Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Clubhead Velocity on GRF Magnitude and Time during 7-iron Swing

골프스윙 시 지면반력 크기와 시간 차이가 클럽헤드 속도에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2019.10.28
  • Accepted : 2020.02.26
  • Published : 2020.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clubhead velocity through regression analysis on the magnitude and time difference of the forward-backward, mediolateral, and vertical ground reaction peak forces generated by force plate during golf swing. Method: 16 subjects (age: 20.5±4.2 yrs, height: 176.0±5.4 cm, weight: 77.8±5.9 kg, handy: 2.4±1.7) who is elite golf player in high school and university, participated in this study. The study method adopted three-dimensional analysis with 8 cameras and ground reaction force measurement with two force plate. The analysis variables were clubhead velocity, and ground reaction analysis variables set four events in each graph based on the peak forces commonly generated in Fx, Fy, and Fz graphs of the ground reaction data during the golf swing. Results: As a result of analyzing the influence of ground reaction magnitude difference on clubhead velocity, the influence on clubhead velocity was ym4, zm1, xm4, zm2. The larger ym4, xm4, zm1, the fasterthe clubhead velocity, but the smallerthe zm2, the faster the clubhead velocity. And in time difference, the influence on the clubhead velocity was in the order of xt4, zt1, zt3. The shorter xt4, zt1, zt3 showed faster clubhead velocity. Conclusion: The leftfoot played a leading role in increasing the velocity of the clubhead. Although the result was caused by the interaction of the right foot and the left foot during the swing, the role of the left foot is relatively large.

Keywords

References

  1. An, C. J., Back, J. H. & Kwak, C. S. (2005). Driver swing motion analysis of ground reaction in pro-golf player. Korean Journal of Sport Science, 16(1), 130-139.
  2. Ball, K. A. & Best, R. J. (2007a). Different centre of pressure patterns within the golf stroke I: Cluster analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(7), 757-770. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600874971
  3. Ball, K. A. & Best, R. J. (2007b). Different centre of pressure patterns within the golf stroke II: Group-based analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(7), 771-779. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600875002
  4. Chu, Y., Sell, T. C. & Lephart, S. M. (2010). The relationship between biomechanical variables and driving performance during the golf swing. Journal of Sports Science, 28, 1251-1259. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.507249
  5. Chun, H. S. (1988). Kinematic analysis of the golf swing. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Ewha Womans Korea University.
  6. Cooper, J. R., Bates, B. T., Rede, J. & Scheuchenzuber, J. (1974). Kinematic and kinetic analysis of the golf swing. In: Nelson RC, Morebouse CA (Eds.), Biomechanics IV. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 298-305.
  7. Hellstrom, J. (2009). Competitive elite golf: A review of the relationships between playing results, technique and physique. Sports Medicine, 39(9), 723-741. https://doi.org/10.2165/11315200-000000000-00000
  8. Hume, P. A., Keogh, J. & Reid, D. (2005). The role of biomechanics in maximizing distance and accuracy of golf shots. Sports Medicine, 35(5), 429-449. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535050-00005
  9. Koenig, G., Tamres, M. & Mann, R. W. (1994). The biomechanics of the shoe-ground interaction in golf. In A. J. Cochran, & M. R. Farrally (Ed), Science & golf II: Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf. 40-45. Padstow, Cornwall, GB: E & FN Spon.
  10. Leadbetter, D. (1995). A lesson with Leadbetter: The swing. London: Telstar Video Entertainment, Festival Records.
  11. Leadbetter, D. (2002). Golf swing (Park, H. T.), Seoul: Sam-ho media.
  12. Mason, B. R., McGann, B. & Herbert, R. (1995). Biomechanical golf swing analysis. In T. Bauer (Ed.), Proceedings of the XIII International Symposium for Biomechanics in Sport (pp. 67-70). Thunder Bay, ONT: Lakehead University.
  13. Milburn, P. D. (1982). Summation of segmental velocities in the golf swing. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14(1), 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198201000-00012
  14. Neal, R. T. & Wilson, B. D. (1985). 3D kinematics and kinetic of the golf swing. International Journal of Sports Biomechanics, 1, 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.1.3.221
  15. Okuda, I., Armstrong, C. W., Tsunezumi, H. & Yoshiiko, H. (2002). Biomechanical analysis of professional golfer's swing. Hidemichi Tanaka. Science & golf VI: Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf. In Eric. Thain (Eds), 18-27.
  16. Padstow, Cornwall, GB: TJ international Ltd. Okuda, I., Gribble, P. & Armstrong, C. (2010). Trunk rotation and weight transfer patterns between skilled and low skilled golfers. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9, 127-133.
  17. Park, J. Y. (2010). Ground reaction force and foot pressure analysis during golf iron swing by gender. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 20(2), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2010.20.2.167
  18. Queen, R. M., Butler, R. J., Dai, B. & Barnes, C. L. (2013). Difference in peak weight transfer and timing based on golf handicap. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(9), 2481-2486. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827f4da6
  19. Richards, J., Farrell, M., Kent, J. & Kraft, R. (1985). Weight transfer patterns during the golf swing. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 56, 361-365. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1985.10605341
  20. Robinson, R. L. (1994). A study of the correlation between swing characteristics and clubhead velocity. In A. J. Cochran & F. R. Farrally (Eds.), Science and golf II: Proceedings of the 1994 World Scientific Congress of Golf (pp. 84-90). London: E & FN Spon.
  21. Seong, G. J., Lee, K. C. & Kwak, C. S. (2017). A Study about difference of ground reaction forces on foot with golf clubs. Korean Journal of Teacher Education, 33(4), 133-146. https://doi.org/10.14333/KJTE.2017.33.4.133
  22. Son, D. J., Yang, J. O. & Lee, J. S. (2009). Influence of different slope analysis during pitching wedge swing on plantar pressure distribution pattern. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 19(2), 297-309. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2009.19.2.297
  23. Son, J. H. (2011). Research analysis of GRF peak value and timing before and after golf shot. The Korea Journal of Sports Science, 20(5), 1217-1228.
  24. Toski, B. & Love, D. (1998). How to feel a real golf swing. New York. Three Rivers Press.
  25. Vaughan, C. L. (1981). A three-dimensional analysis of the forces and torques applied by a golfer during the downswing. International Series on Biomechanics, 3B(VII-B), 325-331. University Park Press Baltimore.
  26. William, K. & Cavanagh, P. (1983). The mechanics of foot action during the golf swing and implication for shoe design. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 15(3), 247-255.
  27. Zumerchik, J. (2002). Newton on the tee: A good walk through the science of golf. Simon & Schuster, Inc.