Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

High-rate Denitrifying Process Based on Methanol and Characteristics of Organic Carbon Uptake

메탄올 기반 탈질 공정의 고속화 및 탄소 섭취 특성

  • Park, Suin (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Jeon, Junbeom (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Bae, Hyokwan (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University)
  • 박수인 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 전준범 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 배효관 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2020.10.30
  • Accepted : 2020.11.30
  • Published : 2020.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, two types of reactors were operated to examine the properties of methanol uptake under the high-rate denitrification process. In a sequencing batch reactor, the denitrifying activity was enriched up to 0.80 g-N/g-VSS-day for 72 days. Then, the enriched denitrifying sludge was transferred to a completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR). At the final phase on Day 46-50, the nitrogen removal efficiency was around 100% and the total nitrogen removal rate reached 0.097±0.003 kg-N/㎥-day. During the continuous process, the sludge settling index (SVI30) was stabilized as 118.3 mL/g with the biomass concentration of 1,607 mg/L. The continuous denitrifying process was accelerated by using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a total nitrogen removal rate of 0.403±0.029 kg-N/㎥-day with a high biomass concentration of 8,433 mg-VSS/L. Because the reactor was open to ambient air with the dissolved oxygen range of 0.2-0.5 mg-O2/L, an increased organic carbon requirement of 5.58±0.70 COD/NO3--N was shown for the SBR in comparison to the value of 4.13±0.94 for the test of the same biomass in a completely anaerobic batch reactor. The molecular analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that Methyloversatilis discipulorum and Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii were the responsible denitrifiers with the sole organic carbon source of methanol.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 날코코리아와 2020년도 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업임(No.2018R1C1B5086307).

References

  1. Abdel Kader, A. M. (2009). Comparison study between sequencing batch reactor and conventional activated sludge by using simulation mathematical model, Thirteenth International Water Technology Conference, 693-702.
  2. Ahn, J. S., Park, W. K., and Cho, J. H. (2011). Characteristics of wastewater treatment of sewage mixed with industrial wastewater, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 12(7), 3341-3352. [Korea Literature] https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2011.12.7.3341
  3. Baytshtok, V., Lu, H., Park, H., Kim, S., Yu, R., and Chandran, K. (2009). Impact of varying electron donors on the molecular microbial ecology and biokinetics of methylotrophic denitrifying bacteria, Biotechnology and bioengineering, 102(6), 1527-1536. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22213
  4. Bill, K. A., Bott, C. B., and Murthy, N. (2009). Evaluation of alternative electron donors for denitrifying moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs), Water Science & Technology, 60(10), 2647-2657. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.622
  5. Cao, S., Wang, S., Peng, Y., Wu, C., Du, R., Gong, L., and Ma, B. (2013). Achieving partial denitrification with sludge fermentation liquid as carbon source: The effect of seeding sludge, Bioresource Technology, 149, 570-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.072
  6. Cao, X. S., Qian, D., and Meng, X. (2013). Effects of pH on nitrite accumulation during wastewater denitrification, Environmental Technology, 34(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2012.679700
  7. Chang, J. P. and Morris, J. G. (1962). Studies on the utilization of nitrate by micrococcus denitrificans, The Journal of General Microbiology, 29, 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-29-2-301
  8. Claus, G. and Kutzner, H. J. (1985). Denitrification of nitrate and nitric acid with methanol as carbon source, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 378-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00582424
  9. Cuervo-Lopez, F. M., Martinez, F., Gutierrez-Rojas, M., Noyola, R. A., and Gomez, J. (1999). Effect of nitrogen loading rate and carbon source on denitrification and sludge settleability in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, Water Science and Technology, 40(8), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00617-4
  10. Dangcong, P., Yi, W., Hao, W., and Xiaochang, W. (2004). Biological denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor, Water Science and Technology, 50(10), 67-72. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0611
  11. Dawson, R. N. and Murphy, K. L. (1972). The temperature dependency of biological denitrification, Water Research, 6, 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(72)90174-1
  12. Dold, P., Murthy, S., Takacs, I., and Bye, C. (2005). Batch test method for measuring methanol utilizer maximum specific growth rate, Proceedings of the 78th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference, Washington, DC.
  13. Focht, D. D. and Chang A. C. (1975). Nitrification and denitrification processes related to waste water treatment, Advanced in Applied Microbiology, 19, 153-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70428-3
  14. Gavazza dos Santos, S., Amancio Varesche, M. B., Zaiat, M., and Foresti, E. (2004). Comparison of methanol, ethanol, and methane as electron donors for denitrification, Environmental engineering science, 21(3), 313-320. https://doi.org/10.1089/109287504323066950
  15. Glass, C. and Silverstein, J. (1998). Denitrification kinetics of high nitrate concentration water: pH effect on inhibition and nitrite accumulation, Water Research, 32(3), 831-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00260-1
  16. GrieBmeier, V. and Gescher, J. (2018). Influence of the potential carbon sources for field denitrification beds on their microbial diversity and the fate of carbon and nitrate, Frontiers in microbiology, 9, 1313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01313
  17. Jung, I. C., Kim, H. Y., Kang, D. H., Jung, J. S., Lee, S. W., Lim, K. T., and Kim, C. W. (2004). Development of alternative external carbon source from wasting carbonaceous organic resource and full scale application, Journal of Environmental Science International, 13(10), 911-919. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2004.13.10.911
  18. Kim, I, T., Lee, Y, E., Jeong, Y., and Yoo, Y. S. (2020). A novel method to remove nitrogen from reject water in wastewater treatment plants using a methane- and methanol-dependent bacterial consortium, Water Research, 172, 115512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115512
  19. Knowles, R. (1982). Denitrification, Microbiological reviews, 46(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1128/MR.46.1.43-70.1982
  20. Lee, H. J., Koh, E. O., Kim, M. H., and Park, T. J. (1999). Effects of nitrogen removal with C/N ratio and internal recycle rate in high-strength wastewater using ICBR (Innovative Compact Biofilm Process), Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 21(8), 1529-1536. [Korea Literature]
  21. Lee, H. O., Kim, J. Y., Hyun, K. S., and Choi, J. W. (2009). A study on high-rate BNR process for fluctuating influent loadings and sludge reduction, Journal of Korean Society of Water Science and Technology, 17(3), 67-75.[Korea Literature]
  22. Li, E., Jin, X., and Lu, S. (2018). Microbial communities in biological denitrification system using methanol as carbon source for treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate from coking wastewater, Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 8(3), 360-371. https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2017.024
  23. Liu, Z., Frigaard, N. U., Vogl, K., Lino, T., Ohkuma, M., Overmann, J., and Bryant, D. A. (2012). Complete genome of Ignavibacterium album, a metabolically versatile, flagellated, facultative anaerobe from the phylum Chlorobi, frontiers in Microbilogy, 3(185), 1-15.
  24. Martineau, C., Mauffrey, F., and Villemur, R. (2015). Comparative alysis of denitrifying activities of hyphomicrobium nitrativorans, hyphomicrobium denitrificans, and hyphomicrobium zavarzinii, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81(15), 5003-5014. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00848-15
  25. McCarty, P. L. (2018). What is the best biological process for nitrogen removal: When and why?, Environment Science and Technology, 52, 3835-3841. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05832
  26. Oh, J. and Silverstein, J. (1999). Oxygen inhibition of activated sludge denitrification, Water Research, 33(8), 1925-1937. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00365-0
  27. Osaka, T., Shirotani, K., Yoshie, S., and Tsuneda, S. (2008). Effects of carbon source on denitrification efficiency and microbial community structure in a saline wastewater treatment process, Water Research, 42, 3709-3718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.06.007
  28. Osaka, T., Yoshie, S., Tsuneda, S., Hirata, A., Iwami, N., and Inamori, Y. (2006). Identification of acetate- or methanolassimilating bacteria under nitrate-reducing conditions by stable-isotope probing, Microbial Ecology, 52, 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9071-7
  29. Playchoom, C., Pungrasmi, W., and Powtongsook, S. (2011). Effect of carbon sources and carbon/nitrogen ratio on nitrate removal in aquaculture denitrification tank, Environmental Chemistry, 1, 307-311.
  30. Prakasam, T. B. S. and Loehr, R. C. (1972). Microbial nitrification and denitrification in concentrated wastes, Water Research, 6(7), 859-869. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(72)90038-3
  31. Saleh-Lakha, S., Shannon, K. E., Henderson, S. L., Goyer, C., Trevors, J. T., Zebarth, B. J., and Burton, D. L. (2009). Effect of pH and temperature on denitrification gene expression and activity in Pseudomonas mandelii, Applied and environmental microbiology, 75(12), 3903-3911. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00080-09
  32. Skerman, V. B. D. and Macrae, I. C. (1957). The influence of oxygen on the reduction on nitrate by adapted cells of Pseudomonas denitrificans, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 3, 215-230. https://doi.org/10.1139/m57-026
  33. Smalley, N. E., Taipale, S., Marco, P. D., Doronina, N. V., Kyrpides, N., Shapiro, N., Woyke, T., and Kalyuzhnaya, M. G. (2015). Functional and genomic diversity of methylotrophic Rhodocyclaceae: description of Methyloversatilis discipulorum sp. nov., International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 65, 2227-2233. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000190
  34. Sperl, G. T. and Hoare, D. S. (1971). Denitrification with methanol: a selective enrichment for hyphomicrobium species, Journal of Bacteriology, 108(2), 733-736. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.108.2.733-736.1971
  35. Thakur, I. S. and Medhi, K. (2019). Nitrification and denitrification processes for mitigation of nitrous oxide from waste water treatment plants for biovalorization: Challenges and opportunities, Bioresource Technology, 282, 502-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.069
  36. Timmermans, P. and Haute, A. V. (1983). Denitrification with methanol: Fundamental study of the growth and denitrification capacity of Hyphomicrobium sp, Water Research, 17(10), 1249-1255. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(83)90249-X
  37. Volokita, M., Belkin, S., Abeliovich, A., and Soares, M. I. M. (1996). Biological denitrification of drinking water using newspaper, Water Research, 30(4), 965-971. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(95)00242-1
  38. Waki, M., Yasuda, T., Yokoyama, H., Hanajima, D., Ogino, A., Suzuki, K., Yamagishi, T., Suwa, Y., and Tanaka, Y. (2009). Nitrogen removal by co-occurring methane oxidation, denitrification, aerobic ammonium oxidation, and anammox, Environmental Biotechnology, 84, 977-985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2112-7
  39. Wauters, G., Baere, T. D., Willems, A., Falsen, E., and Vaneechoutte, M. (2003). Description of Comamonas aquatica comb. nov. and Comamonas kerstersii sp. nov. for two subgroups of Comamonas terrigena and emended description of Comamonas terrigena, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 53, 859-862. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02450-0
  40. Xu, Z., Dai, X., and Chai, X. (2018). Effect of different carbon sources on denitrification performance, microbial community structure and denitrification genes, Science of the Total Environment, 634, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.348
  41. Yao, R., Yuan, Q., and Wang, K. (2019) Enrichment of denitrifying bacterial community using nitrite as an electron acceptor for nitrogen removal from wastewater, Water, 12(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010048
  42. Yoon, S. J., Kang, W. C., Bae, W. K., and Oh, S. E. (2010). Autotrophic nitrite denitrification using sulfur particles for treatment of wastewater with low C/N ratio (Batch Tests), Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 32(9), 851-856. [Korea Literature]