References
- Aggarwal R. 2013. Hepatitis E: epidemiology and natural history. J Clin Exp Hepatol 3: 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2013.05.010
- Berto A, Grierson S, Hakze-van der Honing R, Martelli F, Johne R, Reetz J, Ulrich RG, Pavio N, Van der Poel WHM, Banks M. 2013. Hepatitis E virus in pork liver sausage, France. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 264-266. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1902.121255
- Boxman ILA, Jansen CCC, Hagele G, Zwartkruis-Nahuis A, Tijsma ASL, Vennema H. 2019. Monitoring of pork liver and meat products on the Dutch market for the presence of HEV RNA. Int J Food Microbiol 296: 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.018
- Caruso C, Peletto S, Rosamilia A, Modesto P, Chiavacci L,Sona B, Balsamelli F, Ghisetti V, Acutis PL, Pezzoni G, Brocchi E, Vitale N, Masoero L. 2017. Hepatitis E virus: a cross-sectional serological and virological study in pigs and humans at zoonotic risk within a high-density pig farming area. Transbound Emerg Dis 64: 1443-1453. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12533
- Choi IS, Kwon HJ, Shin NR, Yoo HS. 2003. Identification of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) and prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in swine and human populations in Korea. J Clin Microbiol 41: 3602-3608. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.8.3602-3608.2003
- Colson P, Borentain P, Queyriaux B, Kaba M, Moal V, Gallian P, Heyries L, Raoult D, Gerolami R. 2010. Pig liver sausage as a source of hepatitis E virus transmission to humans. J Infect Dis 202: 825-834. https://doi.org/10.1086/655898
- Crossan C, Grierson S, Thomson J, Ward A, Nunez-Garcia J, Banks M, Scobie L1. Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in slaughter-age pigs in Scotland. Epidemiol Infect 143: 2237-2240. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814003100
- Dong C1, Meng J, Dai X, Liang JH, Feagins AR, Meng XJ, Belfiore NM, Bradford C, Corn JL, Cray C, Glass GE, Gordon ML, Hesse RA, Montgomery DL, Nicholson WL, Pilny AA, Ramamoorthy S, Shaver DD, Drobeniuc J, Purdy MA, Fields HA, Kamili S, Teo CG. 2011. Restricted enzooticity of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 to 4 in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 49: 4164-4172. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.05481-11
- EFSA E. B. 2017. Scientific opinion on the public health risks associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) as a food-borne pathogen. EFSA J. 15: 4886-4889.
- Feurer C, Le Roux A, Rossel R, Barnaud E, Dumarest M, Garry P, Pavio N. 2018. High load of hepatitis E viral RNA in pork livers but absence in pork muscle at French slaughterhouses. Int. J. Food Microbiol 264: 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.013
- Gerber PF, Xiao CT, Cao D, Meng XJ, Opriessnig T. 2014. Comparison of real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assays for detection of swine hepatitis E virus in fecal samples. J Clin Microbiol 52: 1045-1051. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03118-13
- Grierson S, Heaney J, Cheney T, Morgan D, Wyllie S, Powell L, Smith D, Ijaz S, Steinbach F, Choudhury B, Tedder RS. 2015. Prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs at the time of slaughter, United Kingdom, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 1396-1401. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2108.141995
- Izopet J, Tremeaux P, Marion O, Migueres M, Capelli N, Chapuy-Regaud S, Mansuy JM, Abravanel F, Kamar N, Lhomme S. 2019. Hepatitis E virus infections in Europe. J Clin Virol 120: 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2019.09.004
- Jothikumar N, Cromeans TL, Robertson BH, Meng XJ, Hill VR, 2006. A broadly reactive one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis E virus. J Virol Methods 131: 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.07.004
- Krog J. S, Larsen L. E, Breum S. O. 2019. Tracing hepatitis E virus in pigs from birth to slaughter. Front. Vet Sci 6: 50. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00050
- Meng XJ. 2011. From barnyard to food table: the omnipresence of hepatitis E virus and risk for zoonotic infection and food safety. Virus Res 161: 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2011.01.016
- Miyashita K1, Kang JH, Saga A, Takahashi K, Shimamura T, Yasumoto A, Fukushima H, Sogabe S, Konishi K, Uchida T, Fujinaga A, Matsui T, Sakurai Y, Tsuji K, Maguchi H, Taniguchi M, Abe N, Fazle Akbar SM, Arai M, Mishiro S. 2012. Three cases of acute or fulminant hepatitis E caused by ingestion of pork meat and entrails in Hokkaido, Japan: Zoonotic food-borne transmission of hepatitis E virus and public health concerns. Hepatol Res 42: 870-878. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2012.01006.x
- Monne I, Ceglie L, DI Martino G, Natale A, Zamprogna S, Morreale A, Rampazzo E, Cattoli G, Bonfanti L. 2015. Hepatitis E virus genotype 4 in a pig farm, Italy, 2013. Epidemiol Infect 143: 529-533. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814001150
- Park WJ, Park BJ, Ahn HS, Lee JB. 2016. Hepatitis E virus as an emerging zoonotic pathogen. J Vet Sci 17(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2016.17.1.1
- Perez-Gracia MT, Garcia M, Suay B, Mateos-Lindemann ML. 2015. Current knowledge on hepatitis E. J Clin Transl Hepatol 3(2): 117-126.
- Perumpail RB, Ahmed A, Higgins JP, So SK, Cochran JL, Drobeniuc J, Mixson-Hayden TR, Teo CG. 2015. Fatal accelerated cirrhosis after imported HEV genotype 4 infection. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 1679-1681. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2109.150300
- Purcell RH, Emerson SU. 2008. Hepatitis E: an emerging awareness of an old disease. J Hepatol 48: 494-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2007.12.008
- Smith DB, Simmonds P, Izopet J, Oliveira-Filho EF, Ulrich RG, Johne R, Koenig M, Jameel S, Harrison TJ, Meng XJ, Okamoto H, Van der Poel WHM, Purdy MA. 2016. Proposed reference sequences for hepatitis E virus subtypes. J Gen Virol 97: 537-542. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000393
- Song YJ, Jeong HJ, Kim YJ, Lee SW, Lee JB, Park SY, Song CS, Park HM, Choi IS. 2010. Analysis of complete genome sequences of swine hepatitis E virus and possible risk factors for transmission of HEV to humans in Korea. J Med Virol 82(4): 583-591. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21730
- Sooryanarain H, Heffron CL, Hill DE, Fredericks J, Rosenthal BM, Werre SR, Opriessnig T, Meng XJ. 2020. Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs from Slaughterhouses, United States, 2017-2019. Emerg Infect Dis 26(2): 354-35. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2602.191348
- Thiry D, Mauroy A, Pavio N, Purdy MA, Rose N, Thiry E, de Oliveira-Filho EF. 2017. Hepatitis E virus and related viruses in animals. Transbound Emerg Dis 64(1): 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12351