mater., 1-47.
  7. Aristizabal-Ochoa, J. D. (1986), "Disposable knee bracing: improvement in seismic design of steel frames", J. Struct. Eng. -ASCE, 112(7), 1544-1552. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1986)112:7(1544).
  8. Bayat, M. and Bayat, M. (2014), "Seismic behavior of special moment-resisting frames with energy dissipating devices under near source ground motions", Steel Compos. Struct., 16(5), 533-557. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.16.5.533.
  9. Benavent, A. (2007), "An energy-based damage model for seismic response of steel structures", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 36, 1049-1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.671.
  10. Black, C.J., Makris, N. and Aiken, I.D. (2004), "Component testing, seismic evaluation and characterization of bucklingrestrained braces", J. Struct Eng., 130(6). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:6(880).
  11. Bojorquez, E., Astorga, L., Reyes-Salazar, A., Teran-Gilmore, A., Velazquez, J., Bojorquez, J. and Rivera, L. (2015), "Prediction of hysteretic energy demands in steel frames using vectorvalued IMs", Steel Compos. Struct., 19(3), 697-711. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.3.697.
  12. Cao, H. and Friswell, M.I. (2009), "The effect of energy concentration of earthquake ground motion on the nonlinear response of RC Structures", Soil Dyn. Earth. Eng., 29(2), 292-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.02.003.
  13. Christopoulos, C., Tremblay, R., Kim, H.J. and Lacerte, M. (2008), "Self-centering energy dissipative bracing system for the seismic resistance of structures: Development and validation", J. Struct Eng., 134(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(96).
  14. Dogru, S., Aksar, B., Akbas, B. and Shen, J. (2017), "Parametric study on energy demands for steel special concentrically braced frames", Steel Compos. Struct., 24(2), 265-276. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.24.2.265.
  15. Engelhardt, M.D. and Popov, E.P. (1989), "On design of eccentrically braced frames", Earth. Spectra, 5(3), 495-511. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585537.
  16. Fanaie, N., Aghajani, S. and Afsar Dizaj, E. (2016), "Strengthening of moment-resisting frame using cable-cylinder bracing", J. Adv. Struct.Eng., 19(11), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216649382.
  17. Fanaie, N. and Ezzatshoar, A. (2014), "Studying the seismic behavior of gate braced frames by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA)", J. Constr. Steel Res., 99, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.04.008.
  18. Fanaie, N. and Shamlou, S.O. (2015), "Response modification factor of mixed structures", Steel Compos. Struct., 19(6), 1449-1466. : http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.6.1449.
  19. Fanaie, N., Dizaj, E.A. and Zarifpour, A. (2017), "Probabilistic seismic demand of steel frames braced with reduced yielding segment buckling restrained braces", J. Adv. Struct. Eng., 21(7), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433217737115.
  20. FEMA (2000), American Society of Civil Engineers. Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, Washington (DC): Federal Emergency Management Agency No.356.
  21. FEMA (2001), Seismic design criteria for new moment-resisting steel frame construction, Federal Emergency Management Agency Report No. 350.
  22. Goel, S.C. and Berg, G.V. (1968), "Inelastic earthquake response of tall steel frames", J. Struct. Div.- ASCE, 94(8), 1772-1907.
  23. Hibbitt, Karlsson, & Sorenson, Inc., (HKS). (2001), ABAQUS/Explicit User's Manual. Version 6.2, Hibbitt, Karlsson, & Sorenson Inc., Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
  24. Housner, G.W. (1956), "Limit design of structures to resist earthquake", Proceedings of the 1st World Conference on Earth. Eng., Berkeley, California.
  25. Housner, G.W. and Jennings, P.C. (1977), "The capacity of extreme earthquake motions to damage structures", Structural and geotechnical mechanics, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 102-116.
  26. Kaveh, A., Farahmand Azar, F., Hadidi, A., Rezazadeh Sorochi, F. and Talatahari, S. (2010), "Performance-based seismic design of steel frames using ant colony optimization", Constr. Steel Res., 66, 566-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.11.006
  27. Kazantzi, A.K., Vamvatsikos, D. and Lignos, D.G. (2014), "Seismic perpormance of a steel moment resisting frame subject to strength and ductility uncertainty", Eng Struct., 78(1), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.044.
  28. Khaloo, A., Nozhati, S., Masoomi, M. and Faghihmaleki, H. (2016), "Influence of earthquake record truncation on fragility curves of RC frames with different damage indices", J. Build. Eng., 7, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.05.003.
  29. Khatamirad, M. and Shariatmadar, H. (2017), "Experimental and analytical study of steel slit shear wall", Steel Compos. Struct., 24(6), 741-751. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.24.6.741.
  30. Kunnath, S.K. and Chai, Y.H. (2004), "Cumulative damage-based inelastic cyclic demand spectrum", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 33, 499-520. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.363.
  31. Kuwamura, H. and Galambos, T.V. (1989), "Earthquake load for structural reliability", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 115(6), 1446-1462. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:6(1446).
  32. Leger, P. Member, ASCE, and Dussault, S. (1992), "Seismic-energy dissipation in MDOF structures", J. Struct. Eng., 118, 1251-1269. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:5(1251).
  33. Lopez-Barraza, A., Ruiz, S.E., Reyes-Salazar, A. and Bojorquez, E. (2016), "Demands and distribution of hysteretic energy in moment resistant self-centering steel frames", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(5), 1155-1171. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.5.1155.
  34. Lubell, A.S. (1997), "Performance of un-stiffened steel plate shear walls under cyclic quasi-static loading", M.Sc. Thesis. Vancouver, BC, Canada: Department of Civil Engineering University of British Columbia; 1997.
  35. Mofid, M. and Khosravi, P. (2000), "Non-linear analysis of disposable knee bracing", Comput. Struct., 75(1), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00085-1.
  36. Okazaki, T., Arce, G., Ryu, G. and Engelhardt, M.D. (2004), "Recent research on link performance in steel eccentrically braced frames", Proceedings of the 13th world conference on Earth. Eng., Canada.
  37. Richards, P.W. and Uang, C.M. (2005), "Effect of flange widththickness ratio on eccentrically braced frame link cyclic rotation capacity", Struct. Eng., 131(10), 1546-1552. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:10(1546).
  38. Richards, P.W. and Uang C.M. (2006), "Testing protocol for short links in eccentrically braced frames", Struct. Eng., 132(8), 1183-1191. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:8(1183).
  39. Roeder, C.W. and Popov, E.P. (1978a), "Eccentrically braced frames for earthquakes", J. Struct. Div. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., 104(3), 391-412.
  40. Sahoo, D.R. and Chao, S.H. (2010), "Performance-based plastic design method for buckling-restrained braced frames", Eng. Struct., 32(9), 2950-2958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.05.014.
  41. Shin, D.H. and Kim H.J., (2016) "Influential properties of hysteretic energy dissipating devices on collapse capacities of frames", Constr. Steel Res., 123, 93-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.04.022.
  42. Speicher, M.S. and Harris, J.L. (2016), "Collapse prevention seismic performance assessment of new special concentrically braced frames using ASCE 41", Eng. Struct., 126(1), 652-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.064.
  43. Sultana, P. and Youssef, M.A. (2016), "Prediction of local seismic damage in steel moment resisting frames", Constr. Steel Res., 122, 122-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.03.011.
  44. Taniguchi, M. and Takewaki, I. (2015), "Bound of earthquake input energy to building structure considering shallow and deep ground uncertainties", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 77, 267-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.05.011.
  45. Uang, C.M. and Bertero, V.V. (1998), "Implication of recorded earthquake ground motion on seismic design of buildings structures", Report no. UBC/EERC-88/13, Earth. Eng. Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
  46. Wu, J. and Hanson, R.D. (1989), "Study of inelastic spectra with high damping", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 115(6), 1412-1431. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:6(1412).
  47. Xu, L.H.., Fan, X., Lu, D.C. and. Li, Z. (2016), "Hysteretic behavior studies of self-centering energy dissipation bracing system", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(6), 697-711. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.6.697.
  48. Xu, L.H.. Li, Z. and Lv, Y. (2014), "Nonlinear seismic damage control of steel frame-steel plate shear wall structures using MR dampers", Earthq. Struct., 7(6), 937-953. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.6.937.
  49. Xu, L.H., Xie, X.S. and Li, Z.X.. (2018), "Development and experimental study of a self-centering variable damping energy dissipation brace", Eng Struct., 160(1), 270-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.051.
  50. Xu, L.H., Fan, X.W. and Li, Z.X.. (2018), "Cyclic behavior and failure mechanism of self-centering energy dissipation braces with pre-pressed combination disc springs", J. Earth. Eng. Struct. D., 46(7), 1065-1080. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2844.
  51. Xu, L.H., Xie, X.S. and Li, Z.X. (2018), "A self-centering brace with superior energy dissipation capability: development and experimental study", Smart Mater. Struct., 27(9).
  52. Xue, W., Yang, F. and Li, L. (2009), "Experiment research on seismic performance of prestressed steel reinforced high performance concrete beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 9(2), https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2009.9.2.159.
  53. Zahrah, T.F. and Hall, W.J. (1984), "Earthquake energy absorption in SDOF structures", J. Struct. Eng., 110(8), 1757-1772. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:8(1757).