Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
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Effect of El Niño and La Niña on the Coastal Upwelling in East Sea, South Korea

엘니뇨와 라니냐가 한국 동해 연안용승에 미치는 영향

  • Seo, Ho-San (Research Center for Ocean Industrial Development, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Sun (Department of Ecological Engineering, Pukyong National University)
  • 서호산 (부경대학교 해양산업개발연구소) ;
  • 김동선 (부경대학교 생태공학과)
  • Received : 2020.01.10
  • Accepted : 2020.02.25
  • Published : 2020.02.28
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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of El Niño and La Niña on coastal upwelling in the East Sea of Korea using long-term (1967-2017) water temperature observation data and Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). As a result of time series analysis of water temperature, the occurrence frequency of summer coastal upwelling was the highest in the southeastern (Ulgi ~ Gimpo) coast. In 1987-1988 and 1997-1998, when the annual fluctuations of ONI plunged more than 2.5, the water temperature in whole coast areas of the East Sea (Busan ~ Goseung) rose by 4 ~ 7 ℃. The temperature structure of the East Sea coastal water was different when El Niño was strong with ONI above 1.5 and La Niña with strong ONI below -0.8. When El Niño is strong, the water temperature anomaly in coastal waters is negative. This is due to the strong baroclinic tilting and the formation of shallow temperature stratification in the coastal waters. The strong La Niña season is opposite to the strong El Niño season, whereas the water temperature anomaly is positive. In addition, the baroclinic tilting is weaker than the time of strong El Niño and the temperature stratification is formed deeper than the time of strong El Niño. The formation of temperature stratification at shallow depths when El Niño is strong can increase the probability of occurrence coastal upwelling caused by southerly winds in the summer season. On the contrary, when La Niña is strong, occurrence of coastal upwelling is less likely even if the southerly wind blows continuously. This is because the temperature stratification is formed at deeper than when El Niño is strong.

본 연구는 51년 장기(1967-2017년) 수온 관측자료와 ONI(Oceanic Niño Index)를 이용하여 El Niño와 La Niña가 한국 동해 연안용승 발생에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 수온의 시계열분석 결과 하계 연안용승 발생빈도가 동해남부(울기~감포) 연안에서 가장 높았다. 하계 ONI 가 2.5 이상 급감하는 연변동이 발생한 1987-1988년과 1997-1998년에 동해 전 연안역(부산~고성)의 수온이 4~7 ℃ 급상승하였다. ONI가 1.5 이상으로 El Niño가 강한 1987, 1997년과 ONI가 -0.8 이하로 La Niña가 강한 1988, 1998년 동해 연안역의 수온구조가 서로 다르게 나타났다. El Niño가 강한 시기 연안해역의 이상 수온은 음의 값으로 비교적 차가운 냉수괴가 분포한다. 이는 수온 경계층경사(Baroclinic tilting)가 강해 연안역의 수온 성층 형성 수심이 얕아지기 때문이다. La Niña가 강한 시기는 El Niño가 강한 시기와 반대로 이상 수온은 양의 값으로 수온이 높게 나타났다. 또한 수온의 경계층경사가 El Niño가 강한 시기에 비해 약해 수온 성층이 El Niño가 강한 시기보다 깊은 곳에 형성된다. El Niño가 강한 시기 얕은 수심에 수온성층이 형성되는 현상은 하계 남풍계열의 바람에 의한 연안용승이 발생할 확률을 높일 수 있다. 반대로 La Niña가 강한 시기에는 남풍계열의 바람이 지속적으로 불어도 연안용승이 발생할 확률이 작다. 왜냐하면, 수온성층이 El Niño가 강한 시기에 비해 깊은 수심에서 형성되기 때문이다.

Keywords

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